MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
VIVIPAROUS PLANTS. 
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The tree, top, or bulb bearing onion, al¬ 
lium cepa, variety, viviparum, is a fine ex¬ 
emplification of thi&curious change in plants. 
This variety of the onion sends up a strong 
stem, two feet or more in height, crowned 
with flowers similar to its species—but in¬ 
stead of capsules, the germs produce bulbs 
upon the top of the stem. These bulbs as 
soon as they drop to the ground send out 
roots and vegetate. This variety it is said, 
was first produced in Canada. It is in cold 
and wet countries that seminal plants are 
chanaed to viviparous. The grasses, some 
species of them, when transplanted to ele¬ 
vated, cold and wet regions, produce little 
plants in the spike or panacle, where seeds 
are the common production. Wheat in 
rainy weather exhibits the same fact. It is 
said by an English Botanist, that it is by 
no means improbable, that, both grain and 
pulse in the humid atmosphere of the Heb¬ 
rides, would, if not dried by artificial means, 
become viviparous. Onions were introduced 
into Canada by the French, anditisnot at all 
improbable, that the causes already named, 
produced the variety called tree-onion by 
some, and by others, top-onion. The onion 
and the sugar cane belong to the great di¬ 
vision of plants called Pheenogamia or Flow¬ 
ering Plants, which develop pistils and 
stamens, the precursers of seeds which are 
always produced under favorable influences. 
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BUSHING TOMATOES. 
Those who love good tomatoes will take 
pains to cultivate them so as to insure them 
as near as may be in their full perfection. 
There is no other fruit that delights more 
in air and sunshine than the tomato.— 
They should have therefore abundance of 
room, and the vines be sustained from fall¬ 
ing to the earth. I have found stout brush 
firmly set around the plants, to answer the 
purpose better than any other method.— 
The branches have room to extend them¬ 
selves as they like, while the limbs of the 
brush keep them in their positions. By 
this method the fruit is more fully exposed 
to the genial influences of the air and sun¬ 
shine, whereby it attains a more delicious 
flavor, larger size, and comes quicker to ma¬ 
turity. T. E. W. 
A SPECIAL MANURE FOR EVERGREENS. 
It is well known that most evergreens are 
impatient of the ordinary animal manures, 
applied with so much benefit to deciduous 
trees, and the zealous cultivator is often at 
a loss to know how to urge the slower sorts 
of firs, pines, &c., to a more luxuriant 
growth. 
We have experimented a little on this 
subject, and think we have found a most 
valuable stimulant for all rare evergreen 
trees in ornamental plantations. 
Two years ago, the Lodi Manufacturing 
Co., Liberty st., New York, (whose excel¬ 
lent poudrette, we have already recom¬ 
mended,) sent us for trial a cask of “ ma¬ 
nure for shrubs and trees,” requesting us 
to make a trial of it. It presents to the eye 
the appearance of a finely pulverized gray 
powder, and is quite dry to the touch. We 
applied it to a variety of trees and shrubs; 
in the majority of cases it seemed to act 
simply as a good manure, with no effects in 
any way remarkable. But to our surprise 
it acts most distinctly and beneficially upon 
all evergreens. Pines, Firs, Deodars and 
Spruces" that have made but feeble growth 
for some seasons, when liberally dressed 
with this mixture, put on a darker green 
and made more luxuriant shoots than they 
had ever done previously. Encouraged by 
this we used the mixture liberally, in plant¬ 
ing young evergreens the past spring—mix¬ 
ing three or four shovelfuls to the soil used 
in planting young Deodars, Araucarias, and 
the like. The effect was very soon per¬ 
ceptible in the darker hue of the foliage, 
and now, at midsummer, in the greater 
luxuriance of the growth. We have no 
hesitation in recommending this “ manure 
for shrubs,” as a capital top-dresser for ev¬ 
ergreen plantations, and as an especially 
valuable manure for using in the process 
of transplanting evergreens. We under- 
. stand it consists of a small quantity of pou¬ 
drette, anb a considerable portion of mine¬ 
ral manures adapted to the growth of trees 
ge n erally.— Horticulturist. 
avac 
* list of patent claims 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending June 24, 1851. 
