IL AND FAMILY JOURNAL 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTU 
PRIMARY SCHOOL HOUSES. 
few weeks since, we noticed a marked improve¬ 
ment in the style and finish of District School 
Houses, over those of five years ago. The mat¬ 
ter is important, and may very properly he urged 
upon the attention of the friends of education 
throughout the land. We propose to contribute, 
now and again, something towards spreading in¬ 
formation relative to School as well as Rural Ar¬ 
chitecture. The accompanying plan and descrip¬ 
tion of a Primary School House in Providence, 
R. I., we copy from Barnard’s School Architec¬ 
ture, a most valuable work: 
These buildings are located in different parts of 
the city, and are designed for the accommodation 
closed by a neat and substantial fence, six feet / 
high, and is divided into two yards—one for boys \ 
and the other for girls — with suitable out-build- { 
ings, shade trees, and shrubbery. 
The houses are each forty feet long by thirty- : 
three feet wide with twelve feet posts, built of 
wood, in a plain, substantial manner, and, with jj 
the fences, are painted white, presenting a neat and } 
attractive exterior. ) 
The entrance is into a lobby [A] and thence in¬ 
to an open area, where stands the stove [«]. A ( 
portion of the lobby is appro- ( 
i ^T l| printed to bins for charcoal ; 
-i |- 1 H [c] and anthracite [i/] which ) 
J f ■ - | H is the fuel used in all the j! 
_. _. Ill schools; the remainder [B] / 
--] — | j|| is occupied by a sink, and as < 
depositories for brooins,brush- 
-j | - 1 H es, &c. Each room is arch- 
,_ l|l ed, thereby securing an aver- S 
_| |_j|| age height of thirteen feet, !> 
^ P with an opening in the cen- ( 
li r | tre of the arch, two feet in S 
^ _, rW diameter, for ventilation.— \ 
_| [_j l| The ventilator is controlled < 
by a cord passing over a pul- 
Ij I ] Ip ley, and descending into the ( 
J-J \g room near the teacher’s desk ( ( 
[4]. In each end cf the at- < 
— 1—,—i | j tic is a circular window,which < 
~j f | id turning on an axis, can be | 
—* i'. —i—J p opened and closed by cords, 
~\ | | |^( in the same manner as the 
M vemilator. 
The teacher’s platform [C] 
is five feet wide, twenty feet 
.—. I][ long, and seven inches high, 
v j P with a black-board ten feet 
Vy_ ^ t\ l° ll g and three feet wide on 
the wall in the rear. 
jd- 'I'lie floor is of 1-J inch 
plank, tongued and grooved; 
and for the purpose of secu- 
P* ring warmth and firmness, 
H and avoiding noise, is laid on 
I j cement. 
The windows, eleven in 
number, of twenty-four lights 
of seven by nine glass, are 
hung with weights and fum¬ 
ade blinds. The 
FIRST HOMESTEAD OF A PIONEER. SETTLER. 
burned the brush, and corn, potatoes, beans, 
pumpkins, are growing among the logs. He has 
got a stick chimney added to his house. In the 
back ground of the picture, a logging bee is in 
progress ; his scattered pioneer neighbors, that 
have been locating about him during the winter 
and spring, have come to join hands with him for 
a day,and in their turns, each of them will enjoy 
a similar benefit. 
His wife, with her first born in her arms is out, 
looking to the plants she has been rearing upon 
some rude mounds raised with her own hands.— 
She has a few marvgolds, pinks, sweet williams, 
daffodils, sun flowers, hollyhocks; upon one side 
of the door a hop vine, and upon the other a morny 
ing glory. Knowing that when the cow came 
I fiom the woods there would come along with her 
‘ a swarm of musquitoes, she has prepared a 
Look now abroad! the scene how changed. 
Where fifty fieetitig years ago 
Clad in their savage costume ranged, 
The belted lords of shaft and bow. 
In praise of pomp let fawning Art 
Carve rocks to triumph over years, 
The grateful incense of the heart 
Give to our living Pioneers. 
Almighty! may thine out-stretched arm 
Guard through long ages, yet to be, 
From tread of slave, and kingly harm, 
Olr Eden of the Genesee. —[Hosmer. 
> Those who know the condition and look on the 
) productions of Western New York to-day, can 
l hardly imagine the contrast a few years since pre- 
) sented. This beautiful country, now the scene of 
I fertile farms, flourishing towns and thronged and 
' busy cities, within the memory of people yet living 
) was inhabited generally by Indians, but—then as 
■ n ow—was thought a region of unsurpassed beau- 
> ty and excellence. Where but in America can 
) such an achievement as that of our Pioneers be 
previous summer. The present season we have 
drawn at least eighteen tons of first rnte hay from 
the same meadow, and those who thought we were 
taking a great deal of pains, whijib. would never 
pay, now think the prospect good for a still larger 
crop next haying. R, S. Ransom. 
Butternut Hill, N. Y., Sept., 1851. 
