MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
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BLIND AND SASH LOCKS- 
Ik examining the various small but important ar¬ 
ticles on exhibition, we discover many worthy of 
notice, but want of space precludes us from doing 
justice to this or any other department. Among 
the sash and blind locks, we particularly observed 
a very neat and useful improvement by W. Race 
& Co., expensive manufacturers of Stoves, &c., at 
Seneca Falls. N. Y. ’ The accompanying figures, 
and annexed description, will give the reader a 
clear idea of this improvement: 
Fig. 1. 
CHINESE HOG. 
E AHIBl 1 ION or SWINE. with a liberal sprinkling of natives. Among oth- 
- ers, we notice some fine Chinese Hogs, exhibited 
The “ swinish multitude” are on hand, and their by Mr. Dei,afield, President of the Society. The 
corner of the show is not the least in dignity, above figure portrays a good specimen of the Chi- 
weight and substance. Though the pork crop is nese variety. “ They vary in appearance, size, 
not as abundant hero as at the west, there are per- shape, and color, from diversity in breeding, and 
haps as good specimens on the Fair Ground as the various regions from whence they are derived, 
our western friends can exhibit. The show in- They are rather too small for general use, and re- 
cludes representatives of the various breeds—Lei- quire to bo mixed with larger breeds to produce 
cester, Chinese, Berkshire, and their crosses &c., the most profitable carcass for market.” 
STEAM PLOW. (Fig. 1.) 
JONES’ DOUBLE REACH FOR CARRIAGES. 
The advantages of a recent invention—Jones’ and repeat the remark there made viz :—“ We do 
double reach—are exhibited at the Fair, by the not profess sufficient knowledge of the subject to 
proprietors of the patent, Messrs. Hendrick <fc speak authoritatively in the premises, but we cer- 
French, of Clyde, N. Y., by a well-built carriage tainly never saw any other carriage possessing the 
to which it is applied. For a more particular no- apparent advantages of this one, and commend 
tice we would refer to our paper of August 26, the improvement as worthy of examination.” 
Figure 1 is a perspective view, and figure 2 is a 
verticle transverse section of the blind or window- 
shutter closed with the lock in its catch. A is the 
blind or window shutter. The lock is composed of 
a vibrating latch or sneck, b b, to catch on the out¬ 
side of the wall to retain the blind when it is open. 
This sneck passes through the blind, A, at i. i, and 
is retained in its place by metal pieces, a, d, above 
— a, a, c, below the sneck, represent the catch of 
the lock for the inside. This catch is secured to 
the blind inside, and c is the catch or sneck of the 
same form as the reverse catch, b, above. On the 
bottom board, h, (fig. 1) of the window sash, is se¬ 
cured a vibrating metal loop, e; it rocks slightly on 
the curve at/, (fig. 2.) It is now represented in 
both figures, ns being hooked over the catch, c .— 
By pressing with the finger on the solo, e, inside of 
/, the loop at the outside, e, will be thrown up and 
the blind or shutter can be thrown open; the loop 
Fig. 2. 
HORTICULTURAL MACHINERY AND TOOLS. 
There is a fine display in this department, and 
the various well formed and neatly finished articles 
are closely observed by the numerous fruitgrowers 
present. The shovy embraces every thing required 
in horticultural operations, from a garden engine 
i to a budding knife, and should be carefully noticed 
I by our nurserymen, f. uit growers, and professional 
j and amateur gardeners. 
In our country no attempts, so far as we are 
aware, have yet been made to plow by steam, nor 
has the time yet arrived for its economical use ; in 
some localities, however, the time xx ill yet arrive, 
when serious thoughts will be turned to its employ¬ 
ment, as is now the case in Britain. 
Indeed the day is not distant when American far¬ 
mers will use the steam plow—if aot exactly in the 
form represented in the vignette heading of the 
Rural. 
The accompanying engravings represent a steam 
plow, invented a short time ago by Messrs. George 
Calloway, and Robert A Purkis, of Putney, Eng¬ 
land, and which has been somewhat highly spo¬ 
ken of. 