TIMELY HINTS. 
SHADED FLOWERS LAST LONGEST. 
The Gardeners’ Journal, an English pe¬ 
riodical, quoted by Hovey in his last mag¬ 
azine, recommends shading flowers while 
blooming, in order to continue them in 
blossom a much longer time. Speaking of 
an exhibition of American flowers in Re¬ 
gent’s Park, London, the writer says: — 
“ The practice of shading plants from the 
direct rays of the sun, receives an illustra¬ 
tion on a broad scale, in this exhibition.— 
The result of which is that the plants, 
which, in the open air exposed to the sun, 
would last in perfection two or three days 
only, continue here, shut out as they are 
from the sun, and exposed to a damp, cool 
and still atmosphere, not less than a month, 
and some of them still longer. This, then, 
is the result of shading plants while in 
flower. * * * * In all cases where 
it is possible, the shading ought to be mo¬ 
vable so as to be taken down at pleasure.” 
The above hint may be of service to 
those who love the culture of flowers. It 
shading in the cloudy and damp climate of 
England, be of service in prolonging the 
blooming season of flowers, it must be much 
more so in the bright and sunny region 
which we inhabit. 
Many cultivators, who devote a fair pro¬ 
portion of attention to their fruit trees in 
spring, forget and almost wholly neglect 
them at mid-summer. To such we would 
briefly suggest the importance of keeping 
a constant eye lo them, in order to pres¬ 
erve them in good cultivation, and to pre¬ 
vent disaster from disease or the attacks of 
enemies.. A tree will not thrive, unless it 
is widely and deepely spaded about, or 
otherwise kept with a clean and mellow 
soil. For newly transplanted trees, mulch¬ 
ing, or covering heavily with straw or other 
litter, is of great importance in the hot sea¬ 
son. On dry soils, the fruit of the rasp¬ 
berry is greatly benetitted by mulching. 
With gooseberries, deep littering is indis¬ 
pensable. 
If the black-hwt should make its ap¬ 
pearance on the plum, all the affected parts 
should be immediately cut off and burned. 
This, if repeated when necesary, will keep 
the trees clear of the evil. The labor of 
watching and cutting, will not be a tenth 
part as much as every gardener willingly 
devotes to the culture of a crop of cabbages. 
Pear trees affected with the blight are to be 
similarly treated. 
Newly transplanted trees, with tall naked 
stems, are often injured by the hot sun 
striking upon them, especially at points 
which happen to incline from its rays. 
They may be protected by two narrow 
boards nailed together, so as to enclose the 
trunk of the tree in the angle. Stiff white 
paper wrapped loosely around and tied with 
twine, serves a good purpose. —Alb. Cult. 
THE FAME OF A NAME. 
To John Cooper, (administrator of Bonj. Giger, 
deceased,) of Sangamon Co., Illinois, for improve¬ 
ment in plows.. 
To C. A. Postley, of Spring Garden, Pa., for 
self-acting guard frog. 
To John Pepper, of Portsmouth, N. H., (as¬ 
signor to Crane, Pepper & Crar.e,) for improve¬ 
ment in knitting machines. 
To Maria Vaughn, (administratrix of J. C. 
Vaughn, deceased,) of Greenbush N. Y., for ma¬ 
chinery for making wrought iron car wheels. 
To Jabez Robins, of Boston, Mass., (assignor 
to J. R- Morse, of Loominster, Mass.,) for im¬ 
provement in machines for splitting horn and 
shell. 
To Henry Maeser, of Pittsburgh, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in printing names ot subscribeis upon 
newspapers, &c. 
To Jacob Selgarth, of Pottsville, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in lubricating compounds. 
To Lawrence Myers, of Philadelphia, Pa., for 
improvement in cars for the transportation of coal. 