MUCK FOR MANURE. 
mischief. You might just as well expect vegeta¬ 
tive action from electricity or gunpowder as from 
this article. The three conditions absolutely ne¬ 
cessary to he observed when designing to use it, 
make it inconvenient to employ, unless in small 
quantities. These conditions are. to put it in during a 
rain, immediately after a rain, or just before a rain. 
If these are not observed it will burn all before it. 
On the whole, I came to the conclusion, that on 
good soils, in good condition, it would not pay; but 
on poor soils, or worn-out soils, if carefully man¬ 
aged, its value is inestimable. In one such case, 
applied to ten acres of corn, eleven hundred meas¬ 
ured bushels was the product. To gardeners it is 
of great value, but the working farmer of small 
capital, must look before he leaps. 
) rierico of the past year in so doing, and the success 
/ attending it. 
A year ago, after the spring’s work was done, we 
’ drew' out what manure remained in the barn-yard 
) _about 75 loads—piling it in a round heap, and 
Z then procured from the woods 30 Ipads of muck, 
) covering the manure completely. During the sum- 
s mer, and in the lewery weather of haying and 
) harvest, we turned and mixed the whole thorough- 
) ly, again covering it with woods muck. In this 
> state it remained until the first snow in November, 
) when we spread 100 loads on a five acre meadow, 
| which yielded about six tons of inferior hoy the 
THE USE OF GUANO 
In addition to our remarks on Guano in last 
week’s Rural, we copy the following from the 
Penn. Farm Journal. The writer, Mr. Elwyn, 
has experimented largely in the use of Guano for 
various crops, and confirms our opinion that as ail 
application to worn out lands, its greatest value is 
to be attained, lie soys; 
I formed several conclusions from the resuls of 
my experiments, that I will take the liberty of giv- 
INTERIOR OF A PRIMARY SCHOOL HOUSE. 
sides of the room and entries are ceiled all round- 
with wood as high as the window-sills, which are 
four feet from the floor. The rest of the walls are 
plastered and covered with white hard finish.— 
Each room is provided with sixty seats [s] and * 
desks [£], placed in six ranges; each range con¬ 
taining ten seats and desks, of three different sizes, 
and each seat and desk accommodating two schol¬ 
ars, or one hundred and twenty in all. ^ . 
The centre aisle is three feet and a half wide, 
and each of the others about two feet. 
The desks are over three feet long, by sixteen the next 
inches wide with a shelf beneath for books. The also inch 
upper surface of the desk [*], except about two are of fo 
inches at the top £4], slopes one inch and a half ten in chi 
in a foot- in heigh! 
The front of the desk, constituting the back of : platform. 
■i 
DRAIN TILE MACHINE. 
Among the numerous representatives of the va- ] 
rious breeds of lino wooled sheep, the French and 
Spanish Merinos from Western New York, \er- 
mont, and other sections, ore prominent in the 
general exhibition. The Saxons and Southdown* 
also merit and receive much notice. \\ e are una¬ 
ble to speak in detail of the specimens exhibited, 
or even name, now, the flocks represented. 
The accompanying illustration was intended to 
represent (what it does not properly, being en¬ 
graved in haste,) some fine French Merinos belong¬ 
ing to David Halt., Esq., of Gaines, N. Y., and 
obtained by him from the Messrs. Bingham, of 
Vermont. They rank among the finest and best of 
the breed on the Fair Ground, and arc certainly 
worthy of more than a passing notice. We saw 
them in April last., with others of the same flock, 
and then stated in the Rural, that “ a buck and 
several ewes which wc examined were superior in 
size, as well as in the fineness and beauty of their 
in active operation in this State. Mr. Alvin Wil¬ 
cox of V’est Bloomfield, has one of them, and is 
largely engager! in the manufacture of Drain Tile, 
Pipe, &c. The Tiles are made of different sizes, 
two, three, and four inches high, with soles to 
match. The pipes vary from one to four inches in 
diameter, and larger sizes can be made if necessary. 
Mr. Wilcox has one of the Machines in operation 
on the ground, and its working and products de¬ 
servedly attract much attention. 
These Tiles are found to answer the desired ob¬ 
ject most admirably, and from their cheapness can¬ 
not fail to come into extensive use. in this way add¬ 
ing largely to the value, by increasing the produc¬ 
tiveness of the wet or retentive soils of the 
country. And such soils may be made by thorough 
draining, the best in cultivation, and their improve¬ 
ment by this means should be introduced exten- 
! sively wherever they exist- 
Draimng with Tiles of potter’s clay, of various 
forms and construction has for some time been ex¬ 
tensively practiced in Great Britain, and has brought 
into profitable cultivation thousands of acres here¬ 
tofore wholly or partinliy unproductive. Within 
the past few years the subject has received some 
attention in this country, and. convinced of its 
importance and utility we have sought in the 
Rural New-Yorker, to do our share tovynrds ex¬ 
tending tire knowledge of its advantages and re¬ 
sults, as well ns to give practical hints and details 
in regard to under-draining. A valuable report on 
this subject will be found on page 341 of our first 
volume. 
Above we give an engravjng of a Tile Machine, 
which has much facilitated the work of improve¬ 
ment by cheapening the materials most needed. It 
was first imported from England by President Del 
afield, but there are now several of the machines 
