MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY JOURNAL. 
CHEAP “PIG PORK.” 
Eds. Rural: —I think the farmers of 
Western New York are already convinced 
that they cannot compete with the West¬ 
ern States in the making of heavy pork, to 
be packed for market; while at the same 
time, they can readily see that the making 
of light, or “ pig pork,” for home, or dis¬ 
tant markets—to be marketed fresh, is now* 
and promises to continue, a productive 
branch of their business. How shall “ pig 
pork ” be most cheaply produced ? Allow 
me to suggest a plan, which is mainly, not 
original, but which has been practiced with 
success in some portions of Europe, and if 
1 mistake not, in some of the New Eng¬ 
land States. ' s - 
The pigs should be littered in the month 
of March; the mothers in a healthy con¬ 
dition, to nurse them the usual period. Let 
the mothers and their offspring have good 
clover pasture, and the usual food from the 
kitchen and dairy, during all the forepart 
of the season. 
Sow early, a field of oats, in extent, pro¬ 
portioned to the number of pigs to be 
grown and fattened. When the oats are 
one foot high, give the weaned pigs a patch 
of them, separated from the main field, by 
an “Indiana,” cheaply constructed and 
easily removed fence. Let the little grun- 
ters and ruminators, have full swing; they 
will be more happy than “pigs in clover;” 
they will eat the oats, first cropping the 
succulent tops, and then digging the roots; 
and they will thrive, too, for of all vegeta¬ 
bles that the earth produces in this climate, 
young oats abound most in saccharine.— 
When they have done their work thor¬ 
oughly, remove the fence and the oats 
will be in the milk. The pigs will give 
them another patch. By this time as 
before, eat stalk and root.. Then give 
them in succession, patches of ripening and 
ripe oats, until they have finished the field. 
Two men will make the removals of the 
fence I propose, on each occasion, in one 
hour. 
When the field of oats has been thus 
disposed of, an ample frame for the 
purposes of “ pig pork ” will have been 
secured, and fattening will be well under 
way. Transfer to the pen or stye, feed as 
usual for a short time—and a very short 
time will suffice — and you will have “ light,” 
or “ pig pork,” for a home, or for a distant 
market, of a good quality, heavy enough 
and fat enough—which has cost you less 
of labor and expense to produce than any 
that you ever produced by other methods. 
In connection I assume, that farmers of this 
region, to make the business very profitable, 
must avoid the wintering of hogs, other 
than breeders, and have a cheaper method 
of making young or light pork, than any 
now generally practiced. 
A few words with reference to the man¬ 
agement of breeding sows:—They are of¬ 
ten in a poor condition for breeding, from 
being in too “ good condition,” if I may be 
allowed the use of a seeming paradox.— 
Intestinal fat, in a breeding sow, or a breed¬ 
ing mare, will make intestinal heat; heat 
will create fever, (or rather may be con¬ 
sidered fever of itself;) hot, or feverish milk 
will be the consequence. Stinted or 
“ scalded ” pigs may often be seen in the 
farmer’s yards; invariably, almost, they 
will be found nursing a sow in too high 
flesh. You will often see a lean sow with 
an abundant supply of healthy milk, rear¬ 
ing a healthy and thriving litter of pigs.— 
A hog is an animal, that of all others, will 
bear no “pull backs.” From birth, to the 
knife and shambles, he must be “ progres¬ 
sive.” To be profitable, he must be made 
to thrive in his pig-hood, shoat-hood, and 
hog-hood, with no falling off, or intermis¬ 
sions in the career of progress. t. 
Guano on Tobacco Land. —It has been 
established beyond controversy, that guano 
is the best aid that can be applied to wheat 
and corn, but we were not aware that it 
was so peculiarly adapted to the growth of 
tobacco. A gentleman in Louisiana, who 
is largely engaged in the growth of the to¬ 
bacco plant, made an experiment in the 
last season, and he has satisfied himself 
most thoroughly of its entire adaptation to 
the growth of that crop. This i* a matter 
of very considerable importance, as thou¬ 
sands of acres of the old tobacco lands in 
Virginia may be reclaimed.— Fredericks¬ 
burg Herald. 
