1891 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
47 
is almost—yes, I will say it—quite impossi¬ 
ble to make first class butter in the summer 
without plenty of ice or some such ar¬ 
rangement as Farmer’s Girl tells about, 
yet not one hereabouts, to my knowledge, 
has a spring-house, in which to make 
butter. 
With much less money than the $100, 
which the ‘‘Girl” mentions, a first-class 
outfit can be purchased of any of the 
standard makes of cabinet creamery sup¬ 
plies, and with a well-filled ice-house— 
which, by the way, no farmer should try to 
get along without—this will put it within 
the power of every butter-maker to make 
an article which she will not be obliged to 
sell for a shilling a pound, or trade out at 
the village grocery. 
There is no available spring on our farm, 
and if there were I would much prefer our 
present milk-room and butter-ipaking out¬ 
fit, where nearly two tons of butter are 
made every year—butter which finds ready 
sale among private families in our own and 
the surrounding cities at 35 cents per pound 
the year round. 
Our dairy outfit consists of a milk-room, 
12x15 feet, adjoining the wash-room. It is 
wainscotted up and ceiled inside with black 
oak in strips three inches wide, plain alter¬ 
nating with beaded. This is finished with 
oil. On one side is a refrigerator, which is 
built out into the ice house, which joins the 
milk-room on that side. This refrigerator 
is a home-made affair, and is simply a large 
box, four feet in width, the same in depth 
and five in height, with the open side to¬ 
ward the milk-room, from which a door 
opens into it. It is fitted with shelves for 
the storing of cream, butter, etc. It is lined 
with galvanized iron. Of course, it is sur¬ 
rounded on three sides and the top with 
ice. The milk-room contains a four-can 
Wilson Cabinet creamer, a barrel churn, a 
butter-worker, together with a table and 
scales for weighing butter. A well of pure 
cold water is within three feet of the door. 
Though this system may not produce any 
better results than the spring water, it has 
at least one or two advantages : It can be 
used in winter and summer alike; while a 
separate milk-room at some distance from 
the house might not^perhaps be convenient 
at all seasons of the year, and a great sav¬ 
ing of steps is also effected by having the 
milk-room under the same roof as the 
living-rooms. 
The public or cooperative creameries take 
a great deal of work off the hands of the 
farmer’s wife, and unless there is some 
better way of marketing butter than the 
average country town affords, it is much 
better to send the cream to the creamery 
than to make it up at home. The cream¬ 
eries established upon the cooperative plan 
pay for the butter made from the cream, 
(each lot being tested) at the time it is 
taken, thus giving for it a fair price—in 
many instances more than could be got for 
it if made up at home. Then, afterwards, 
semi-annual dividends are made of the pro¬ 
fits. This has been a remarkably poor 
year for butter all over the country; yet 
the cooperative creamery of our county has 
just declared a dividend of nearly four 
cents per pound on all the butter made 
during the past season. Such an institu¬ 
tion should be looked upon as a public 
benefaction and patronized accordingly. 
The German Of It. 
H. M. Engle, Lancaster County, Pa.— 
The article “ What’s in a Name?” on page 
898 of last year’s Rural, calls my attention 
to a question which I had considered 
settled. It is conceded that the originator 
of the KiefferPear was of German descent, 
hence he knew how to spell his name, and 
the name of the pear must be spelt in the 
same way. The only question then is, 
shall the name be pronounced as in German, 
or must the pronunciation be changed 
when we use the word in English. It must 
not be forgotten that the i in German has 
the same sound as e in English, and the e, 
the same sound as a; hence the pronuncia¬ 
tion in German is Keefer. Should not the 
German pronunciation have the preference? 
Since the originator is to be honored by the 
use of his name, it should not be pro¬ 
nounced Kifer. We know that certain 
names signifying occupation, rank, etc,, 
translated from German into English, or 
any other language, are altogether different 
words, though they mean the same thing. 
I knew a railroad president by the name 
Jaeger, which in German means Hunter. 
He told me that some of his relatives had 
translated their name into the English 
equivalent. “ But ” said he, “ I am not 
ashamed of my German name, and write it 
accordingly.” Now in order to retain the 
proper German pronunciation he had to 
change the spelling of his name, since in 
German the word is spelled Jager, for dots 
over the “a” in German give it the sound of 
ae. ‘‘What’s in a name?” 
The Origin of the Paragon Chestnut. 
Thos. Meehan, Philadelphia County, 
Pa. —I can very well remember when my 
neighbor, W. L. Shaffer, happened to find 
among some Spanish chestnuts one that 
was very large and fine, from one of the 
old trees growing in the gardens about 
Philadelphia. This was replanted, and 
the fruit proved quite as good as the best 
Spanish chestnuts we get in our markets. 
How it ever came to be considered an Amer¬ 
ican chestnut, in the sense that it is of the 
American species, is a mystery to me. It 
is American in the sense that the nut from 
which it was raised is from a Spanish 
chestnut tree that matured in America. 
