MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
: ( 
j 
j 8 ( 
III 
HYBRID PERPETUAL ROSES. 
Without further comment I will proceed 
to enumerate some of the older varieties of 
this family; and amongst the best you will 
find the following noted for their fine form, 
free blooming, fine foliage, &c. 
Baron Prevost. —Deep rose, one of the 
largest and best; very beautiful, with fine 
foliage. 
La Reive. — Rosy lilac, large and beau¬ 
tiful ; of the same character as the above. 
Madam Laffay. —Dark crimson, or rosy 
carmine; large and full; equal to the above. 
Augustine Mouchelet. —A deep purplish 
red, free bloomer, in fine clusters, large 
and full. 
Edward Jesse. —Dark purple, vigorous, 
large and full. 
Marquis Bocella. —Delicate rosy blush, 
or light pink, fading to nearly white; free 
bloomer, and fine. 
Mrs. EViot. —Rosy red, very vigorous, 
fine flower and free jploomer. 
Melanie Corneo. — Rosy purple, very ful] 
and desirable. ■ 
Prince Albert.— Very dark crimson, fine 
and full. 
Lady Fadiviclc. —Dark rose, in fine 
clusters, large and full, much admired. 
Yoland de Aragon. —Light rose, or blush, 
blooming in fine clusters, full and double. 
j Du Roi— Light crimson, free bloomer, 
and very attractive. 
No one need be ashamed, of the above 
dozen of roses—they are all fine and pos¬ 
sess merit. • 
I will now enumerate some of the Bour¬ 
bon family, and will first notice a few of the 
rarer sorts, imported last spring from Eng¬ 
land. This class blooms as freely as any 
of the perpetuals but require some pro¬ 
tection. 
Apolline. —A beautiful, delicate, shaded 
rose color; a free growler, and much ad¬ 
mired. 
Aurore du Guide. —Variable; sometimes 
purplish crimson, at others crimson scarlet, 
when it is pre-eminently beautiful. 
Eugenia Breau.— Salmon color, finely 
shaped, full flower. 
Madam Angelina. —Somewhat similar 
to the above, but lighter color. 
Henry Clay (Boll.)—Clear carmine. 
General Oudinot. —Large and full; very 
beautiful crimson. 
George Cuvier.— Clear, dark rose, or 
cherry; very pretty and striking. 
Reines des Vierges. —Beautiful clear, 
light pink. 
Leveson Gower .—Deep rose or purple, 
large and full. 
Souchet.— Purplish carmine, very fine. 
Jupiter. — Very deep violet, crimson, 
beautifu.. 
Boquet de Flore. — Bright rose, very full 
and fine. 
Dr. Roques. —Beautiful crimson; much 
admired. 
Dupetil Thouars. —Dark crimson, showy 
and fine. 
Edward Deposses. —Dark pink,.large, 
full and fine. 
Lmperatrice Josephine. — Creamy white, 
or incarnate, fine. 
Lady Canning. —Deep rose, very large 
and fine. 
Madam Lachaame. — Blush white, splen¬ 
did. 
Paul Joseph. —Velvety crimson, beau¬ 
tiful. 
Proserpine. —Dark crimson, very hand¬ 
some. 
Souvenir Malmaison .— Blush white, su¬ 
perb. 
La Boquetiere. —Light pink, beautiful. 
Pierre de St. Cyr. —Light rose, very 
fine and showy. 
Emilie Courtier. —Deep rosy lilac, fine. 
Bourbon Queen. —Dawn shaded, very 
handsome and distinct. 
Grand Capatainc. — Brilliant scarlet, 
very distinct and showy, much admired, 
not very double. 
Enfant d’Ajaccio. —Brilliant, scarlet 
crimson. 
Compte d'Cee. —Brilliant carmine, dis¬ 
tinct. 
The above, Mr. Editor, in my opinion 
comprise all the best roses in our country, 
and I think in Europe also. I have had 
the great pleasure of seeing the abo 1 e re¬ 
peatedly in bloom during the season and 
my descriptions are from actual observation, 
compared with many others. No amateur, 
rose cultivator or gentleman wishing to add 
a few choice roses to his small collection, 
or to select even six or a dozen for his door 
yard or garden, can go amiss on any of the 
above. 