Cold fall weather bids the farmer prepare 
for the storm king, also to give heed to the 
comfort of his stock. 
OIL PRODUCING SEEDS. 
COUNTY PREMIUM ON CHEESE. OIL PRODUCING SEEDS. still undeveloped, to which, if attention be 
, ... m • j c -i • ,i • directed, many persons might turn their 
The award for the best six cheese dairies The increased use of oil in the various f r . ° 
, a 0fmniv nnt hav5no . been f urnishcd arts of life call for an increased culture of efforts > thereby securing to themselves and 
from a cou ty g d the seeds of those plants which produce it. families a subsistence that every individual 
and published wit i tie ist o premiums, j n this country flax seed is most generally may have, if the mind is right and the body 
we were near overlooking it altogether.— used. In France and some other countries s t 0 ut. uu-uu. 
We now copy from the Journal of the N. i n Europe poppy seed is used, and in some - — - 
Y. State Agricultural Society, the award parts of England and Germany rape seed THE FARMER WHO HAD NOTHING TO DO. 
The award for the best six cheese dairies 
families a subsistence that every individual 
may have, if the mind is right and the body 
ANTI-FRICTION ROLLER. 
TnE cut is a representation of a crank 
running on anti-friction rollers, much in use 
for grindstones, and other small implements 
of that kind. 
It consists of two small cast iron wheels 
or rollers at each end of the crank, turned 
and fitted, upon which it revolves, the rol¬ 
lers turning at the same time. The friction 
is very much lessened, rendering the crank 
more durable than when running in wood 
or stationary boxes. By the use of the 
foot treadle, one man can turn a grindstone 
and hold on the implement at the same 
time; a great convenience, and saving of 
time upon a farm. The boys will at once 
vote for the improvement as a sovereign 
remedy for back-ache, brought on by turn¬ 
ing grindstone to sharpen a new ax or 
scythe. 
MANAGEMENT OF BEES. 
Messrs, Editors: —In No. 41 of the 
present volume of the Rural, over the sig¬ 
nature of Alvin Wilcox, is an article on 
the management of the honey bee, which 
to my mind is not entirely conclusive upon 
the question, “ why so many swarms fail, 
that have a good supply of honey.” The 
principal reason in the opinion of Mr. Wil¬ 
cox, if I understand him, is that the honey 
bee is so short lived as to seldom live thro’ 
two seasons, while the queen bee is the 
only bee that deposites eggs for reproduc¬ 
tion, and that she is as liable to death as 
the workers. Now, I would ask if the 
queen bee gathers honey and wax as the 
workers do, so as to be liable to be caught 
by the birds, or trod upon by man and 
beast, or to be destroyed by sudden storms, 
or if she is as liable to become disabled as 
the workers, who guard the hive against 
their various enemies? If she is, then am 
I willing to admit that she is as subject to 
death as the working bees. I would ask 
further,—If the queen is the only bee that 
deposites eggs for reproduction, what is the 
necessity of so many males ?—that is, what 
office or station do they ocuupy, or is the 
queen bee like the male portion of our stock 
horses and cattle, one answering for the 
many ? 
Is there not some other cause than the 
above, “ why so many swarms fail that have 
a good supply of honey ?” May it not be 
owing to the imperfection of the hives in 
which they reside, and does not the fact, 
that “ frequently it is the heaviest swarms 
that fail,” go to show that such is the case ? 