The parent tree did not produce fruit any 
earlier than the average of Spanish chest¬ 
nut trees. We find among our seedling 
Spanish chestnut trees many that begin 
to bear in five or six years, and most of 
them will begin at 10. Grafts taken from 
bearing trees bear in three or four years, as 
will grafts from any Spanish chestnut 
tree. Mr. Shaffer was very proud of his 
chestnut tree. It was a very healthy tree, 
and the nuts were always fine. He gave 
grafts freely to his friends, and made a 
score or so of grafts on trees on his grounds. 
These are now about being destroyed by 
the building of an immense deaf and dumb 
asylum where hts orchards grew. It 
amazes me that there should be so much 
mystery thrown around the Paragon Span¬ 
ish Chestnut. 
Consumptive Jersey Cows. 
J. C. Stribling, Anderson County, S. 
C. —It is now about 16 years since Mr. W. 
D. Warren and myself brought the first 
herd of Jersey cattle to South Carolina. 
Among this lot was old Arango (1597), 
which lived until she was killed at the age 
of 20 years, being then in vigorous health. 
Not much consumptiveness about her! 
Her daughter Lesa (9868) at the age of 10 
years had twin heifers that were sold to a 
customer in my cow-yard for $105 when 
four months old. At the age of 11 years 
she again dropped twins, which are also 
very vigorous and healthy, and the old cow 
bids fair to continue her good work for 
years yet. Not much consumptiveness 
about her I I have sold from this cow 
$1,505 worth of calves, and have one grown 
daughter and one heifer calf left. Not 
much phthisis pulmonalis about that! 
I can now call to mind about 20 Jersey 
cows in this State, ranging from 10 to 18 
years, that are still doing service for their 
owners. There is no ‘‘galloping” con¬ 
sumption in such an exhibit 1 I have seven 
children whose ages range from 3 to 21 
years, that have drank Jersey milk and 
eaten Jersey butter every day of their lives 
(except the eldest, who began on it when 
five years old), and all are vigorous and 
healthy, and none of my children has died 
from any cause. There is no transmission 
of tuberculosis in this record 1 At our last 
South Carolina State Fair the butter ex¬ 
hibit was considered very fine and, I under¬ 
stand, was made up of the butter from 
purebred and grade Holstein, Guernsey, 
Ayrshire, Devon and Jersey cows, and the 
butter from my dairy took every premium 
offered for butter, and this was all made 
from some of those grand old Jerseys and 
their descendants. No pulmonary con¬ 
sumption in this I 
Fertilizers and Jersey Cows. 
C. M. Lusk, Broome County, N. Y.— I 
was much interested in the question asked 
in a late issue of The R. N.-Y. by the 
young farmer in Bucks County, Pa. I have 
had a good deal of experience in buying 
manure and fertilizers. I have virtually 
given up buying manure and accordingly 
do not have to contend against so much 
foul stuff. I am experimenting every year 
and did so quite extensively with different 
fertilizers the past season, and intend to 
give The R. N.-Y. the benefit of my ex¬ 
periments, so that others may have the 
benefit of my experience as I have had the 
benefit of that of others. [Do so, by all 
means.— Eds.] 
There is one thing I do not like, and I 
should judge by the R. N.-Y’s comments 
that it did not like it. It is speaking lightly 
for a little more beef when she is dead, and 
these same people have small breeds of 
hens such as the Brown Leghorn, instead 
of a large breed like the Plymouth Rock, 
Brahma, etc. If asked why they don’t keep- 
the large breeds instead, they say the small 
ones don’t eat so much and are better layers. 
But I say when they want to kill one they 
had better have some of the larger breeds 
and they will have more meat. Let people 
stand by the Jersey; she will stand by them, 
and give milk of a superior quality and 
butter of a superior color and flavor. 
R. N.-Y.—The Jersey cow will not suit 
everybody. There are places where it would 
not pay to keep her at all. What we object 
to are the wild and unjust assertions that all 
Jersey cows are poor, weak little things of 
little use in the world except as pets. 
This idea is the purest nonsense and no 
fair breeder of other cattle entertains it. 
Rolling Land In Oregon. 
W. C. Cusich, Union County, Ore.— 
Here in the dry climate of Eastern Oregon 
most grain is sown in the spring ; often at 
the time the soil is so dry that the grain 
does not come up well, and rolling the 
ground immediately after sowing is cer¬ 
tainly an advantage in securing a good 
stand. The ground is also in much better 
condition for the machine at harvest time. 
If I were to sow grain in the fall I would 
not care to roll the land. Farmers here 
often put off the rolling until the grain has 
made considerable growth, claiming that 
the breaking and bruising of the young 
plants induce a more stocky growth. In 
the garden, whether transplanting or sow¬ 
ing seeds, I always “firm the soil.” The 
workmen turn back as soon as a row is 
planted, and walk on it; but, of course, the 
soil is not wet. I find it always pays to do 
this. 
