MOOllE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
frorlijcullttrul. 
PERPETUAL MOSS AND OTHER ROSES. 
Eds. Rural : — As I read each number 
of your interesting sheet with rene.wed 
fondness and pleasure, you may know that 
it is a very welcome messenger. Finding 
an article in a recent number, headed “Not 
very common Roses,” and being myself 
somewhat devoted to that family or class 
of flowers, it occurred to me that a short 
description of a few roses would not be un¬ 
acceptable. 
The rose family of late years, has been 
so much improved through the ever bloom 
ing or perpetual roses, of the Tea, China, 
Bourbon, Noisette and Hybrid varieties, 
that now we feel that a June Rose, or one 
that blooms but once a year, can scarcely 
be tolerated—although, in their day, they 
were considered charming. Of all of these > 
the latter class seems to be the rage, com¬ 
bining the good quality of hardiness with 
their tine autumnal blooming. Aureti, 
Cericette and Triumph of Abbenville, I do 
not consider either rare or uncommon with 
any amateur or lover of the rose family 
who has ever pretended to a collection ; 
not saying that these roses when in bloom 
are not handsome, but they are now placed 
in the back ground to make room for those 
of equal beauty, which will favor us with 
their odors and gratify our sight until the 
closing of the season by hard frosts. • With 
this end in view I will describe a few which 
have bloomed freely with us this season, 
confining myself to a few Moss and Hy¬ 
brid Perpetuals as they are the most desi¬ 
rable for planting out by those who do not 
wish to be at the trouble of protecting 
them. 
Of the Moss Roses the perpetual bloom¬ 
ers will receive our attention first. 
Perpetual White Moss —A strong grow¬ 
er, and very mossy. It is a pure while in 
large clusters, sometimes with a pink stripe ; 
perfectly hard. 
Perpetual Red Mauget —A fine losy 
crimson, but grows rather slim and delicate ; 
one of the loveliest in existence. 
General JDrouot —Purplish crimson ; 
this with us is a free grower and free 
bloomer. 
Herman Kegel —This is the finest of the 
moss family ; imported last season. It is 
of fine size, very double crimson violet, with 
white stripes in each petal, short jointed, 
and a very vigorous grower. 
Hybrid Perpetuals. —(The now vari¬ 
eties.)—The following new varieties were 
received at the same time with Herman 
Kegel and are extremely beautful ; indeed 
they were, some of them, described in the 
Gardner’s Chronicle as the only new ones 
of great merit. 
Baronne Hallez de Cl up a rede — A full, 
brilliant carmine ; a seedling of Madame 
Lafay’s- -flowers larger, more double, deep¬ 
er in color and petals much thicker, with 
foliage as elegant ; certainly a rose of great 
merit. 
Madame Pepin —Very beautiful ; flow¬ 
ers large and full, of a soft rose color,— 
back of the petals almost white. 
Madame de Lamoric/ere —Pale rose 
color, cupped ; free grower ; a constant 
nnda bundant bloomer ; worthy a place in 
every collection. 
Caroline de Sausal- A magnificent rose ; 
flowers large as Baron Prevost ; blush, 
with rosy flesh centre, and one of vigor¬ 
ous growth ; an acquisition. 
General Cavaignac —Beautiful rosy 
pink ; large and full ; much admired on 
account of its most perfect form. 
General Changarnier —A very large 
rose ; violet purple, and very showy. 
Compte Bohinsb/ —A remarkable rose, 
—brighter than “ (leant des Batailles,” and 
the nearest approach of any to scarlet ; 
most splendid. 
Standard of Marengo— Is a beautiful 
brilliant crimson variety, of the most per¬ 
fect form, and worthy a place in the most 
limited collection. 
Of older varieties, but of recent intro¬ 
duction, I will notice the following : 
Blanche Vihert —-A beautiful white, 
slightly tinged with straw color ; a very 
neat, medium sized rose, but rather a shy 
bloomer. 
Geant dcs Batailles —Already described ; 
deserves all that can be said of it. 
Maria Sekzinska —Rosy blush, —per¬ 
fect form,—free grower and bloomer ; very 
superb. 
Rciw.s des Finers —A most superb 
blush, resembling somewhat the color of 
of Mrs. Bosanquet ; a splendid rose. 
Lane —A most beautiful bright carmine ; 
much admired and desirable. 
Thus I have given you a baker’s dozen 
of the new, truly tine perpetuals, all of 
which are desirable and would do honor to 
the choicest selection any one could make. 