Another thing: Is the above failure more 
prevalent in the domestic than in the wild 
or natural state ? It must be or we should 
frequently find trees in the forest, whose 
cavities would be filled with dry comb, at 
least, if not occasionally some honey ; but 
as we never find such, and bees in the for¬ 
est are always in a healthy and prosperous 
condition, except it be in trees that are full 
of cracks and crevices, or are so much de¬ 
cayed as to admit water sufficient to cause 
them to mould, I think that it may be ow¬ 
ing to the imperfection of the hive, or per¬ 
haps it may be in consequence of the dis¬ 
ease of bees spoken of by writers upon the 
bee culture. Mr. T. B. Miner, in particu¬ 
lar, in his pamphlet upon the winter man¬ 
agement of bees, speaks of a disease of the 
bee, but does not attempt, as I can discover, 
to give an explanation of the cause or the 
remedy. Neither can I find it explained 
by any other writer, and I can not say but 
the above mentioned failure, may be in 
consequence of this disease, of which api¬ 
arians know so little, except that it does 
exist. Would not an article from an able 
pen upon this subject, be of some utility, 
and very acceptable to all those interested 
in the bee culture ? A. Rowe. 
KennedyTlile, N. Y., Nov., 1851. 
Hats and coats should now be taken 
from the windows, and their place supplied 
with glass, being much cheaper for winter 
use; and in better keeping with this age 
of “ progress and improvement” 
made by the committee as follows: 1S us 
Best six dairies, from a county, not less , . 
than three cheese from each $30. an J 
Dairymen .—Moses Eames, Rutland, Jef- e ai 
_ r. ri .1__rp-- -1. TP TP Seed 
is used. . . . 
Flax seed can be raised easily and abun- There are m eyery community, farmers, 
dantly among us, and there is beginning to wbo conceive it impossible to add anything 
be an increased culture of it. Much of the t0 t^ eir already acquired stock of knowl- 
seednow used in the oil mills of the Union e dge. We met one of this class a few days 
n 1 TV J . XT' TT seeuuuw u&eu m uu mins ui . o . . , 
erson Co.; Gardner Towue Rutland E. 1 . g im d from the East Indies and otber since, who in answer to our inquiry wheth- 
Carter, Le Ray ; Geo. Webb, I amelia, M. f f , ,, , , • : mriArtpr i eppr i er he was a subscriber to an agricultural 
Carter,Le Ray; Geo_ Webb, Fameha, M. ^ the world> and tbis imported seed er he was a subscriber to an agricultural 
Bryant, * atertown; P. Hardy, Le Ray. £ ag ^ ^ ag ^ , ag frQm u 40 to $1 paper, indignantly replied that “ book far- 
The samples of cheese offered formspec- QQ bughel 0ur farmers say that if a mmg was a humbug, and that he knew 
tion were with a few exceptions, of an extra per ^ anent market could be had for it they more of farming than any body could tell 
quality and those interested must bear in ^ raige ifc to advantage . We believe him.” We did not argue the point with 
mind that when two articles are of nearly ^ there WQuld al g e a perma nent him, conceiving it to be worse than useless; 
equal excelience, the task of discrimination market for &u th co ' ld rais6j only in but as we left him, we took a few notes of 
is both delicate and difficult. . this State but throughout the United States, the condition of this model farmer’s prem- 
The award on the best six cheese daries and that tbe ice ° ould range from a dob ises, which we present to the readers of the 
from a county, was unanimously made to j a do ]i a J and fifty cents per bushel. Journal, with the hope that they will prove 
Jefferson county dairies, but they would As it re£rards uoddv seed we have but lit- of service. 
add that the exhibition from Herkimer Co., £ £ ence P cer t in that tbis plam The paling fence enclosing the house 
was almost faultless; one single cheese de- £ ra i sed with the greatest ease among y^d, was broken down in several places; 
aiH ah if in toirnr m JprmvQrm o . ° _U_____ ^ 
r C T re UCfcll UC iaiOCU YY 1LJL1 tuu HIUQUUOUOOOO auivnv •» . 
cided it in favor of Jefferson. us Thig jg known from the experiments one of the hinges was torn off the gate, and 
There were two samples of cheese ex- ^ Jt ^ the flower den> It comes directly in front of the kitchen door several 
hibited, that were in our opinion, of too readil .flourishes easfly, seeds abundantly, lank looking swine were wallowing m the 
high a color and but for the drug intro- ^ hl Father than this we ™ud hole, where, for dear knows how long, 
duced into the body of the cheese, would J b ^ the Mowing state- the slo P s of the kitchen had been careless- 
have ranked much higher in the opinion of ment fro * the ^ Cultivator, which >7 thrown. We thought, were he really as 
the judges. seems to be from one who knows. The re- wise as he conceived himself to be, that 
No town premium was awarded by the marks are in answer to queries from one of fence would have been repaired, that gate 
the judges. 