These two classes (Hybrid Perpetuals 
and Bourbons) are those most prized, and 
contain the greatest number. In my next 
I will describe the best and most rare Teas 
and Noisettes, and conclude with the China 
and Running roses. 
A. A. Fahnestock. 
Syracuse, N. Y., Sept., 1851. 
CULTIVATION OE STRAWBERRIES. 
Much has been written on the subject of 
the cultivation of strawberries, but I have 
seen little that is particular enough in its 
directions for practical use. When I com¬ 
menced their culture, for the first season, I 
weeded and attended them with considera¬ 
ble patience and care. The next spring 
they were full of weeds again, and I knew 
no other way and not root up my plants, 
but to pull them out by hand. It was a 
severe task, but we persevered, and our 
vines flourished so well that all who saw, 
admired them. Says one,—“You have a 
fine strawberry bed—it must be your soil is 
rightly adapted to them. I wish I could 
succeed as well, but my ground is not right 
—the weeds grow more than the vines— 
the ground gets hard, and I can’t do any 
thing with them.” I know a number who 
have failed in this way-and who really think 
their land will not produce strawberries. I 
will admit there is a difference in ground 
for growing them, but perseverance will 
most generally bring about fair results. 
I have tried a number of experiments to 
lessen the very great amount of labor which 
they seem to require, and have succeeded 
best by putting coarse manure on my beds 
in strips a foot apart from centre to centre 
—leaving about four inches vacant space 
between them. I do this in the fall to pre¬ 
vent their winter-killing as my soil is very 
liable to heave by frost,—otherwise ma¬ 
nuring in the spring is as good. In the 
spring, with a manure fork, 1 dig manure, 
vines, &c., under to a good depth, and 
leave the other rows for bearing, thin- 
ing them out some two or three inches 
apart in the row. This requires but little 
labor in comparison with hand weedings, 
but a greater advantage is that the bed is 
now so prepared that most of the cultiva¬ 
tion can be done with the hoe—the ground 
is kept mellow, and the vines and berries 
are thrifty and abundant. 
To prepare for another year, I mow 
down my vines when they cease bearing, 
pretty closely, raking off carefully so as not 
to disturb the runners, and then loosen up 
the soil with the fork again, but with as 
little disturbance to the roots as may be, 
and taking care to free them well, cf weeds. 
When fall comes, the spaces that have been 
hoed and kept mellow are covered with 
vigorous young plants, and the manure 
may be put on the strips that bore last, and 
so alternately every year and in this way 
the beds will keep in good order without 
being renewed. Some plant in drills, but 
I do not think this a good method unless it 
be for the purpose of using a horse and 
cultivator between the rows. 
If I were to commence new beds, I would 
make them about four feet wider,—not 
much raised above the alleys—and set the 
vines across them in rows from one to two 
feet apart according to the expense or 
scarcity of plants. They may be set still 
farther apart in the spring and cover the 
ground by fall. Some say we always set 
our vines too thick to do well, but I think 
it no matter how thick they are when not 
bearing, as they serve to keep the weeds 
down, but they should stand thinly in the 
spring to be productive. 
Sylvester Kellogg. 
Honeoye Falls, N. Y., Sept., 1851. 
Eating Down in Committee.— At the 
Horticultural exhibition now going on at 
Bangor, there was sent in a basket of Bart- 
let pears. The rule required that no speci¬ 
men of over six of that kind of fruit should 
be exhibited, and accordingly the commit¬ 
tee were called together and proceeded to 
eat down the pears to the legal number.— 
When “justice was satisfied,” as the monkey 
said to the cat, the committee proceeded to 
their decision on what remained. — Boston 
Chronotype. 
Very sensible, well-instructed committee. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending Sept. 30, 1051. 
THE PLUMBAGO LARPENTIE. 
Our engraving represents the Leadwort 
or Plumbago, which was originally brought 
from China, and is thought a valuable ad¬ 
dition to the variety of plants for bedding- 
out in masses. It is propagated from cut¬ 
tings in hot beds, and needs to be protected 
through the winter, is easy of cultivation, 
and a beautiful bloomer. It is described 
as having obovate pointed leaves, finely 
serrated and fringed with hairs on the mar¬ 
gin, as will be seen by the cut. The flow¬ 
ers are prodneed in terminal clusters, and 
are clear deep blue, or intense violet color, 
with a tint of red in the throat, increased 
by cuttings of the young wood. An idea 
may be formed of the profusion of its blos¬ 
soms from the fact that a single plant has 
borne 4,000 blossoms. 