The mechanism of this steam plow is divided into 
two distinct parts. 1st, the plowing ; 2nd, the loco¬ 
motive part; to avoid confusion erch part must be 
explained separate ; 
The plowing part mainly consists of an endless 
chain, supported and driven by two sets of chain 
wheels, to which chain are fastened th<> plows, and 
consequently advance with it, which operation is 
accomplished in the following manner ; 
Fig. 1 represents an end elevation, and fig. 2 a 
side elevation; the same letters denote correspond¬ 
ing part9 in either figure. 
A is a wrought iron frame, eighteen feet long, 
supporting on each end an axle, on which are keyed 
three cast-iron chain wheels, 15, round which is 
passsed the endless chain, C. This chain is eight 
cen inches broad, composed of two sets, nine inches 
wide, seen at B B 15, fig. 2; on the outside of this 
chain are fixed four plows, 11,2 2, in such a man¬ 
ner that 1 1 revolving on the same set, 2 2, B, fig. 
2, does so in the same manner. D D, are two hol¬ 
low 7 wrought iron stanchions, firmly keyed and 
stayed to the framework of the locomotive at E d. 
The entire length of these stanchions is turned per¬ 
fectly true, on which slide the four guides, F, into 
which are firmly keyed the two hollow tubes. G. 
The two upper guides, F, are cast in one piece with 
across head,/, and the lower guides, F, with the 
diagonal stays, a a. These combinations of parts 
are firmly fastened to the frame, A. 
II H, are two screws working into the upper 
guides, F F. On the upper part of these screws 
are fixed two bevelled wheels, l, which receive ro¬ 
tary motion from the handle, k, which will cause 
the framework. A, with the chain, C,and plows to 
rise and fall at the will of the attendant. 
L L, fig. I, are a pair of oscillating steam engines 
fitted to the cross head, /, and moving with the 
parts just described. M, is a shaft in connection 
vx iih the crank of the engines, driving a pair of bev¬ 
elled wheels, N, one of which is fastened to the 
HAY, STRAW AND CORN STALK CUTTERS, j 
Prominent among the agricultural implements | 
with which the fair ground is thronged, and of 
course attracting their full share of attention, are 
the Hay, Straw aim Cornstalk Cutters. Here one 
can readily find machines of varied combinations, 
and such principle and construction ns cannot fail 
of meeting any reasonable want, — the whole 
forming in the cutting line a grand menagerie, to 
which the ingenious mechanics of Western New 
York have contributed a commendable share, aid¬ 
ed and abetted by their fellow craftsmen from the 
east and the west. 
Conspicuous in the collection are those manu¬ 
factured by Burrall, Catchpole, Densmore, 
Rich, Stevens, and Smith, together with a mul¬ 
titude of all sizes from Noursi: &. Mason, and 
some fine samples of Ilovey’s patent, made by 
Messrs Watrous & Osborne, of Auburn, N. Y., 
They are similar in construction, having knives 
set upon the circumf3rence of a cylinder or arbor, 
and cutting against a hide roller. Phis method of j 
cutting is, we think, generally admitted to be ex¬ 
peditious, easy and satisfactory. Those made by 
R. N. &. M. have “ straight knives placed diago- ! 
nally on the arbor and fastened at the end by caps.” 
These can be taken out bv removing the cap, and 
require careful grinding and adjusting to keep the 
whole true, and in good cutting order. The in - 
chines exhibited by Messrs. Watrous and Os¬ 
borne —Hovey’s Spiral Hay Cutter—have spiral ^ 
knives fastened to the cylinder, independent of ’ 
each other by in eans of slots and screws, 
which admit of their being taken out separately 
and sharpened as desired, and eacli knife is provi¬ 
ded with convenient adjusting screws to regulate 
them for wear and tear of grinding and use. It 
has long been a matter of argument which shape 
of knife is best adapted to perform the work with 
ease and precision, but it is now a settled principle 
that the nearer they can be guided in the plane of 
intended division, the better they work. These 
knives are shaped and fitted in accordance with 
this rule. 
The implements exhibited by Messrs. W. & O. 
embrace all the latest improvements, and do credit 
to their enterprise in furnishing the farmers of this 
section of the State, with a reliable hay cutter, 
and we take pleasure in commending them to the 
notice of those interested. t 
A Scuppernong Grape, says a North Carolina 
paper, was shown us a few days since which meas¬ 
ured four inches in circumference, and weighed 
half an ounce. 