No town premium was awarded by the 
committee, for which we are at a loss to their correspondents.— Me. Farmer. 
find a reason, as many very excellent town “ By way of answer to our correspondent’s 
hinge fastened,—a good breed of swine 
- , ,, . . „ „ r j ., would have replaced those hungry looking 
find a reason, as many very excellent town _ By way of answer to our correspondent s and th(j ^ , of the wouI | 
lots were exhibited. inquiries, we would take occasion to extract haye beon , ied to r a bctter use> than t0 
Mr. Eames also received the first premi- from our report on the fabrication of sugar create an lmw holesome and unpleasant 
um on a dairy of cheese at the Jefferson l r ?“ ?i? n r0 °‘ “* BT P ub '? ed “ wallowing place for swine. 
Countv Fair at which time he furnished „ 836 ’ . I T,? P artleular re . lal Y e The bfri stood on an eminence, and di- 
bounty ran, at wmen time ne iuimsnea tbe cultivation of the poppy, its yield, and ., . f . r •. „ eTVloll c a„ pptv , flpTrp j 
the committee with the annexed statement the produce in oil, as taken on view of one ^ i 1 r ’, , tb * 
. . . r ai i a -i -n • w • From the manure heap to this stream, the 
of its manufacture: of the largest oil mills in Trance; conceiv- ^ manure water J s flowing> in a si i enfc 
I have 44 cows giving milk; some of ing as we do, that the culture and manu- but steady stream,aml beneath some cherry 
which are young heifers. future might be introduced amongst us to trceg tha / skirted the lawDf i observ ed large 
The cows are all driven into-the yard much profit. The crushing was performed quant i t ] es 0 f tbe excrements of the fowls, 
about 5 o’clock, P. M. —and one half are b y Uones on t le e ge. exposed to the action of the weather, and 
placed in stalls in a milking barn, and as “ May 25. Visited Mons. P.’s Mill, the a i d j ng materially the growth and vigor of 
fast as they are milked they are passed in- completest in the country; steam engine tke w ii dernesg 0 f weeds around. Had 
to another yard—and the remainder are twelve horse power; all the works contained be been so very w j se> be wou i d have 
tied and milked in the same manner. And in room, cost of machinery and buil- checked the waste of that precious manure, 
as soon as all are milked, they are driven ding, $4050 sterling, engaged in crushing and mstead of permitting his fowls to roost 
inquiries, we would take occasion to extract haye been lied t ‘ a bctter usc> than t0 
from our report on the fabrication of sugar m Pf wholesome and unp l easa „ t 
from the beet root in France, published in ,, ._„ 
1836, the following particulars relative to w b “P slo0 d on an eminence, and di- 
to the pasture where they remain until 
morning. The milk as soon as drawn, is 
poppy seed and extracting oil. 
upon the cherry trees, (and thus not only 
One acre of land will yield 800 quarts expose them to the inclemencies of the 
strained into a tin vat, around which is a of poppy seed; the same, land will yield ! weather, but lose in addition their very 
valuable manure,) he would have given 
wooden one, leaving a space of one inch be- 800 to 1000 quarts of weet; price of poppy valuable manure,) he would have given 
tween the two, into which cold water is left seed, 28 francs per hundred quarts; four them a place of shelter and by that means 
to run, through the night. This keeps the quarts of seed give one quart of oil, or 25 secured their comfort and productiveness, 
milk cool, and takes out the animal heat.— per cent, three-fourths of first quality, or as W ell as their exerement. 
