330 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL 
Igrirnltnral Jims. 
MICHIGAN STATE FAIR. 
In the expectation of receiving, from an 
eye witness, an account of the Fair of the 
\ Mich. State Ag. Society,—held at Detroit 
on the 24th, 25th and 26th ult.,—we have 
; deferred preparing a notice from other au- 
' l thority ; and now, on the eve of putting 
j ( our paper to press, we can only give a para- 
] \ graph or two, founded upon meagre reports 
| ( in western exchanges. 
< As we anticipated, (and we judged from 
| personal knowledge of the enterprise and 
\ < progressive spirit of many farmers of the 
\ Peninsular State, as well other information,) 
( the exhibition was much larger and more 
> s numerously attended than either of its 
) - predecessors. The show throughout is 
> , spoken of as highly creditable, and as hav- 
, ing passed off very pleasantly to all inter- 
) < ested. 
> < From the amount received, we conclude 
> \ that the display of stock, particularly horn- 
> l ed cattle and sheep was not only creditable, 
; but very superior. The show of Devons and 
> ; Durhams, which was large, embraced many 
\ \ very fine animals. We notice- that Mr. F. 
] s V. Smith, of Coldwater, a breeder of De- 
] l vons (and who obtained his stock of Wm. 
j > Garbutt, of this county, and Mr. Beck, of 
i Wyoming,) was awarded the first premium 
> ) under six different heads—for best bulls, 
) \ # 7 
/ ) bull calves, cows, heifers, <fec. This speaks 
’> ; well for Western New York stock, and is 
creditable to friend Smith as a breeder and 
) manager. 
In a brief notice of the Fair, the Michi- 
\ ) gan Farmer remarks : 
“ Our State Agricultural Society has 
) s reached a point from which there can now 
) ’ be no retrograde, and there are no grounds 
l ■ for fears as to its continued permanent ex- 
> ; istence. There was not, all things consid- 
) ; ered, one single untoward occurrence to 
) > dampen the spirits of those who had made 
: ) up their minds to attend, or to repel the 
; out-gushings of the kindliest feelings there, 
> ) and through the whole time all things pass- 
,! . ed of well. The show of Cattle and Sheep 
i 1 was splendid—there were some of these 
) , animals on the ground which cannot be' 
, > surpassed in any part of the country. We 
\ ! have no way of determining the number 
: ’ of persons present but every public house 
) ) in the city was filled to overflowing, and a 
) ( great many were accommodated at private 
j \ houses. On the second day of the Fair, 
) > from early morn till sundown, the streets 
) \ from the city to the grounds, and for miles 
' ' out. were crowded with teams and footmen, 
; and all day long the buildings containing 
\ \ the articles on exhibition, were one solid 
) mass of men, women and children.” 
) ’ The annual address was delivered by 
| | Gen. Cass. It is spoken of by all parties, 
) ( as an able and eloquent effort—and the ex- 
j tracts we have read certainly warrant the 
< -encomium. ' 
> / 
> \ At the close of the Fair, the Hon. Jas. 
l B. Hunt was re-elected President of the 
l ! Society,—J. C. Holmes, Esq., of Detroit, 
> l Secretary, and II. H. Brown, Treasurer. 
^ . Executive Committee for ensuing year:— 
j ; Geo. C. Monroe, Jonesville; Wm. Spencer, 
' ( Ypsilanti ; W. Wright, Adrian ; Ira Phil- 
\ lips, Armada ; Jeremiah Brown, Battle 
\ l Creek ; A. Y. Moore, Kalamazoo ; W. H. 
■ ] Montgomery, Monroe; M. Shoemaker, Jack- 
< ) son; Titus Dort, Dearborn, and A. H. Hart, 
) \ Lapeer. 
< THE OHIO STATE FAIR. 
) - - 
j ( Tiie Second Annual Fair of the 0. State 
) ' Agricultural Society was held as announc- 
i ( ed at Columbus in three days of the last 
| ' week in September. All accounts repre- 
; ■ sent the exhibition as very creditable to the 
) state, though from the lack of travelling 
) and transportation facilities it was not as 
] { large at it otherwise would have been.— 
1 ! The show grounds were beautiful and well 
> . adapted to the purpose—and their arrange- 
> ^ ments admirable—-the only complaint arose 
) from the inexperience of the officers, clerks 
} \ efec., which could not well be prevented. 