A Bushy Vine Smothers Weeds. 
J. H. Rittenhouse, Fayette County, 
PA.—I find the R. N. Y. No. 2 Potato a 
large yielder and about the handsomest 
variety I have ever seen, but it has a fault 
that causes me to discard it—the tops do 
not branch out and shade the ground like 
other kinds; so weeds have a better 
chance. In working my potatoes the past 
season a hand and myself followed the two- 
horse cultivator with a hoe apiece, dressing 
up the rows at the ends, and taking out a 
chance weed here and there, and could | 
easily keep up in the State of Maine, Rural 
Blush and Monroe Seedling, but when we 
came to the R. N.-Y. No. 2 we got behind 
badly ; four hands could not have kept up 
and made as clean work as we made in the 
other kinds, and when digging time came, 
the fall grass in the 10 rows of R. N.-Y. 
No. 2, plainly distinguished that variety 
from the others. Now this extra trou¬ 
ble with the weeds and fall grass was all 
due to the habit of growth of the vines. I 
have always noticed that the kinds having 
the lowest and bushiest tops were the easi¬ 
est to keep clean. 
“ When we find a paper that has back¬ 
bone enough to tell the truth, let us 
have backbone enough to help it along.”— 
l. w. lightly. 
PtercUuncouj* ^dvntteinjj. 
IN writing to advertisers please always 
mention The Rural. 
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Earliest, Hardiest, { 
Most Productive * 
northern 
C R O W N 
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SUREHEAD CABBAGE. Surest heading var¬ 
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says: Surchead exceeds anything I ever saw in the 
cabbage lino. Out of some 100 plants not ono failed to 
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WATERMELON. Earliest largo melon: flesh a 
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RADISH. A handsome extra early variety, often 
producing radishes in 20 days. Test Northern 
crown Seeds and bo convinced that they art j 
superior to all others. Wewillsend a large package 
each of the above named varieties and the Finest 
Illustrated Catalogue ©verpublished, onreceiptof 20cts. 
FLOWER SEEDS FREE. Every Person sending 
silver, mentioning this paper and number ol oner 
will receive extra ono package each of th ■ following 
seeds. IP0MEA, the most wonderful climber evet 
introduced, grows to ahight of 20 or30feet, and pro 
duces hundreds of pure while blossoms. ECKFORD 
SWEET PEAS, introduced by Chas. Eckford ol Eng 
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flowei; MAY’S CATALOGUE, the most comnletc 
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platen!'Diadcui hoses. ; L. L. MAY & CO., 
Seedsmen and Florists, Sts Paul, Minn. 
NURSERYMEN 
Selling in CANADA, will save Duty 
and Freight by buying in the Coun¬ 
try. A large and well established 
business Is offered for sale. Well- 
grown stock, ready for market, of 
all lines of Fruits, Grape Vines and 
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assortment coming on. Nursery lo 
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Correspondence invited. Address 
Post Office Drawer 90, St. Catherines, Ont. 
600 ACRES. 
13 CREENHOUSES. 
duu Huaeo. «^ ^ - - - - ■ 
TREES»«»PLANTS 
We offer for the Spring trade a large and line stock 
of every description of FItUIT and Ornamental 
TREES, Sliruhs, Roses, Vines, MIIAIh 
FRUITS. Hedge Plants, Fruit Tree *eetl- 
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logue. spring of 1891, mailed free. Entabluhed 18:>2. 
BLOOMINGTON PHENIX NURSERY 
SIDNEY Tl'TTLK & CO., Proprietory HLOOSIINUION, ILL* 
MISSOURI NURSERY CO., Louisiana,Mo. 
Salesmen wanted; special aids; magnificent outfit free. 
at ADI# AIIIDOCDICC Stark Bros. Nursery 
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Founded 1835. Oldest in the West. Largest in the 
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NO TREES m 
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37 YEARS. 25 CREENHOUSES. 700 ACRES. 
THE STORRS & HARRISON CCP., 
PainesviiSe, Ohio. 
1891, 
^ATALOOdy 
1891. 
Home Grown, Honest, IteliaMe. 
I offer you my Vegetable and Flower Seed Catalogue for 
1891 FREE. Note the immense variety of seed it con- 
tains, and that all the best novelties are there. Not 
much mere show about it (you don’t plant pictures) 
' tme engravings from photographs of scores of the 
IfcJUn^^^^choicc vegetables I have introduced. Would it not 
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or harshly of Jerseys. My cows are grade 
Jerseys and some are very nearly full 
blood. I have had them for 20 years or 
more and have never felt as though 
I wanted to change for any other breed. 
Some people will say that they want larger 
cows, so that when the animals get through 
milking they can be turned off for beef. I 
cannot afford to keep a cow several years 
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Catalogue FREE. E. W. REID, Bridgeport,Ohio. 