In the morning the cream is taken off and cold drawn, one-fourth of second quality; orchard of young apple trees wasal- 
the steam is let into the vats until the whole price of oil of first quality, $22,40 per mos t entirely destroyed by the borer—the 
An orchard of young apple trees was al¬ 
most entirely destroyed by the borer—the 
is warmed to 88 or 90°, when the steam is hectolitre,or 105 quarts, including the cask; f ences that enclosed his meadows were in 
turned into a vessel containing cold water, price of second quality, 21,29. The first a ru i nous condition. Several hogs were 
which is heated for washing, and other uses, quality is used as salad off, either alone, or acdv ely engaged in turning up the sod, and 
The morning’s milk is added to the milk mixed with olive oil; most part, of what is ag we attempted to close the gate that led 
of the previous night, and the cream that made goes to the south, where it is^inixed f rora the main road to the house, we found 
was taken off, is then warmed and put into with olive oil, and is then sent to Pans as wholly impracticable, one hinge being 
the milk. The rennet is then put in with genuine olive; the second quality is sent comp letely torn off, the other so twisted as 
the Annatto, and the whole suffered to to Marseilles for making the finest soap; it reuder tbe effort vain. Want of time 
stand for one hour or more; then it is cut is also used for burning in lamps.. The prevented further observation, but we had 
with a wooden knife into small pieces and seed yields most highly when cultivated 8een enougb to satisfy us, that the careful 
left to harden for 30 minutes. It is then on a sod no ^ too highly manured; the crop p erusa i 0 f any good agricultural journal, 
carefully broken up by hand, and is again i s substituted for a fallow when the land is and a pracdca l application of some of the 
warmed to 94 decrees and left to settle for exhausted. Seed sown in April, the earli- b ints contained in it, would have been hun- 
warmed to 94 degrees and left to settle for exhausted. Seed sown in April, the earn- b ints contained in it, would have been hun- 
15 or 20 minutes; the whey is then taken er > d n0 f ros h th® better, as new seed ob- dreds 0 f dollars value to our over-wise far- 
off to the curd. Then I commence to break tains good prices in the market. Quantity mer. — Fa. Farm Journal. 
it fine by hand, using a gentle pressure to seed f° be sown P er acre f° ur q ua rts, --—- 
separate the whey from the curd, and after either drilled or broad cast, harvested in FACIS ABOUT MILE, 
it is evenly and finely broken, the steam is J U W or August. Crop to be kept clean by . — 
let on and the heat raised to 102 or 105°. hoeing. Af harvest, the plants are careful- CrEa^m cannot rise through a gicat depth 
The whole is kept moving while heating, ly pulled, bound in small bundles and set of milk. If milk is therefore desired to re- 
The steam is then taken off and the curd to dry; when quite dry, a woman takes a tain its cream for a time, it should be put 
remains in the scalding whev for 30 minute® bundle in each hand and shakes the heads into a deep, narrow dish; and U it be de- 
™ tte wWTginto a sheet; they are then setup again, aired to free it most completely of cream, it 
which is known by feeling or tasting. The a nd have another shaking after another should be poured into a broad flat dish not 
remainder of the whey is then taken from drying, and the seed is cleaned in the field much exceeding one inch in depth. The 
the curd and the curd is left to cool for 10 when it is at once fit for the market and evolution of cream is facilitated by a rise, 
or 15 minutes; then it is taken into the sink for crushing, an operation which is perform- and retarded by a depression of tempera- 
where the salt is worked in at the rate of ed in a few minutes. The cultivation of ture. At the usual temperature of the 
one pound of salt to 50 of cheese, (I use the poppy is neither expensive or laborious, dairy, 50 deg. Farenheit, all the cream will 
the imported Liverpool salt.) It is then ranks next to the beet in point of profit, probably rise in 36 hours but at 70 deg, 
put into the hoop and pressed for 24 hours, and the ease with which the crop may be it will perhaps all rise in half that time; and 
I apply a pressure of from 7 to 8 tons turned into money is amongst the strongest when the milk is kept near the freezing 
rr J r fotollro Oi-n nf I nAinf tlwi wi riHA VPTU fclOW V. htt- 
FACTS ABOUT MILE. 