: | In the stock department, that appropri- 
1 \ ated to Durham cattle was well filled, the 
’ < Sciota valley sending representatives from 
( l fine herds of this variety. There were a 
< ) few good Devons, and many excellent grade 
) ’ cattle. The show of sheep was extensive, 
\ embracing choice specimens, both native 
) ' and imported. The swine made a fair 
' ■ though not large show. Of Horses there 
!; I was a grand display. The celebrated Mor- 
- | gans had numerous representatives, and of 
£ blood stock there were many fine specimens. 
\ ( The poultry was an attractive feature. 
Mechanic’s Hall was very creditably filled, 
though much intended for exhibition there 
failed to appear from lack of means of 
transportation. Various mechanical inven¬ 
tions were displayed in full operation, 
hailing from other States as well as Ohio. 
This city was well represented. A new 
reaping machine (Cook’s Self-raker) was 
exhibited which cuts a 7-foot swarth and 
does its own raking,—and a multitude of 
farm implements gave evidence of the pro¬ 
gress of Agricultural improvement. 
There was not a large display of Domes¬ 
tic manufactures, but what was shown, was 
very honorable to the skill and enterprize 
of the exhibitors. Owing to the general 
failure of the fruit crop of Ohio, and the 
severe drought, Floral Hall was not as well 
filled as it otherwise could have been. The 
best fruits shown there, were from this city, 
and attracted much attention. The editor 
of the Ohio Cultivator had a large variety 
of specimens of wheat, barley, oats and 
grass, selected by him in Europe, upon 
which experiments will be made in this 
country. 
A severe storm of wind and rain demol¬ 
ish the speaker’s tent and detracted much 
from the interest of the addresses. The 
receipts of the fair are stated as about SL- 
OOO higher than last year. The next fair 
will be held at Cleveland. 
WISCONSIN STATE FAIR. 
Friend Moore :—The initial Cattle 
Show and Fair of the Wisconsin State Ag¬ 
ricultural Society—held at Janesville, yes¬ 
terday and the day previous—is numbered 
among the things that were, but its influ¬ 
ence for good, must be lasting. The appre¬ 
hensions of many of the officers and mem¬ 
bers that the fair might be a failure, are 
entirely dissipated by the result. On the 
contrary the show has been most creditable 
and satisfactory to all participants—fully 
demonstrating that the people of Wiscon¬ 
sin possess skill and enterprise of the right 
stamp, and that they are awake on the 
subject of “ progress and improvement” in 
the art which feeds and clothes all man¬ 
kind. 
The show grounds, embracing some 25 
or 30 acres, were well arranged, and very 
creditably filled or covered. In the centre 
was a capacious tent, for the exhibition of 
fruits’ flowers, fancy articles, &c. Near this 
was a large building for the display of ag¬ 
ricultural arid mechanical products. Upon 
two sides of the enclosure were stalls and 
pens, filled with cattle, sheep and swine. 
The remainder of the open area was ap¬ 
propriated to the show trial of horses, ag¬ 
ricultural implements and machinery, &c. 
The central tent was the great point of 
attraction, especially for ladies. The dis¬ 
play o( fruits and flowers was very fine, 
considering the season, and reflected much 
credit upon contributors. Of apples, pears 
plums, grapes and quinces there was a lib¬ 
eral and good display—mostly from Rock 
, and Milwaukee counties, though other sec- 
| tions were well represented. The tent also 
embraced a large and rich show of jewel¬ 
ry, daguerreotypes, and various small arti¬ 
cles of manufacture, combining the useful 
and ornamental. 
There was a very large display of agri¬ 
cultural implements and machinery—from 
reaping and threshing machines down to 
pitchforks and pruning knives. This de¬ 
partment of the exhibition received, as it 
eminently deserved, marked attention from 
the thousands in attendance. Wisconsin is 
doing considerable in the way of manufac¬ 
turing implements, and I noticed the prin¬ 
cipal establishments in Milwaukee, Beloit, 
Janesville, Watertown, and other places, 
were well represented. If we keep on, 
our people will soon have no occasion to 
pay tribute to the east for implements of 
any kind. 
Of the stock I cannot speak so advisa¬ 
bly, having less time to see than I wished 
or expected. But I saw more and better 
animals than I anticipated, and confess that 
no part of the exhibition caused me a more 
agreeable surprise. There was a large 
show of horses, eliciting much attention and 
commendation. 
The show of cattle, considering the cir¬ 
cumstances, (recollect Wisconsin is young, 
and our society in its first year,) was re¬ 
markable in numbers, quality and variety. 