In my next, if this proves acceptable, I 
will give a dozen of the good but older 
Hybiid Perpetuals, of which La Iteine, 
Madame Laffay and Baron Prevost will be 
the type —and then enter the Bourbon fam¬ 
ily, which, although not so hardy, are great 
pets and as highly prized by those who are 
willing to protect them in the fall. 
A. A. Fahnestock. 
Syracuse, August 25, 1851. 
STARTING BUDS TOO SOON. 
A few years ago I accidentally discov¬ 
ered that buds would sometimes start the 
same season that they were set; (my expe¬ 
rience in budding is only of few years 
standing,) and mentioned the fact in the 
Genesee Farmer. An article appeared in 
the next number, stating that such buds 
(or the young shoots,) would generally die 
on the following winter, or be stinted in 
their future growth. This induced me to 
watch the result upon my buds, and from 
careful observation I could not satisfy my¬ 
self that either of these effects followed.— 
Some of those that started died —so did 
some of those that did not start. Those of 
the former that lived, did equally well with 
the latter. 
On page 251, (Rural,) is an article, from 
“the New England Farmer,” on budding, 
in which the writer mentions some buds of 
the pear that after growing an inch or two, 
died, or were killed by the winter. In the 
summer of 1850 I set several buds of the 
pear, rather. early, both on pear and on 
quince stocks. Some of both started, and 
grew from half an inch to five or six inches, 
and during the present summer both appear 
to be doing equally well. Some that fnere- 
ly put out leaves without growing further, 
remained alive during the winter, but re¬ 
fused to start in the spring. The same is 
true of several buds of the apple. So far 
as my experience goes therefore, I see no 
essential difference between those that grow 
tlie same season and those that do not. If 
they grow at all, however, the more they 
grow, the better. h. 
Down East, Aug. 1851. 
REMEDIES FOR GARDEN PESTS. 
Messrs. Editors: — Your correspondent, 
Mr. R. G. Pardee, asks for some remedy, 
or for “some light” on the subject of “ Gar¬ 
den Pests;” as bugs, worms, &e. Myrem- 
emedy for “ bugs on vines,” (Rural, page 
225,) I have found effectual for the small 
“ black worm or snail,” on leaves, using 
ashes instead of plaster. This will answer 
for “ pests” generally, except on tender 
plants; which it will frequently destroy. 
Ants are harmless in any garden, except 
as associated with the aphis. I have some¬ 
times destroyed or “ banished ” them, by 
one or two applications of urine, undiluted. 
(This will also kill tender plants.) 
I have not tried any remedy for the gar¬ 
den snail, or slug, as I have not discovered 
that it does any harm. Is it certain that it 
does? If not, I see no necessity for de¬ 
stroying it. If it does, try the above reme¬ 
dy ; i. e., ashes and turpentine. 
Allow me to ask Mr. P., if he allows the 
birds uninterrupted and undisturbed access 
to his garden; or does he shoot all that 
come within his reach? The latter is the 
practice of some of my good (?) neighbors, 
who after destroying the birds, complain 
that the worms destroy their gardens. In 
my garden the birds have full liberty, and 
I am not aware that anything has suffered 
except from wire worms, and the green 
aphis. h. 
Down East, August, 1851. 
To Prolong Flowering in the Poppy. 
— Cutoff the capsules (seed vessels,) as 
soon as the petals fall, and if the plants are 
thrifty, they will produce new flowers till 
late in the season. What would go to ma¬ 
ture the seed will spend itself in the pro¬ 
duction of new flowers. h. 
The depredations of birds are highly 
compensated by the services they render in 
preying upon insects. 
: FRUIT TREES BY THE ROADSIDE. 
The practice of setting out fruit trees by 
the roadside cannot be too highly recom¬ 
mended. In many parts of Europe this 
practice is general, and the fatigued trav¬ 
eler acknowledges the well-timed hospitali- 
i ty thus afforded him. The excuse is often 
! made that the fruit will he stolen; but if 
i the practice were general, the amount of 
1 fruit taken by' wayfarers would only be 
I what common hospitality would freely grant; 
| and in Germany every third tree, by cus- 
j tom, may be tabooed; (the owner of the ad- 
i joining farm ties a piece of rag to one of 
j the lower limbs of the tree, and no trav- 
! eler will touch it. 