FRUIT THIEVES. 
We hear frequent complaints that many 
boys of our village are addicted to stealing 
fruit ; and what renders the matter worse 
in thefts of this kind, is the invariable rule 
with the thief to take the very best produc¬ 
tions of the orchard and garden. Fruit 
that has cost the owner ten-fold the ordi¬ 
nary labor and care, and choice specimens 
that money would hardly buy, are the 
most certain of any to be stolen. No per¬ 
son is so choice and dainty in his selection, 
as the lawless thief. We are often aston¬ 
ished, too, to see how little, criminality is 
attached to these depredations. A person 
that would not dream of stealing money 
or house-hold goods, will often esteem it a 
trifling thing to purloin fruit from a neigh¬ 
bor’s excellent variety, or rob a melon- 
patch, or pluck beautiful flowers unbidden 
by the owner. We need not say this is all 
vitally wrong ; that what an individual 
produces by his own labor and care, is his 
against the world ; consequently, that the 
fruit-thief is a mean felon. 
Some of our citizens that cultivate flow¬ 
ers, have had many of their most admired 
varieties plucked by the sly pilferer—some¬ 
times before they are fairly in blossom, 
leaving the owner who perhaps exhausted 
the tenderest care on them, the least en¬ 
joyment of his labors. The lady that puts 
her hand over a fence and plucks a fine 
blossom, may think her deed but little 
blame-worthy ; but her ideas of property 
must be quite erroneous and confused.—• 
Think of the high price of land in the 
village; the necessary labor of nice culti¬ 
vation ; the great value of the best kinds of 
fruits and flowers ; and we shall find it dif¬ 
ficult to estimate the worth of them to the 
owner, aside from the affection which every 
one has for things that require peculiar and 
extraordinary care. 
We have read that in some provinces of 
Germany, the morals of the people are so 
pure that fruit overhanging the very side¬ 
walks of the streets, will not be touched 
by even a nocturnal pilferer. How much 
progress is needed to bring American mor¬ 
als to a standard so desirable!— Geneva 
Courier. 
WORTH KNOWING. 
A young lady of this city, while in the 
country some years ago, stepped on a rusty 
nail, which ran through her shoe and foot. 
The inflammation and pain were of course 
very great, and lock jaw was apprehended. 
A friend of the family, however, recom¬ 
mended the application of a beet taken 
fresh from the garden, and pounded fine, 
to the wound. It was done, and the effect 
was very beneficial. Soon the inflamma¬ 
tion began to subside, and by keeping on 
the crushed beet, changing it for a fresh 
one as its virtue seemed to hecome impair¬ 
ed, a speedy cure was effected. Simple 
but effectual remedies like this should be 
known by everybody.— Phil. Sat. Post. 
Grapes ripen slowly this season. 
To Timothy Gilbert, of Boston, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in piano fortes. 
To Laroy Litchfield, of South Bridge, Mass., for 
improvement in weavers shuttles. 
To N. B. Livingston, of Portland, Ind., for im¬ 
provement in weighing carts. 
To Win. Moore, of Bell ville, Ohio, for improve¬ 
ment in self-acting presses. 
To G. F. Woolston, of the District of Orange¬ 
burg, S. CL, for improvement in saws fur sawing 
boards. 
To Robert Bates, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
provement in instruments for the cure of stam¬ 
mering. 
To Maria Vaughn, of Greenbush, N. Y., ad¬ 
ministratrix of Joseph C. Vaughn, deceased, (as¬ 
signor to J. C. Bell, of Greenbush, N. Y., and 
Robt. Chrystie, Jr., of the city of New York,) for 
machine for making wheel tires. 
To Thos. Nicholson, of Nalmouth, Va., for im¬ 
proved maze lock. 
To T. J. Sloan, of New York, N. Y., for ma¬ 
chine for arranging screw blanks and articles of 
a similar character. 
To L. PI. Parsons, of Lambertville, N. J., for 
improvement in plotting scales. 
To N. A. Prince, of New Gloucester, Me., for 
improvement in fountain pens. 