To Sylvanus Sawyer, of Templeton, Mass., 
for improvement in machinery for cutting rattan, 
&c. 
To Chas. Starr, of Now York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in machines for finishing the backs of 
books. 
To S. T. Armstrong, of New York, N. Y., for 
improvement in making Guita Percha hollow 
ware. 
To Wm. & Wm. II. Lewis, of New York, N. 
Y., for improvement in fastening pedestals to col¬ 
umns. 
To Wm. H. Start, of Smyrna, Ill., for improve¬ 
ment in grain harvesters. 
To Joseph Wright, of Waterloo, N. Y., for 
provement in mashing tubs. 
To Jean Blanc, of New Orleans, La., for im¬ 
provement in making hemp from okra,. 
DESIGNS. 
To S. A. House, of Mechanicsville, N. Y., for 
design for stoves. 
THE POWER OF STEAM. 
ORNAMENTAL BRICKS. 
The accompanying engraving represents 
a style of ornamental bricks, which has re¬ 
cently been introduced into England, and 
patented by Messrs. Bowers, Challinors & 
Wooliscraft, of the Staffordshire Potteries. 
These bricks, or rather they are a kind of 
pottery ware, are made from a mixture of 
clay and other ingredients, calculated to 
vitrify with the clay. They can be painted 
and grained with the utmost facility, so as 
to imitate any kind of oak, rose, satin, or 
other woods, or sculptures in stone, or be 
gilded without injuring the brilliancy of the 
gold leaf. They may supply the place of 
wood carving in architetcural decoration, 
and, from their fire-proof nature, add to the 
safety of the buildings. Some ornamental 
bricks were employed in this city about ten 
years ago; how they came to be disused, 
we cannot tell, but we think they are worth 
reviving, for certainly they appeared to us 
well adapted for ornamental architectural 
purposes, both inside and out, such as for 
internal and external decorations of church¬ 
es, public buildings, mansions, houses, and 
shops, cornices, mouldings, skirting boards, 
to match in design any style of architecture, 
or the taste of any private individual.— Sci. 
American. 
TERRA COTTA FOR ORNAMENTAL ARCHI¬ 
TECTURE. 
BLACK WARTS ON CHERRY TREES. 
This is the same singular disease, com¬ 
mencing in a kind of tumor or swelling, and 
continuing to increase till it becomes a 
large black bunch, which disfigures, and 
spreading, kills the plum trees. 1 am not 
aware that any satisfactory cause has ever 
been assigned for this disorder, and I be¬ 
lieve that it is but recently that it has at¬ 
tacked the cherry trees. 
Now the only known remedy is to cut 
off the bunches as fast as they appear, and 
burn them. This should be done without 
delay, and cut freely to the excision of 
every diseased part. Salt, though not a 
sure remedy or preventive of this disease 
as regarded by some, is useful as it lessens 
its occurrence and severity. It may be ap¬ 
plied to the soil and insolution to the af- 
fected part Those who do not think it 
worth the trouble to cut off these destruc¬ 
tive excrescences from their cherry trees, 
ought to cut the diseased trees down so 
that their neighbors may save theirs if they 
desire, for this disease spreads rapidly from 
one tree to another.— Oneida Herald. 
The celebrity of the Wgalieu pears 
of Western New York in some of the eastern 
markets is well known. The value of tins 
good name is quite amusingly shown by a 
story related by L. F. Allen in the Horti¬ 
culturist. Two gentlemen of the Genesee 
country sent each several barrels of Virga- 
lieu pears to be sold in New York. One 
of them called his pears the “ Virgalieu,” 
the only name he knew; the other, to be 
precise, marked his “ White Doyenne.” In 
a few weeks the consignee returned an ac¬ 
count of sales. The Virgalieu brought $12 
per barrel; the White Doyenne’s SO. The 
seller gravely remarked that they were both 
fine specimens of pear; but if the owner 
of the Doyenne’s had only sent his Virga- 
lieus as his neighbor did, he could have 
sold them for as much! 