Travelers inform us that no reward will 
•tempt a German stage-driver to regale his 
passengers from a marked tree. The amount 
of fertilizing material continually wasted 
upon roads would be available by such a 
practice, and nothing but extreme selfish¬ 
ness will prevent the use of these materials 
for public benefit. Many of the larger sort 
of fruit trees are highly ornamental and af¬ 
ford fine shade, while the use of fruit trees 
alone for shade, like the display of costly 
mansions, only excite the poor to envy, 
without adding materially to their comfort 
or health.— Working Farmer. 
A Succession of Strawberries. —The 
following is a good succession of strawber¬ 
ries for a long period: Early Virginia, Hov- 
ey’s Seedling, Jenny’s Seedling, and Wil¬ 
ley. We had fruit from these for nearly five 
weeks. These varieties are all great bear¬ 
ers, and the fruit is excellent; excepting 
the fruit of the Willey, which is pretty 
good. They are all remarkably vigorous 
and hardy, excepting Hovey’s Seedling; 
this needs to be planted thick, as it does 
not form runners or offsets so fast as the 
other varieties, and it is also rather liable to 
be winter killed.— N. E. Farmer. 
GREEN BEANS, PEAS, &c, IN WINTER.! 
A gentleman says that he saw in Janu¬ 
ary, >/reen peas as succulent to all appear¬ 
ance, as they were when plucked from the 
vine some five or six months before. The 
mode of preparing them is, to pick, when 
of the proper size for eating, shell and care- 
dry on cloths in the shade. All the care 
necessary is to prevent them from mould¬ 
ing; this done they will be fine and sweet 
the following spring. Beans may be pre¬ 
served in the same way, with perfect suc¬ 
cess. 
Green corn may be preserved in (he fol¬ 
lowing manner. Pluck the ears of green 
corn when lit for boiling, strip off the husks 
and throw the ears into a kettle of boiling- 
water; leave them in until the water boils 
over them, when they must be taken out; 
shell off the corn by running the prong of 
a fork along the base of the grain, holding 
the ear with one end against the breast; 
this is more expeditious, and saves all the 
grain including the heart or germ, which is 
the sweetest part. 
After being thus prepared, it must be 
spread out thin on cloths in a shady, airy 
place to dry ; it should be stirred every day 
until dried thoroughly. When cooked, it 
should be put in cold water and boiled off. 
When the water is nearly off a little milk 
added to it will improve the taste. 
Beans, peas, and green corn will retain 
their original flavor more perfectly by be¬ 
ing preserved in hermetically sealed cans. 
HUSK BEDS. 
No one who has not tried them, knows 
the value of husk beds. Straw beds and 
mattrasses would be entirely done away 
with if husk beds were once tried. They 
are not only more pliable than mattrasses, 
but are more durable. The first cost is but 
trifling. To have husks nice, they may be 
split after the manner of splitting straw for 
braiding. The finer they are split the soft¬ 
er will be the bed, although they will not 
be likely to last as long as when they are 
put in whole. Three barrels full, well 
stowed in, will fill a good sized tick, that is, 
after they have been split. The bed will 
always be light, the husks do not become 
matted down like feathers, and they are 
certainly more healthy to sleep on. 
Feather beds ought to be done away 
with, especially in warm weather. For 
spring, summer and fall, husk beds ought 
to be “all the go ;” and such undoubtedly 
will be the case, when they are once 
brought into use. There is no better time 
to procure husks than when the corn is 
being harvested, and the husks will be much 
nicer and eleanty when corn is cut up at 
the bottom and put in shocks. They do 
not become so dry and weather beaten. It 
is calculated that a good husk bed will last 
from twenty-five to thirty years. Every 
farmer’s daughter can supply herself with 
beds (against time of need,) at a trifling 
expense, which is quite an inducement now- 
a-days. 
A pound of beef loses one quarter by 
boiling and an ounce more by roasting. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending Aug. 19, 1851. 
To Ransom Cook, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y., 
for improvement in ventilating and excluding dust 
from Railroad ears. 
To A. R. Davis, of East Cambridge, Mass, for 
improvement, in the manufacture of brushes. 
To II. H. Huntley, of Cincinnati, Q., for im¬ 
provement in conking stoves. 
To Richard Long, of Columbus, O., for im¬ 
provement in brick machines. 
To Nicholas Mason, of Roxbury Ma.se., for im¬ 
provement in cooking ranges. 
To John Mercer, of Oakeashaw, England, for 
improvement in chemical processes for fulling veg¬ 
etable and other textures. Patented in England 
Oct. 24, 1850. 
To Ira 11. Person &. J. L. Ilrockett, of Baltimore 
Md., for improvement in registers for omnibus 
drivers. 