Of Short-horns and Devons, particularly, 
there was a good representation-embracing 
superior animals in each class—while the 
natives and crosses also gave evidence of 
care and attention on the part of owners 
and breeders. 
The sheep pens were well filled. There 
were many excellent animals, especially 
among the Saxons and Merinos. The “old 
clo’ man” may come this way, for our peo¬ 
ple have the stuff for new rigs throughout 
—and when the new flax-cotton manufac¬ 
ture gets along, I reckon that we shall be 
still more independent. 
The swine I did not observe particularly, 
but believe there was a fair show. I had 
almost forgotten to mention that there was 
a fine display of butter and cheese; but as 
this is written in haste, I cannot particular¬ 
ize in any department, and must omit no¬ 
tice of some altogether. 
In conclusion, let me say that Wisconsin 
has made a highly creditable exhibition— 
showing the enterprise, skill and products 
of her Rural Population. The attendance 
has been unexpectedly large, while every 
thing has passed off satisfactorily. To the 
farmers of Michigan, Ohio, and even you of 
the Empire State, we send this greeting:— 
Wisconsin is no longer coming, but has 
arrived. Badger. 
Peloit, Wisconsin, Oct. 3,1851. 
ORLEANS COUNTY FAIR. 
The annual Fair of the Orleans County 
Agricultural Society was held at Albion on 
the 2d and 3d inst. The display of domes¬ 
tic manufactured goods, needle and fancy- 
work, was held in the warehouse of the 
Rochester and Niagara Falls Railroad, 
which though large, was inadequate for 
their full display. 
Our attendance at the Genesee county 
fair on the second, debarred us the pleasure 
of witnessing what was on all hands con¬ 
ceded to be the best show ever held in this 
county. We regret a practice prevails of 
removing everything from the exhibition 
room at the close of the first day, as many 
care not to be present until the second.— 
We heard frequent mention made of the 
extent and variety of this part of the show, 
giving the most pleasing and satisfactory 
evidence of the good taste and industry of 
the fair daughters of Orleans. Some beau¬ 
tiful wax flowers manufactured and exhib¬ 
ited by Mrs. Burleigh, and Miss Strong, 
of Albion, were such faithful copies of na¬ 
ture that the wisdom of Solomon would be 
required to judge of the difference. We 
also found remaining, some blank books and 
specimens of binding, from Phelps & Har¬ 
vey, of the same place, which at the State 
Fair would have deserved a silver medal. 
Vegetables were fairly and honorably rep¬ 
resented, as was the case with fruit, though 
we were unable to learn of anything new 
in either department. 
Farm implements, wagons, sleighs, har¬ 
nesses, and other heavy articles were placed 
under the long shed of the R. R. Co., and 
on the whole made a very satisfactory exhi¬ 
bition. We noticed an excellent farm wagon 
from Kendall, Ide’s Wheel Cultivator from 
Shelby and good plows and a gang plow from 
the manufactory of H. Curtis, of Albion. 
Straw cutters from Watrous & Osborne, 
and a full complement of Implements, in¬ 
cluding Eagle subsoil plows, Straw cutters? 
Hussey’s Reaper, from the Messrs. Rapalje, 
of this city. It is a matter of regret that 
the manufacturers of Western New York 
do so little toward supplying the home de¬ 
mand, when it can be as well and as cheap¬ 
ly done at their own doors as in any of the 
Eastern States or Eastern New York. 
There was some sixty horses on the 
ground, embracing very fine stallions, farm 
and carriage horses, young horses, and colts. 
Of neat cattle there were fifty entries, many 
of them being exceedingly fine, giving the 
best evidence that to this branch of farm 
husbandry much attention is given, and 
with good results. But twenty-nine sheep 
were presented, but what was deficient in 
quantity, was fully made up in quality, the 
list embracing French and Spanish Merinos, 
and half bloods, and a very good show of 
Saxons. Much improvement has been 
made in sheep, within a few years, and 
the efforts of Messrs. Hall, McAllaster, 
and others, will soon be crowned with de¬ 
served success. 
The swine were not a numerous family, 
but on the whole were a very select and 
genteel one, who continually grunted out 
the satisfaction good crops and benevolent 
feeders conferred upon them. They de¬ 
serve more attention, for no animal kept by 
farmers so richly repays the cost. Five 
teams were entered for the plowing match, 
which copious showers rendered anything 
but agreeable. The first premium was 
awarded to Jacob Iden, second to J. C. 
