1891 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
57 
Hound To Get On Top. 
In spite of all discouragements good gets 
on top. It takes long sometimes—it wears 
patience, and sometimes sours the disposi¬ 
tion—but genuine good meets with genuine 
success. That’s gospel to any one who 
knows the history of Drs. Starkey & Palen’s 
Compound Oxygen Treatment. It is well 
known what obstacles had to be overcome 
at the outset, the most serious of which 
was the antipathy of physicians. But how 
is it now ? To-day mire than one thousand 
physicians use the Compound Oxygen 
Treatment in their practice. They have 
found it a faithful ally in their efforts to 
subdue disease and they have admitted as 
much. A 200 page book which is free to 
any one, has the indorsements of many 
prominent physicians, besides the testi¬ 
monials of clergymen and other profes¬ 
sional men and women. It is over twenty 
years now that Drs. Starkey & Palen’s 
Compound Oxygen Treatment has been 
doing its good work. 
If you have anything that is good, you 
must say so ; it is not enough to have 
value, the fact must be made known. So 
Drs. Starkey & Palen have given the 
Compound Oxygen Treatment its well- 
nigh universal vogue by systematic and 
careful advertising. The troubles of in¬ 
troduction and general acceptance were 
over years since, but they wish to remind 
you that the Compound Oxygen Treat¬ 
ment is still available to assist the invalid. 
Invalids need encouragement; it helps 
them to get well. The 200 page book above 
mentioned is filled from cover to cover 
with testimonials of grateful physicians 
and patients. It will be sent free of charge 
to any one addressing Drs. Starkey & 
Palen, 1529 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa., or 
120 Sutter St., San Francisco, Cal.— Adv. 
HOW DO YOU MARK STOCK t 
The above question was sent to some of 
our leading breeders with a request that 
they give us their experience in the use of 
the various stock labels in the market. 
Here are some typical replies: 
I think the Dana label is the best. No 
label in the outside thin edge of a hog’s ear 
is a success, but I have ordered some of 
Dana’s medium labels and intend to try 
them on the inside of the hog’s ear, and I 
think they will do better, but I have not 
yet demonstrated this. So far I have not 
seen any label that was a success in hogs’ 
ears. For sheep and cattle Dana’s labels 
are good enough. N. H. j LENTRY. 
Pettis County, Mo. 
The only marking tag we use in shipping 
our horses across the ocean is a little leather 
one tied on the side of the halter, giving the 
number of the animal, which corresponds 
with that in our invoice. We have seen 
little tin tags used also, which are quite 
handy, but we have always found leather 
ones to answer the purpose first-rate, and 
they are not easily torn off. 
Rock Co., WlS. GALBRAITH BROS. 
I have a system of branding the hoofs, 
which works all right in my business, and 
is, I think, better for my purpose than any¬ 
thing else I have seen. Letters and figures 
are put on with a hot iron, and by renew¬ 
ing them twice or three times a year they 
are kept plain and distinct. 
De Kalb County, Ill. w. L. ellwood. 
We have used two kinds of ear tags, but 
like C. H. Dana’s better than the other. 
We cannot suggest anything new in the 
way of a label, but find it best to get two 
numbers of one kind and tag in both ears. 
Then in case one is lost the other is left, as 
it seldom happens that both are lost. 
Henry County, Ill. A. A. CRANE. 
I use a button or eyelet of metal which I 
find light and convenient, and it answers 
a good purpose when properly inserted 
while the pig is young and the ear thin. I 
purchased 100 of these with a punch and 
pliers to fasten them, from H. C. Stall, of 
Beatrice, Neb., with an illustrated memo¬ 
randum book, for $2 60. There have been 
a few inflamed ears, painful sores, where 
the things were inserted in too thick a part 
of the ear ; there the pinching of the shank 
of the button causes a swelling, hence the 
importance of marking the pigs when 
about six weeks old. I used for some years 
common wire rings in the ears, like those 
used in the noses to prevent rooting. They 
answered every purpose. I find a punch 
convenient for making a few holes in the 
edge of an ear; these, if carefully recorded, 
will keep litters correct for pedigreeing. 