To Hartwell Stanley, of Wilmington, Vt., for 
improvement in boot crimps. 
To Geo. West, of Tyringham, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in pulp screens. 
To A. S. Hoslev, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in Ships’ model measurer. 
DESIGNS. 
To Aaron Cook, of Newtown, Conn., for design 
for ladies’ combs. 
WROUGHT-IRON BEAMS FOR STEAM 
ENGINES. 
The beams of steam engines, as most 
people are aware, have hitherto been made 
of cast iron, which is liable to break. The 
attempt to make them of malleable iron has 
never been dreamed of; and when we state 
that rolled beams are now to be seen at the 
depot of the York, Newcastle, and Berwick 
railway, the announcement will be received 
in many quarters with surprise, if not in¬ 
credulity. We saw 'the monster plates, 
however, with our own eyes—the largest 
plates ever yet roiled—measuring seven¬ 
teen feet in length, four feet eight inches in 
breadth at the widest part, and one and 
one-eight inch in thickness. Each plate 
weighs upwards of one ton four cwt.— 
These plates were manufactured at the Der¬ 
went Iron Works, Consett, and are on their 
way to Messrs. Todd & Macgregor’s works 
in Glasgow, to form part of a large marine 
engine. They are much lighter, and con¬ 
sequently less cumbrous, than the ordinary 
cast-iron beams, and infinitely safer. — Lon¬ 
don Mining Journal. 
A NOVELTY IN ARCHITICTURE. 
We examined on Saturday, a new mode 
of building houses, introduced into these 
parts by 0. S. Fowler, the Phrenologist, 
who is fitting up a splendid mansion in his 
new style. The walls are composed of slate, 
gravel and lime, mixed together and laid in 
boxes, which are raised up as the walls they 
form become firm enough to receive an¬ 
other layer. In this way, Mr. Fowler has 
raised walls four stories high, on a mud) 
less cost than by any other plan. His de¬ 
sign is of octagon shape, eighty feet in di¬ 
ameter, with water, waste and gas pipes in¬ 
serted into the walls. There is to be a 
large reservoir on the roof to receive rain¬ 
water for bathing and other purposes.— 
There is a large ice-house on the north side, 
also connected with the wall, which is as 
firm as the rock on which it stands. All 
the rooms are angular, presenting a unique 
but pleasing appearance.— JV. Y. Tribune. 
HORSE POWER DITCHING MACHINE. 
Mr. Ciias. Bishop, of Norwalk, Ohio, has 
invented and taken measures to secure a 
patent for a good improvement in Ditching 
Machines, whereby the old spade method 
of ditching by manual power is entirely 
thrown into the shade. His machine is 
worked by horse power, and is provided 
with a revolving excavator, the shaft or axle 
of which lies in the direction of the length 
ot the ditch. Ihe excavator is of a screw 
form, and is operated by an endless chain. 
The ditch is cut of a semi-circular form, 
and it deposits the cut clay or other kind 
of excavated earth in a box, from whence 
it is delivered at one side on the road by 
scrapers attached to the endless chain, the 
machine being propelled forward by a fric¬ 
tion wheel or roller moving in the ditch and 
operated by the excavator shaft. — Sci. Am. 
Improved Rotary Pump.— Mr. L. II. 
Moseley, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. has invent¬ 
ed and taken measures to secure an im¬ 
provement in rotary pumps. This has 
some points of resemblance to the eccentric 
pump, it being nearly the same, but has its 
interior wheel hung concentrically on its 
axis, but works eccentrically in the inside of 
the cylinder in combination with pistons or 
sweeps hung on the pin concentric with the 
cylinder.— Sci. Am. 
A number of watches are at the World’s 
Fair, one of winch goes a year, another 
shows the time to a sixth of a second, and 
a third (a second watch) is made of ivory, 
with gold screws and steal moving powers. 
It works in ten rubies, and weighs, (glass 
and vase included.) only half on ounce. 
MARBLE STAINING. 
This art, which is practiced to some con¬ 
siderable extent, in rendering more rich and 
beautiful many of the harder kinds of mar¬ 
ble, appears to have been known at an ear¬ 
ly date, even as far br*ck as 16GG—it was 
practiced by a Mr. Bird, a stone cutter at 
Oxford, although his method is not record¬ 
ed. More subsequently Mr. Robert Cham¬ 
bers, of Minehinhampton, in Gloucester¬ 
shire, (Eng.) discovered and practiced a 
method of staining marble of various colors, 
which he called a secret. The colors were 
so well and intimately combined with the 
marble, that Da Costa, who tried many ex¬ 
periments on several specimens of marble 
stained by this artist, found it impossible ■ > 
remove them even by boiling in a strong- 
alkaline solution. Since then the art has 
been known and practiced by many as a 
secret, which lias piovcd to those engaged 
in it as a very lucrative employment. 