Brown, third to J. Young, all of the town 
of Gaines. The first two used Curtis’ plow 
No. 12, and the third Curtis’ No. 10. A 
premium was also awarded E. D. Carte, 
Barre, for plowing with a three horse team, 
Curtis’ plow No. 12. Premium on plows 
Hiram Curtis; “To J. Rapalje & Co., a 
premium of $2, for Corn Cultivator, none 
being exhibited, either made or owned in 
the County; also a diploma for 10 plows, 
consisting of field, subsoil, corn and sidehill 
plows, a good variety and well adapted for 
use.” The premium for the best farm was 
awarded to Artemas Loveland, of Barre. 
The courtesy and attention of Mr. H. B. 
Burleigh, and of the Secretary, J. G. 
Sawyer, Esq., has enabled us to make this 
report more full than could have been done 
from our own observations. The address 
was delivered by Hon. A. Babcock, of 
Gaines, and will, with the premium list, be 
published in pamphlet form. The Fair re¬ 
flects honor upon little Orleans, which, with 
nine towns made a show excelling some of 
much larger territory, a show of which any 
county might well be proud. I 
LETTER FROM STEUBEN COUNTY. 
Eds. Rural: —Tioga county, Pa., lately 
introduced and recommended to your read¬ 
ers by Mr. Morris, of Wellsboro, is bound 
to the State of New York, by the rivers 
which flow from thence, (the Tioga and 
Cowanesque, which with the Canisteo and 
Cowhocton form the Chemung river,) and 
all her unconsumed products are either car¬ 
ried down the valley of the Chemung, to 
New York city, or driven over the hills to 
the Philadelphia market. The iron horse, 
with strong and rapid flight, now courses 
through this valley and away up the Can¬ 
isteo, on the way to Dunkirk, and a Rail¬ 
road has long been finished up the Tioga, 
which brings down large quantities of coal. 
These, and the Buffalo and Cowhocton road, 
nearly completed, give to Steuben county 
an iron artery through each main thorough¬ 
fare, giving facilities for inter-communica¬ 
tion and export of produce rarely surpassed. 
The resources and productiveness of 
Streuben are little known abroad. It pre¬ 
sents to the wool grower, the cattle raiser, 
and the dairyman, facilities for the prosecu¬ 
tion of their business equalled by no other 
portion of the Empire State. This coun¬ 
ty has much good wheat land interspersed 
through its different parts. Yet the main 
and most profitable business must be found 
in the productions of our luxuriant and well 
watered pastures, and wealth-giving mead¬ 
ows. Fruit—all kinds that we cultivate— 
does well. Apples bring a large price if 
good, and will for many years. Our root 
crops cannot be better. 
If Steuben and Tioga do not some day, 
rival old Orange and Dutchess, it will be 
owing to their want of the spirit that im¬ 
proves, and not a lack of natural advan¬ 
tages. Farms can be bought within from 
6 to 10 miles of Corning, in Hornby, for 
$16, $20 and $40 per acre. Some farms 
of good land can be got for $10 per acre, 
under bad cultivation, fencing, (fee. I will 
answer any questions which persons wish¬ 
ing to make more particular inquiries may 
ask. Wm. II. Gardner, 
Hornby, September, 1851. 
A Great Yield. —We plucked in our 
garden, the present week, fourteen ears of 
sweet corn from the suckers which grew 
from a single kernel the present year. All 
were well filled with grain. Several of the 
longest ears had twelve rows of corn—one, 
the shortest, only six—but the majority 
was eight-rowed. We did not count the 
grains, but, from multiplying the inches in 
length (56) by the average number of 
grains to the inch, (40) we conclude there 
must have been over 2,200. The main 
stalk was broken off near the ground just 
before the tassel appeared. Several of the 
suckers bore two regular sets of ears each, 
and others one, while a number of well 
formed ears, grew on suckers without tas¬ 
sels.— Attica Atlas. 
Bones. —That world renowned chemist, 
Liebig, says that a single pound of bone 
dust contains as much phosphoric acid as 
one hundred pounds of wheat. From this 
we can easily perceive that there are bones 
wasted on every farm in the State sufficient 
to manure the entire wheat crop. This, to 
many, will appear strange, but it is never¬ 
theless true. 
FATTENING ANIMALS. 
The accumulation of fat or extra flesh, is 
accounted for on the supposition that it is “a 
deposit of superfluous nutriment, which, not 
being required by the system at one time, is 
laid by for future emergencies.” Hence, 
the larger the amount of food which a fat¬ 
tening animal can be made to consume dai¬ 
ly, with a good appetite, and to digest 
thoroughly, the greater will be the amount 
of flesh and fat gained, in proportion to the 
whole quantity of food consumed. 