The garden engine is conspicuous among other 
articles designed for use by the worshippers of Po¬ 
mona nnd Flora. This machine is coming into use 
in gardens, nurseries, &c. It is a capital aid in dry 
weather,—as the water thrown into the air falls in 
the form of spray, and becomes of similar temper¬ 
ature as though from a rain cloud. It is also ser¬ 
viceable as a portable fire engine. 
GARDEN ROLLER. 
This is a neat and most valuable implement. It 
M made entirely of iron. The cylinder is cast in 
parts, 2<> inches in diameter and 12 inches long. 
The handle is of wrought iron, confined to the ar¬ 
bor; to the arbor is attached inside of the cylinder, 
a counter balance, which adds weight to the instru¬ 
ment, so that the handle can stand upright when 
not in use. 
AGRICULTURAL SONG. 
BY TRISTRAM BCROES5. 
With the Pioneer Axe, what a conquest is made; 
What a field from the forest is won: 
What regions, reduced from the wilderness shade. 
Are now warmed in the beams of the sun. 
From the rock where our fathers in exile first landed, 
Their clearing, from river to river, has spread; 
And mountains, and plains, by their sons are commanded 
Till now on the beach of Pacific they tread. 
What farm for a nation to cultivate now! 
And gather the wonderful harvest it yields; 
’Tis an Empire, reduced to the Sickle and Pl*w, 
An empire of gardens,? nd orchards, and fields. 
The Plow and the Sickle shall shine bright ia glory, 
When the Sword and the Sceptre shall crumble in rust; 
And die farmer shall live, both in song and in story. 
When warriors and kings are forgotten in dust. 
then drops down hy its own weight as the distance 
from the sneck, e, to tho axis, / is much greater 
than from / to the sole, e. The blind locks itself 
as follows; It will be seen, in figure 1, that the 
point of the catch, c, is an inclined plane; the bot¬ 
tom of the loop, e, is a reverse incline; therefore 
when the blind is drawn in, the point, c, slides un¬ 
der the loop, e, until it passes the notch of the 
catch, when tho loop drops down by its own grav¬ 
ity, and the blind is locked as now represented in 
the above figure. This is a very cheap and neot 
blind lock. They are sold for 75 cents per dozin 
pair, for wood, or 87£ cents for brick. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the vieek ending Sept. 2, 1851. 
To S. S. Young, (assignor to J. R. Stephen,) of 
Eaton, O., for improvement in rules for calculating 
machines. 
To T. M. Chapman, of Old Town, Me., for im¬ 
proved saw-filing machine. 
To Junius Foster, of Green Point, N. Y., &. Da¬ 
vid Marsh, of Bridgeport, Conn., (assignor to Ju¬ 
nius Foster, of Green Point,) for improvement in 
method of securing wheels to axles. 
To Conrad Harris & P. W. Zoiner, of Cincinna¬ 
ti. Ohio, for improvement in double oven stoves. 
To Charles Hobbs, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in moulding and casting stereotype 
plates. 
To J C. Kempton, of Manayunk, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in drying nnd oxidizing colored goods. 
To John Moulson, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in mercury baths for photographic pur¬ 
poses. 
To Wm. Irwin, of Philadelphia, Pa., for improx'- 
ments in metiiod of raising Sunken Vessels. 
To Edwin Stanley, of Bennington, N. Y., for 
improvement in the construction of bridges. 
To W. 15, Tilton, of Carrollton, Ala., for im¬ 
provement in the construction of violins, etc. 
To Nathan Chapin, of Syracuse, N Y., for im¬ 
provement in cider mills. 
To C. S. Bulkley, of Macon, Gu., for improve¬ 
ment in circuit changes of elcctro-magnetic tele¬ 
graphs. 
additional improvements. 
To Frederick Planner, of Providence, R. I., for 
improvement in preparation of dye-stuff from spent 
madder. Original patent dated Sept. 13, 1845. 
designs. 
To Calvin Fulton, of Rochester, N. Y., for de¬ 
sign for stove plates. 