To Elijah Whiten, of Hingham, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in machines for sawing volutes. 
To Matthew Spear, of Bowdoinham, Me., for 
improvement in mitre boxes. 
To Alex. Jimason, of Parkesburgh, Pa., forim- 
provement in shields for valves. 
To Joseph Putnam, of Salem, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in the manufacture of clay pipes. 
DESIGNS. 
To Nathan Chapin, of Syracuse, N. Y., for de¬ 
sign for tables. 
To Ezra Ripley, of Troy, N. Y., for design for 
stove fronts. 
CURIOSITIES AT THE WORLD’S FAIR. 
Specimen’s of silver lead ore, weighing 
350 lbs., from the Great Coward silver lead 
mine. 
A block of pure silver, weighing more 
than 150 lbs. 
Canister of boiled mutton, supplied to 
the Arctic Expedition in 1824, and found 
by Capt. Sir John Ross in Prince Regent’s 
Inlet, in 1849, in a perfect state of preser¬ 
vation. , 
Pure Southdown ewe, stuffed, seven 
years old, and which was never shorn.— 
Length of the wool 25 inches, weight 36 
pounds. 
Working model of a pair of non-condens¬ 
ing steam engines, standing within the 
compass of a shilling, and weighing three 
drachms. 
Sewing machine, capable of sewing 500 
stitches per minute. 
Sporting watch, which shows the time to 
one-sixth of a second. 
Clock in a case, which occupied 34 years 
in completion, with astronomical, chronolog¬ 
ical, and other movements, wind organ, &c. 
Tuning fork, with chromatic scale, by 
which any note may be tuned at pleasure. 
A boot and shoe made from a single 
piece of leather. 
Patchwork quilt, in 13,500 pieces of 
cloth, the sole work of the exhibitor, and 
has occupied his leisure hours for eighteen 
years. 
A horse shoe designed to permit the 
natural expanding action of the foot of the 
horse. 
Bed cover of patchwork, the number of 
pieces nearly 90,000. 
Self-acting calculator of surface. The 
area of any figure drawn on a plane, is 
found by moving the tracer over the outline, 
however irregular it may be. 
Oval medallion of her majesty, produced 
by a single line of equal thickness, and 369 
feet in length. 
A lump of gold ore weighing 300 cwL 
A second watch made of ivory, with 
gold screws and steel moving powers. It 
works in ten rubies and weighs (glass and 
vase included) half an ounce. 
An octagonal table of inlaid wood con¬ 
taining 3,000,000 of pieces; the arms of 
England alone in a space of three inches 
by two, consisting of 53,000 of these 
pieces. 
A Berlin wool carpet, executed by one 
hundred and fifty ladies of Great Britain. 
The dimensions of this carpet are thirty 
feet in length, and twenty in breadth.— 
The carpet has been produced in the fol¬ 
lowing manner: The pattern originally de- 
signeu and painted by the artist, has been 
subdivided into detached squares, and 
which have been worked by the differ¬ 
ent ladies; and on their completion, the 
squares have been united so as to complete 
the design, In the pattern, which consists 
of geometrical, and partly of floral forms, 
heraldic emblems have been introduced.— 
The initials of the executants are ornament¬ 
ally arranged, so as to form the external 
border. The whole design is connected by 
wreaths or bands of leaves and foliage, the 
centre of the group repressnting the store 
from which they have been distributed.— 
London Family Friend. 
Almost every workman that uses varnish 
has his own receipt for making it. These 
receipts are mostly remarkable for the num¬ 
ber of ingredients, some of which are of 
scarcely any use, and others absolutely 
hurtful to the wished for effect. 
Brown rosin, gum sandarac, mastic, shell 
lac, seed lac, dissolved in strong spirit of 
wine, generally form the basis ; Venice or 
common turpentine is added to prevent the 
varnLh from craekihg as it dries; camphor, 
anime, benz< in, ah mi, are occasionally in¬ 
troduced ; also gamboge, tumeric, dragon’s 
blood, saffron, and lamp black as coloring 
ingredients. 
The common varnish is made by dissolv¬ 
ing 4 ounces of sandarac, and 6 ounces of 
Venice turpentine, in a pint of spirit of 
wine. 