Nursery Buds.— Buds that were set last 
August should now be taken care of.— 
They often grow out horizontally from the 
young stock and are overshadowed by 
sprouts. 
If the stock was cut off in April, as it 
should be, six inches or more above the 
bud, a strip of matting should be used to 
tie the shooting bud to the stock in order 
to make it shoot up. All the sprouts may 
be now cut off, unless the stock is over 
large, when it may require more twigs and 
leaves than the bud can furnish.— Mass. 
Ploughman. 
Steam— mighty steam! The term sug¬ 
gests a thousand pleasing and profitable re¬ 
flections. The marvelous and invisible pow¬ 
er which hrooks no opposition, which never 
tires—scouring the plains, piercing the hills, 
threading the valleys, and plowing the wide 
ocean, mastering with indignant ease, time 
and space, wind, water and seasons. The 
varieties of its power may well amaze us— 
here ’tis wielding the ponderous hammer 
that gives shape to gigantic metallic masses 
—there it weaves the gossamer web or 
twists the slender fibre —it plunges the 
hardy miner deep into the earth and raises 
from her lap her material and metallic 
treasures. These glow and flow with li¬ 
quid melting at its powerful blast; here ’tis 
printing bank notes, there coining gold in 
sovereigns. To-day ’tis preparing food and 
clothing for the body; to-morrow it feasts 
the mind spreading far and wide in count¬ 
less numbers the broad sheets of intelli¬ 
gence—instruments of death, of preserva¬ 
tion, alike acknowledge its power. What 
a comprehensive word is steam! It means 
peace, progression, civilization, education, 
abundance, and cheapness; it is the death 
blow to monopoly and privation. Ignorance 
and prejudice shrink away at its approach, 
the iron barrier of separation is broken 
down by steam. The interposition of time, 
of distance, or poverty, no longer wounds 
the tender affections. It increases alike 
our political power as a nation, and our 
morality; for the increase of physical com¬ 
fort must in a Christian community pre¬ 
dispose to moral good.— Machan's Lectures 
on Steam. 
The robes used by George the Fourth 
, cosi nine thousand dollars. 
Who, in passing through the streets of 
our principal cities has not been struck with 
the barrenness of the brick walls, and the 
want of something to break the monotony 
of their smooth fronts; and who has not 
stopped to gaze with wonder and delight ] 
when his eye has rested upon some beau¬ 
tiful stone building, with its finely chiseled 
ornaments, and bold projections. This has 
been, not from a want of taste in our archi¬ 
tects or builders, but from the want of some 
material for ornamental work, that would 
harmonize with brick and stone, at a cost 
that would bring them within the reach of 
of all. Even for buildings for ordinary pur¬ 
poses as well as for residences, very lew in 
constructing a common building would think 
of going to the expense of ornaments of 
chiseled stone, and no architect of good 
judgment would trim a building of brick or 
stone (designed to last for ages) with wood¬ 
en ornaments. This objection is now being 
entirely overcome by the introduction of or¬ 
naments of terra cotta. 
The above is from the Worcester (Mass.) 
Spy, which says that terra cotta has been 
manufactured in that county during the 
past two years, and is now getting into ex¬ 
tensive, use. “ Corinthian Capital of almost 
any size, from 10 to 40 inches, are made in 
a style that cannot be approached in stone 
for it is impossible to give that relief to 
stone that is done in these,—Ionic Capita 
—of various orders, as the Grecian and 
Roman—Garden Vases—Window Caps— 
and an infinite variety of Brackets, Modil- 
lions, Consoles and Ornamental China top.” 
Some of this work has been in use through 
the present, and also through last winter, 
and is not affected in the least, by frost or 
the weather. It is equally desirable to 
trim wooden, as brick buildings, and costs 
less than wood. 