To P. M. Hutton, of Troy, N. Y., Design for 
cast-iron bedstead. 
To D. A. W. James of Now York, N. Y., for de¬ 
sign for stoves. 
To S. H. Sailor, of Kensington, Ta., (assignor 
North, Harrison &. Chase, of Philadelphia, Pa.,) 
for designs for stoves. 
To Silas Merchant, of Cleveland, O., for design 
for stoves. 
To James Hutchinson, of Troy, N. Y., (assignor 
to Deborah Powers, A. E. & N. B. Powers, of Lau- 
singburgh, Pa,,) for design for floor oil cloths. 
Fig. 2. 
chain wheel. B, b, by which means a rotary motion 
is given to the endless chain, C, causing the plows 
to advance in the direction of the arrow. At the 
bottom of the wrought-iron framework, A, is 
formed a channel or guide for the antifriction rol 
lers, fixed to the chain to run in, causing the plow s 
to travel in the path assigned for them. It wall be 
seen, as far as described, that a double row of fur¬ 
rows can be cut twenty feet long at any required 
depth within range of the machine, which is eight¬ 
een inches. To complete tfie process of plowing 
brings us to the second, or locomotive part, lor 
which purpose the machine is made to advance pro¬ 
gressively at right angles, away from the furrows 
already cut, and is accomplished in the following 
manner:— 
O O, are tw 7 o cast iron wheels, eighteen inches 
broad, in conjunction with tw o others, P, the axles 
of which support and carry the whole machine.— 
O CL are the two driving wheels, driven by the 
means of a combination of wheel work, S S, re¬ 
ceiving primitive motion from the engine direct.— 
This combination of wheels is so adjusted that, for 
one revolution of the chain, which plows up four 
furrows twenty feet long each, the machine will 
have advanced progressively thirty six inches.— 
This operation being continually repeated, the en¬ 
gine will leave before it a surface of twenty feet 
broad, cut to any required depth, and executed with 
mathematical precision. 
SMITH’S CORN SHELLER AND SEPARATOR. 
This machine consists of a horizontal toothed 
cylinder 6 feet long and one foot two inches in di¬ 
ameter. The ears of com in the operation, are 
confined to a part of the upper and rising sidd of 
this cylinder, by means of a cast iron concave ex¬ 
tending the whole length of the machine, and be- 
The lines or furrows thus cut will be slightly ob¬ 
lique, but may he made at right angles by placing 
the frame, A, at the required angle of tho frame¬ 
work of the carriage, E. 
The steering apparatus is of the ordinary con¬ 
struction as applied to all locomotives used on the 
common roadw ay. It w 7 ill be seen that if the frame 
A, was in one piece, it would be inconvenient to 
move from place to place. This objection is re¬ 
moved by the following method :—The framework 
is divided into three pieces, and connected by 
means of the joints, R R, w’hich enables the part 
connected with the chain wheels B B, to be turned 
up and closed together by means of racks and pin¬ 
ions, T T. U is the steam-pipe from the boiler, YV, 
fitted with moveable sockets to compensate for the 
rise and fall of the engine with which it is con¬ 
nected; t. is the coal box, and p, the water-tank; 
the arrow indicates the motion of the locomotive. 
In England it is estimated that the cost for steam 
power, is less by one-half than that for horses; in 
our country, even near the city of New York, the 
expenses would just be reversed. These things, 
however, are of interest to our great agricultural 
community. The locations where steam plowing 
will turn out to he the most advantageous, xvill be 
in the Southern States, in favored level locations, 
where fuel is xery cheap. The iron horse is not 
affected by heat, and his nerves and sinews do not 
require relaxation like those of the horse or mule. 
ing shox-eled or let into the machine, at one end, 
they are driven through, and the cobs discharged 
at the opposite end, while the grains fall below, 
being admitted on either side of the cylinder. The 
operation is governed by elevating or depressing 
the discharged end, which causes the machine to 
discharge the cobs fast or slow, and of course ope¬ 
rates more or less upon them; thus securing to the 
operator the power of finishing his work. This 
machine is capable of shelling two hundred bushels 
of ears per hour. They are very simple and strong 
in their construction. Price $50. 