Kircher, we believe was the first writer 
that has given publicity to any thing prac¬ 
ticable in regard to the operation. Meet¬ 
ing with stones in some cabinets supposed 
to be natural, but with figures so peculiar 
and nice as to lead him to wonder at their 
beauty and form, he was led to examine 
them more particularly, and found that not 
only the surface, but the whole thickness 
was perforated by the colors. He at once 
suspected the truth, and sought - out the 
person who executed the work, and endeav¬ 
ored to learn from him the secret. This he 
could not obtain on any terms, as the artist 
considered the secret too valuable to part 
with on any conditions. Foiled in this at¬ 
tempt, he at once with a Saxon named 
Gunter, by numerous experiments, succeed¬ 
ed in producing the same results. 
They used aqua-fortis and aqua-regia 
and sal ammoniac, two ounces ot each of 
the two former, and one ounce of the latter, 
together with two drachms of spirits of wine, 
twenty-six grains of gold and two drachms of 
pure silver. They calcined silver, put it in 
a glass vessel and. poured tlie aqua-fortis 
upon it, and the mixture left to evaporate. 
The gold was put into another vessel, aqua- 
regia poured upon it, and when dissolved 
this mixture was also evaporated. Next, 
the spirits of wine was put upon the sal 
ammoniac and evaporated in the same man¬ 
ner. After evaporation the remainder or 
coloring matter of the several mixtures, 
which was about the consistence of paint, 
was applied without the consistence of heat, 
by tracing the figures with a pencil on the 
marble, the several parts being touched 
over with proper colors. This operation 
was renewed daily until they had penetra¬ 
ted to the desired depth into tin* stone.— 
The block or mass, after being thus prepar¬ 
ed, may be cut into thin slabs or plates, all 
of which will have the perfect representa¬ 
tion of the figure or form delineated on the 
surface, as the colors do not spread as they 
penetrate the block. The most beautiful 
method of staining by this process is to ap¬ 
ply the colors to each slab separately, on 
the back, and not permit them to pene¬ 
trate entirely through the stone, but just 
deep enough to be seen through the sur¬ 
face on the front after being polished, which 
process, if skillfully performed, is exceed¬ 
ing beautiful, and most perfectly resembles 
veins of delicate color on natural stone. 
The most common method now practiced, 
however, is by means of heat to open the 
pores of the marble so as to render it bet¬ 
ter fitted to receive the colors. Marble of 
the hardest kind is to he selected, perfectly 
free from seams or veins, and very finely 
polished. This is heated to a degree just suf¬ 
ficient to make the staining color boil on its 
surface. The solvents used to strike in the 
colors, must be varied according to the color 
used. For a blue, stone blue is dissolved 
in spirits of wine; for a bright red, Vermil¬ 
lion dissolved in the same; for a darker 
shade still, finely powdered cochineal may 
used; also dragon’s blood and a tincture of 
logwood for the darkest shades. A fine 
color is also obtained from alkanet root used 
with oil of turpentine, as alcohol will not 
mix with this substance. 
The Staining of marble to any degree of 
red or yellow may be produced by drag- 
; on’s blood or gamboge, reduced to powder 
and ground with spirits of wine in a glass 
mortar, anti the tincture applied to the 
stone with a pencil. These tracings will, 
on heating the marble, penetrate very deep 
and remain perfectly distinct. A slight 
tincture of dragon’s blood alone, without 
heat, will be sufficient to produce a pale 
flesh color, which, for some purposes is very 
desirable. If a very deep or intense color 
is required a little pitch added to the tinc¬ 
ture gives it the desired effect. This art is 
one of peculiar nicety, and when properly 
executed is exceedingly beautiful, and may 
be varied or extended to almost any degree 
by those who become adepts in the business. 
—Farmer and Mechanic. 
I)r. Scokesby, states as the result of his 
investigations, that the highest waves of the 
Atlantic average 45 feet; the mean distance 
between each wave 559 feet; width, from 
crest to crest, 600 feet; interval of time 
between each wave, 16 seconds; velocity, 
32 and a half miles an hour. 
Power is less as velocity increases. 