For years I used no distinguishing mark; 
for I knew my pigs as well as a stepmother 
knows her different sets of children. But I 
increased the number and at one time dur¬ 
ing the farrowing season I was taken sick 
and confined to my room for weeks, then I 
found myself at sea and had to use a dis¬ 
tinguishing mark. T. M. REVEAL. 
Marion County, Ind. 
The most satisfactory way of marking 
my Galloway cattle is by the use of al^- 
inch strap of heavy leather around the neck 
with a brass check on each side of the lat¬ 
ter. The strap runs through the check and 
on this the number of the animal is 
stamped. I also use C. H. Dana’s labels, 
with the same numbers, for marking on the 
ears. Then if one should be lost, the other 
serves a good purpose. S. P. CLARKE. 
Bureau County, Ill. 
A number of different makes of tags have 
been introduced in this country and also in 
England ; but, like about all other sheep 
and cattle men in this and other countries, 
I use C. H. D ina’s labels. They are, with¬ 
out question, the finest made. 
Shiawasse Co., Mich I. J. BINGHAM. 
Coughs and Colds. Those who are 
suffering from Coughs, Colds, Hoarseness, 
Sore Throat, etc., should try Brown’s 
Bronchial Troches, a simple and effec¬ 
tive remedy. They contain nothing in¬ 
jurious, and may be used at all times with 
perfect safety.— Adv. 
CANADIAN HORTICULTURE. 
Notes From the Ontario Fruit 
Growers’ Meeting. 
( Concluded .) 
A Convenient Fruit Packing House, 
built by George Cline, of Winona, Ont, 
is show at Figs. 23 and 24. The walls of 
the basement or cellar are of stone, and 18 
inches thick. In them are four small win¬ 
dows and a door. In making the floor an 
eight-inch layer of small-?ized stones, 
Fig. 23. 
which had previously been rolled in water- 
lime mortar, so that they were thickly 
coated with it, was firmly rammed down 
on the ground. After this foundation had 
become hard, a thick layer of cement was 
placed on it and smoothed over, complet¬ 
ing an extremely solid floor. The sides 
of the room were made as shown at 
Fig. 24. Two thicknesses of tar pa¬ 
per were put against the studding, 
and on these was placed matched ceiling 
which extended overhead on the under 
edge of the joists. Over this, on sides and 
top, was placed a coat of plaster, lath hav¬ 
ing been nailed on the ceiling. Thus the 
chamber was perfectly air-tight except for 
the windows. 
The room above is eight feet high. The 
floor is of two inch hard wood, and the 
joists eight inches wide, so that there is 
an air-space of eight inches between the 
floor and lower ceiling. The sides and top 
of the room are just like those of the lower 
room, with the exception of the plaster, 
there being six inches in this room. The 
top room is like the middle one, but is in¬ 
tended largely for the storing of baskets, 
etc. Each floor is connected with stairs 
which can be tightly closed with trap doors. 
All of the windows are provided with shut¬ 
ters on the inside, and on the lower half 
heavy wire screens are fixed. Around the 
sides of each room are placed wide shelves 
from floor to ceiling, on which baskets and 
small packages may be stored. The floors 
in the center are left clear for the storing 
of barrels of fruit, etc. 
On the outside there are two thicknesses 
of tar paper against the studding, and on 
these are perpendicularly placed inch 
boards, the cracks between which are 
closed with batten^. A veranda runs 
around the north and west sides of the 
building, and there is a wide door in each 
of these sides as well as on the east, for 
convenience in loading and unloading. On 
the east side is a low shed 16 feet wide and 
as long as the main building, which is 36 
feet. In the center of the shed is a raised 
roof over a door—shown by the dotted lines 
—which opens so that the fruit can be 
placed either in the lower or the middle 
room; this shed is so large that several loads 
of fruit can be run under it in case of a sud¬ 
den rain, or for any other reason. Provision 
is made for ventilation by shafts running 
through the rooms, air being depended 
upon for coolness. 