The following hints should be observed 
in the treatment of fattening animals. 
1. They should be kept comfortable and 
quiet, and suffered to take no more exer¬ 
cise than is necessary for their health. Ail 
exercise, more than this, calls for an ex¬ 
penditure of food, which does not avail any 
thing in the process of fattening Every¬ 
thing which serves to make an animal un¬ 
easy and discontented, should be avoided, 
for under such circumstances they thrive 
but poorly. 
2. Where several articles of food are to 
be used, the least palatable and nutritious 
should be fed first and the most nutritious 
reserved to complete the process. 
3. They should be fed regular!}", and 
their food should be given in the proper 
quantity, so that none is wasted, and that 
the animal shall be in no danger of suffer¬ 
ing from surfeit on the one hand, or hunger 
on the other. Their food should be given 
by a careful and observing hand, and they 
should be closely watched, so that all their 
wants may be seasonably met. 
4. Their food should be suitable, and it 
should be suitably prepared. Nearly all 
domestic animals thrive better on a variety 
of food, and they become cloyed with a 
single article, when fed exclusively on it for 
a great length of time. Most farmers may 
very easily secure for all their fattening an¬ 
imals the requisite variety of food. Pota¬ 
toes and apples, or potatoes and pumpkins, 
boiled and mashed together, with the addi¬ 
tion of a little meal, may be used with ad¬ 
vantage for fattening swine. 
5. Care should be taken that animals do 
not become dyspeptic and unhealthy, as 
they sometimes do, owing to errors in feed¬ 
ing. The health of swine is promoted by 
supplying them with charcoal, while fat¬ 
tening. They are also more fond of food 
which has been slightly fermented, as they 
appear to fatten faster upon it, if it is fed to 
them in this state. 
6. For fattening neat cattle the advan¬ 
tage of cooking the food is not so great or 
so evident as it is in the case of swine. For 
the former, corn and cob meal, ground to¬ 
gether, is better than the corn alone—as 
the nutriment is diffused through a greater 
bulk, lays lighter in the stomach, and is 
more thorougly digested. For swine, 
the benefit of the cob is not so apparent ; 
although some prefer corn and cob meal 
for swiue. In whatever form we give In- 
. O 
dian corn to swine, there is considerable ad¬ 
vantage, we think, in having it boiled or 
steamed. Swine are said to be much more 
quiet, and consequently gain flesh much 
faster when fed on mush, or hasty pudding, 
well cooked, than when the same ingredi¬ 
ents are fed to them uncooked. Mr. Smi¬ 
ley, of this city, was quite successful, last 
season, in the use of boiled corn, (un¬ 
ground,) in fattening swine.— Me. Farmer. 
WHEAT CROP IN HEW YORK. 
For several years past the farmers in sev¬ 
eral of the River and Northern counties in 
this State, have been very unsuccessful in 
raising Wheat of a qualtity that would 
compare with that grown in the Valley of 
the Genesee ; and in some it has been im¬ 
possible to raise any on account of the in¬ 
sect. But this year a total change has ta¬ 
ken place. Dutchess, as well as Columbia, 
has raised Wheat sufficient to supply then- 
entire population for a year to come. A 
considerable amount has also been grown 
in Rensselaer and Albany, but to what 
amount we are as yet unadvised. The far¬ 
mers of old Washington now boast of grow¬ 
ing Wheat of the best quality; and it is 
confidently asserted by competent judges, 
that the quantity of Wheat raised in that 
county this season, will be more jthan suffi¬ 
cient to supply the entire population of 
Washington count) 7 for a year to come. It 
is a. well known fact that in some sections 
of the State a portion of the crop has been 
destroyed by the weevil, but more than a 
sufficiency has been raised in other parts of 
the State to make up the deficiency found 
to exist in those localities. In the State the 
crop is large, probably a full average, if not 
rather larger, than last year.— Alb. Jour. 
A physician in the Philadelphia Ledger, 
refers to the general deficiency of salt in 
the food of children, and especially the very 
young, those under one or two years, who 
are compelled to be fed. In their food you 
will always find abundance of sugar and 
very frequently no salt, or a mere trifle. I 
have made it a common rule, that when a 
child has to be fed, to tell the mother to 
sweeten the food with salt, and add only a 
little sugar to give it a taste, and I can say 
with thejiappiest results. 
Keep your fodder under cover. 