Stone Pumps. —While at Newton Falls, 
a few days siuce, we visited the Stone Pump 
Factory of Mr. J. G. Calender, formerly of 
of Warren. His establishment is now in 
complete working order, with improved ma¬ 
chinery, and turns out a large amount of 
pipe per day. These pumps will probably 
supersede all others in a few years. The 
material neither rusts nor corrodes, is proof 
against the strongest acids, and is almost 
as hard to break as iron. Mr. • C. is like¬ 
wise manufacturing conduit pipe of various 
sizes, for conducting springs, draining mar¬ 
shy lands, &c. His establishment is worthy 
of a visit from the curious in such matters. 
MACHINERY vs. MANUAL LABOR. 
A late number of the Scientific Ameri¬ 
can contains some interesting particulars 
with regard to machinery for manufactur¬ 
ing garments. In New York city there 
are now in operation two factories, which 
are constantly running fifty sewing mach¬ 
ines. These machines are driven by steam 
power, and turn out from ten to twenty pair 
of pantaloons each. They are attended by 
girls, and have been in operation for about 
a year, manufacture fine coats, every stitch 
except the button hole, and in a neaier and 
stronger manner than could be effected by 
hand. The profits are enormous, as one 
girl can sew six over coats or twenty pair 
of pantaloons in one day. 
It is about sixty years since mechanism 
began to be successfully applied to the pro¬ 
duction of the necessaries or the luxuries of 
life, and now the labor of machinery in Great 
Britain alone, is estimated as equivalent to 
that of 600,000,000 of men! The power 
of production has been increased an hun¬ 
dred fold. What will be effected, then, in 
an increasing population, making one man 
do the work of one hundred, is a question 
which may well arrest the attention of the 
political economist and the philanthropist. 
Its immediate tendency seems to be associa- 
tionward, to prevent the monopoly of capi¬ 
talists and the poverty of the mass. Its ulti¬ 
mate effect in this country, will be increas¬ 
ed attention to agricultural and literary pur¬ 
suits and the tine arts. 
A NEW RIFLE. 
The Newark Advertiser says:—A rifle 
capable of firing twenty-five balls every 
minute, including the time of loading, was 
shown us a day or two since, as an import¬ 
ant improvement in fire arms. Under the 
barrel, in the place of the ordinary ramrod, 
is an iron tube containing the twenty-five 
balls, and by cocking the gun a ball is 
is brought up in the barrel, and the same 
operation also brings up from the breech a 
“ pull” of priming. The charge of powder 
contained in ball, which is not round, but 
oblong, and having an opening which is 
corked shut after the powder has been in¬ 
troduced. The quantity of powder is only 
twenty-eight grains, and drives the ball 
with greater force than the large charge in 
an ordinary gun. This is a new invention, 
and the manufacturing of the gun is now 
begining at Williamsburgh, and we learn 
that a large order has been received at the 
foundry of Gardner, Harrison <k Co., of this 
city, for cast breeches, &c., for it 
IMPROVED SHUTTLES. 
A valuable improvement is said to have 
been made in shuttles for power looms, 
by Mr. L. Litchfield, of Southbridge, Mass. 
By this improvement one shuttle will answer 
for bobbins of various sized heads, the spring 
and spindle being formed of one piece only, 
obviating the objections that arise from the 
loosening of the screw on the bottom of the 
shuttle on the old plan, and the consequent 
catching of the thread from the spring. In 
the new shuttle no screw is used, and its 
arrangement renders it peculiarly adapted 
to woolen factories. Measures have been 
taken by the inventor to secure a patent 
for his improvement.— Farmer and Mech. 
A strong tea of camwood is good to re¬ 
vive old calicoes, delaines, shawls and other 
garments, in which the white figure has be¬ 
come soiled. It makes a cherry color more 
or less bright according to the strength; it 
does not bear washing with soap, but costs 
very little. 
In finally “ papering” needles for sale, the 
females employed can count and paper 3,000 
in an hour. 
One hour each day, gained by rising 
early is worth one month of labor in a year. 