FRUIT FERTILIZER. 
Prof. James, of the Guelph Experiment 
Station, answered the following questions 
in a very practical manner : 
Does it pay the fruit grower to make his 
own commercial fertilizer ? When wood 
ashes cost 10 cents a bushel, what ingredi¬ 
ents should be mixed with them to form a 
complete fertilizer ? Are they suitable for 
all kinds of soil ? 
In order to understand the relation of 
wood ashes to the orchard, the professor 
explained that a fruit tree made three de¬ 
mands upon the soil: 1, for the wood ; 2, 
for the leaves ; 3, for the fruit. Hard-wood 
ashes contain just the elements which a 
tree requires to form sound, healthy wood, 
hence ashes are the most economical man 
ure for this purpose. Leaves, by the time 
they fall, have returned their best parts to 
the tree ; but still some loss occurs when 
the leaves are blown away ; but in a pro¬ 
tected orchard where the leaves decay, 
everything is finally used by the tree with¬ 
out loss. It is in the fruit that the main 
loss to the orchard is sustained, and by 
learning the constituent parts we can tell 
just what elements are needed In an or¬ 
chard to cover the loss annually experi¬ 
enced by the removal of a crop of fruit. 
The following table shows, in pounds, just 
what amount of each element is contained 
In an average crop of the various fruits, 
with the exception of lime, of which no ac¬ 
count need be taken, as nearly all land con¬ 
tains an abundant supply. 
Fruit peracre. Nitrogen. 
P. Aehl. 
Potash. 
Apples, per lb. 
,.. 0.1,8 
.**01 
.013 
Average crop, 15,000 lbs 
.. 12.0 
1 5 
19.5 
Pears, per lb. 
.% 
.05 
.180 
A verage crop, 15,000 lbs 
.. 9.0 
7.5 
27.0 
Plums per lb . 
.. 0.4 
.04 
0.20 
Average crop, 3, 00. 
.. 12.8 
1.28 
6 4 
Peaches per lb. 
.055 
.25 
Average crop, 3,A0 lbs.. 
17.6 
8.0 
Grapes, per lb. 
.16 
.15 
0.5 
Average c-op, S,00o lbs. 
.. 12 8 
12.0 
40.0 
Berries, per lb . 
0.08 
0.25 
Average crop, 2,570 lbs . 
20.0 
6.25 
Thus it is seen that potash is by far the 
largest element in all the fruits, hence it is 
essential that any fertilizer to be most 
profitably employed must consist largely 
of potash. Herein lies the great value of 
ashes, as it is shown by analysis that each 
bushel contains about three pounds of 
potash in its most available condition. 
Ashes also contain some phosphoric acid 
and other elements which raise their fertil¬ 
izing value up to 20 cents to 25 cents per 
bushel; consequently at 10 cents per bushel 
they are the most economical fertilizer that 
can be obtained. This is demonstrated by 
the fact that the Eastern and Southern 
States are anxious to secure all the ashes 
they possibly can for their orchards. There 
is but little difference In value between soft 
and hard wood ashes, except that for a given 
quantity of the former, more wood is re¬ 
quired. In order to form a complete fruit 
fertilizer the following proportion of ma¬ 
terials should be used: 
40 bushels ashes .. $4 00 
100 pounds crushed bone or 10 pounds super¬ 
phosphate. 1.50 
100 pounds sulphate ammonia or 100 of nitrate 
soda. 3.00 
Total.$8.50 
This makes enough complete fertilizer 
for one acre of orchard at a cost of at least 
$3 or $4 less than it could be obtained in 
any other form This amount of fertilizer, 
if applied every other year, will kgep the 
fruit up to a high standard of quality and 
appearance. To secure the best results, 
the above quantity should not be applied 
at once, but be divided into three lots and 
applied at intervals during the growing 
season. Leached ashes are not without 
value, as they contain about two per cent 
of potash, besides lime, so that if they were 
used It would require three or four times 
the quantity to produce the same effect as 
if fresh ashes had been used. E. E. s. 