A harder varnish is made by dissolving 
2 ounces of mastic, 1 ounce 1-2 of sanda¬ 
rac, and 1 ounce 1-2 of Venice turpentine 
in a pint of spirit of wine. 
A very hard varnish, much used of late 
by the name of “French Polish for Furni¬ 
ture,” is made by dissolving 3 ounces of 
shell lac, with 1 ounce each of mastic and 
shell lac in 2 pints 1-2 of spirit of wine in 
a gentle heat, making up the loss by evap¬ 
oration by adding more spirit at the end of 
the process. 
The plain solution of either mastic or 
sandarac in the proportion of about three 
ounces to a pint ot spirit of wine makes 
very good varnish. 
Yellow varnishes are used by the name 
of lacquers to give a golden color to met¬ 
als, wood, or leather : the following is, per¬ 
haps, that most used : color a pint of spirit 
ot wine with three quarters of an ounce of 
tumeric, and fifteen grains of hay saffron; 
filter and dissolve in it two ounces each 
sandarac and elemi, one ounce each drao-- 
on’s blood and seed-lac, and three quarters 
of an ounce of gamboge. 
Black varnish is made for sale by dissolv¬ 
ing half a pound of sandarac, and a quarter 
of a pound of yellow rosin, in half a gal¬ 
lon of spirit of wine, and then adding two 
ounces of lamp black to color it. But work¬ 
men generally make it by dissolving black 
sealing wax in spirit of wine. 
The making of varnish from copal is a 
matter of difficulty, as copal is not soluble 
itself in its raw state in the spirit. One 
method is to add camphor to, a pint of 
highly rectified spirit of wine until it ceases 
to .be dissolved, and to pour this charged 
spirit upon four ounces of copal, keeping 7 up 
such a heat that bubbles may be counted. 
When cold pour off the varnish, and if all 
the copal be not dissolved, add more spirit 
impregnated with camphor. Another 
method is to heat’ the copal and let it drop 
as it melts into water ; a kind of oil sepa¬ 
rates from it, and it becomes soluble in ar¬ 
dent spirit, and still more so if the melting 
is repeated.— Sci. Amer. 
New Lathe.— -A correspondent of the 
Buffalo Advertiser writing from Lockport 
says : 
Yesterday I visited and saw in operation, 
the Self-centering and Self-releasing Lathe 
of Mr. Thomas R. Bailey of this place. It 
was patented July 1st 1851, and was- on 
exhibition at the late State Fair, where it 
received a premium. One can judge of its 
excellent qualities from the fact that a sin¬ 
gle hand can turn three thousand broom 
handles in ten hours, or about twice the 
number of any other machine of the kind 
of which I have ever heard. It is capable 
of doing work of the most attenuated quali¬ 
ty. I have with me a rod nearly four feet 
long, which is little larger than a knitting 
needle, and which was turned by this lathe. 
Improvement in Annealing Wire.— 
Messrs. I. Washburn, and P. L. Moon, of 
Worcester, Mass., have taken measures to 
secure a patent for a very excellent im¬ 
provement in annealing wire, and other ar¬ 
ticles. In the annealing oven, a coil of wire 
or other article is suspended on the end of 
a revolving spit formed of bars and hung 
on a rail on which it travels and swings, so 
that the coil can be placed on the spit out¬ 
side of the oven, the doors of which arQ 
made with such an aperture as will enable 
them to fit close around the spit when in¬ 
serted. 
Remedy for Stains, &c. —If cotton or 
linen goods, as linen towels, &c., become 
stained from fruits, tarts, jellies or jams, ap¬ 
ply immediately, common table salt. This, 
if well rubbed on before the stain becomes 
dry, will generally remove it, or will keep 
the article damp until by the usual pro¬ 
cess of -washing it will disappear. Pure 
cider vinegar if immediately applied is very 
useful in removing stains from either cotton, 
linen, or woolen goods. This should be af¬ 
terwards rinsed out with soft water. For 
mildewed linen, salt and sour buttermilk 
rubbed over the stains and exposing the 
goods to the sun, a few times repeated, is 
an effectual remedy. Spots from iron rust 
are generally removed by applying the 
juico of a lemon. For the removal of ink 
spots, milk thoroughly rubbed on and rinsed 
out with pure cold water is a pretty certain 
remedy.— N. Y Tribune. 
) 