Cream cannot rise through a great depth 
x : r . , txti SUOSiHUie; muon oi iue cuwuj 
ed but for a single year. Where there are Franee u tbus adulterated . the 
considerable quantities of fresh meat, milk cate used for manure being 
and butter used, or marketed, they are in- ., , _, 
valuable. The ice-house should be located & 
construction, it may be made quite an or- wb ich can be raised with but little 
nament to the establishment, without any and the • ld of 6eed is very l arge . 
abridgment of its efficacy, so iar as regards ■ 
the more important uses to which it is or- The oil is expressed in the sam 
weight to each cheese. of its claims to notice. The stalks are of point, the cream will rise very slowly, be- 
b .1. . . _ no use but to burn, and return little to the cause it becomes partially solidified. 
ICE HOUSES. land in the shape of manure, but the cakes, j n we t and cold weather the milk is less 
„ - T 77 i . , which remain after the oil is expressed, are r i cb than in dry and warm; and on this ae- 
Eveey farmer should have an ice-house. food for cattle and she r ep , and are count more cll ’ e8 e is obtained in cold than 
The cost o erecting and filling it, is a mere $2 200 lbs ._ the quantity of hwarm.thoughnotthunderv.weather.- 
trifle and there are few farmers who would cakes per ace about 130 lbs. These cakes The 6ea ' son U as its effects-the milk, in 
not find the advantages of one of these when F dand re pared, are used to sprin „ is supposed to be best for drinking, 
cheap edifices, greatly to exceed the ex- adu , ter b ate choco , ateb of which it is a good a ^ d h g ence if wou l d be best for calves; in 
pense even were e ene s o e receiv substitute; much of the chocolate used in summer it is best suited for cheese; and in 
ed but for a single year. Where there are ^ adu ]t er ated; the pulverized autumn , lhe butt er keeping better than that 
considerable quantities of fresh meat, milk ^ used for manure , bei d YiUed with of the sammcr; cows less frequendy milked 
and butter used, or marketed, they are in- ^ wi(h . ric her milk and conse- 
valuable. The ice-house should be located . , 1 ” b , .. 
in some eligible position near the dwelling- To the above list of oil producing seeds quent y more u r * . 5 ^ , , 
house, and with a little taste and care in the might be added the common Sunflower, richer t an ie evening 1 
mi gill ue auueu tuuuuuu uuuuunw, , ;n; . it h * 
f , , • , -At. 1. A VAAi a 1 1 drawn milk of each milking, at all times 
which can be raised with but little trouble, and geftgong> ia richer than the first drawn, 
and the yield of seed is very large. wb i c h i 3 the poorest. 
The weight of a barrel of flour should 
be at least 214 pounds. Flour barrels, to 
the more important uses to which it is or- The oil is expressed in the same man- 7 T T ^ v, i x 
dinarily applied. The cellar is always a ner as that from flax seed, and is said to be Tiie weig o a arre , 
, , d j be at least 214 pounds. Diour Darrels, to 
bad place in which to keep fresh meat, as o{asuperior qua r lty ; either for the same ba serv iceable, generally weigh 20 and even 
the air is rarely fresh, and few are careful e s as linseed, or as a lamp oil. Hav- 22 pounds, to which must always be added 
ratherTshot-Gcn’rr yW fog forgotten the quantity of oil produced I 96 P pounds of flour, which would make 
__!__ from a bushel of seed, I cannot, just now, the gross weight of a barrel of flour 216 or 
Fattening Poultry. — Coop up poultry ma ke a statement in figures, but I am sure 218 pounds, 
to fatten, and they will do well up to 12 or lbat tbe yield is suffle ieut to make the cul- Tq 0Mn from crowding, it is only 
aj s. eep em in ie coops ej on ^ ure ^ be sun fl ow -er a profitable source of J ngcgg ga ry to lengthen tbe yoke often, in 
that time, and feed them as much as you e ° no 
like, they will grow leaner every day until income. In our country there are a great extreme eases, from 12 to 18 inches longer 
they grow a skinful of bones, and die. many means, for acquiring the “ needful,” than those usua y worn. er. 