If you name The R. N.-Y. to our adver¬ 
tisers you may be pretty sure of prompt 
replies and right treatment. 
FARM MILLS. 
_Frehch Burr' 
OVER 20,000 NOW IN USE 
Factory Established 
since I85L_ 
28 SIZES AND STYLES 
WARRANTED 
FOR GRINDING 
EAR CORN, SHELLED 
CORN, CORN and OATS, 
BUCKWHEAT and RYE. 
A BOY CAN OPERATE 
and keep in order. A complete Mill and Shel¬ 
ter for less than $100. Reduced 
Prices for Fall of 1890 and 1891. 
Highest Awards 
at Rt. Louis, Cincinnati, New Or¬ 
leans and Indianapolis Fair* and 
Expositions, Milling Book 
amd Bainplo of Meal sent free. 
FLOUR MILLS BUILT 
BY CONTRACT. 
Hordyhe & Harmon Company, 
THE ADVANCE HAY TEDDER. 
The most per'ect article of Its kind made. Ease of 
movement and f atlsfaetlon guaranteed. Also manu¬ 
facturers of Mowers, Itakes Hay Presses. Feed Cut¬ 
ters, Plows, etc. Write for Free Clreulai. Agents 
wanted In every locality. Address 
Ann Arbor Agricultural Co., Ann Arbor, Mich. 
Geo. Tyler & Co., Boston, Mass , Agents for the New 
England States, and R. C. Reeves Co., 185 & 187 Water 
Street, New York, Agent for Eastern New York. 
CROWN 
GRASS 
SEEDER. 
SOWS EVENLY AND ACCURATELY 
regardleta of wind and weather. 
tor desired 
Quantities. 
Light, Strong, 
Durable. 
Every one 
warranted. 
No Gearing. 
The very IIEST \ // All \!\// \\ I No friction. 
Machine ever made \l/iron *-Y / \\ I Wiro agitator 
to sow Clover and * wheel*. V \ / not affected 
Timothy. Send for circulars of XJr by weather 
this Sender and the "Crtwi GrzU and Fertilizer Drill.” 
CROWN MFG.CO.,Phelps N.Y 
IDEALFEED MILL 
and Power Combined 
WILL SAVE 
1-3 PER CENT. 
OF YOUR GRAIN. 
Remember it prinrlR EAR CORN ana an kmas or 
prrain FASTER AND BETTER than any other. Our line 
comprises Mvervthintf in the shape of GRINDING 
MILLS. Address for catalogue, 
STOVER MFC. CO., 
SOS Itlvcr Stroet, 
FltEEPOIiT, ILL. 
CLARK’S 
ROOT COTTERS. 
Acknowledged by all 
stock -aisers to be the 
only perfect Root Cutter. 
Send for New Circular. 
HIGGANUM 
M’F’G CORPORATION, 
Sole Manufacturers, 
HIGGANUM, CONN. 
F OR SALE.—An «0 acre fruit farm well Improved, 
near fruit market. A bargain. Address 
FRUIT HILL, Tonganoxle, Kan. 
CIUC Kin IICV ° ur 48,5 P»ge catalogue gives WHOLE- 
OH V C in UHL. I HALE price* to CONSUMERS on 
all kinds of ioerchaioii.se i n any quantity. Write quick. Address 
CASH lit: 1 Kit’S UNION, 5 AO Washington St., It. 48. Chicago, lit 
DEAF! 
■ NESS & HEAD NOISES CURED bv 
feck’s INVISIBLE TUBULAR EA1 
___CUSHIONS. Whispers heard. Cor/ 
fortable. Successful whore nil Items,lie, fail. Sold by K. HISCOX, 
.nly, 853 Br’dway, New York. Write for book of proof. KKKJC. 
. JONES SCALES 
THE CHEAPEST 
THE BEST.’’ 
cnR CRFF CATALOGUE 
I Ufl I It LL ADDRESS 
10NES of BINGHAMTON, Binghamton. N.Y. 
