i92 
MARCH 7 
HORTICULTURAL NOTES. 
Meetlner of the Western New York 
Horticultural Society. 
Concluded. 
(RURAL SPECIAL REPORT.) 
Dr. Caldwell spoke on Bacteria and Green 
Manuring. Green manure consists of 
water, ash and vegetable matter. Some 
elements of manure are caught by deep- 
rooted plants and others by those of shal¬ 
low growth. Clover, peas, rye and buck¬ 
wheat are the four chief plants used for 
green manuring In this country. Nitrogen 
is taken from the air by clover and peas ; 
but not by rye and buckwheat. Bacteria 
help to prepare food for plants, by aiding 
the dissolution of vegetable matter. A 
large number of bacteria are essential to 
good manuring, and they need an abun¬ 
dance of air and warmth. This is obtained 
by cultivation and the addition of humus 
which makes clay land crumbly and darker 
colored. The surface of the soil should be 
stirred over. An experiment in a vineyard 
in Germany, gave 118 pounds of nitrogen to 
the acre. To reach such a result would re¬ 
quire 10 tons of stable manure. Clover is 
most valuable the second year. Corn, rye 
and Canada thistles have no power to draw 
nitrogen from the the air, and are not prof¬ 
itable crops to turn under. 
Prof. Van Slyke read a paper on fruit 
from a chemist’s standpoint. All fruit is 
largely water, there being from 78 to 88 per 
cent of it, together with a small quantity 
of ash, a sligtly larger quantity of albumen, 
still more of pectin and a quantity of 
sugar. Fruit sugar has about the same 
sweetening power as cane sugar. The 
amount of pectin in fruit indicates its 
jelly-making powers. Delicious fruits are 
those which contain a large quantity of 
soluble matter. Sugar in fruit is increased 
by cultivation, etc. 
Joseph Harris said that manuring fruit 
trees is not an easy matter, as perhaps the 
fertilizers will not affect the trees for more 
than two years. The judicious use of fer¬ 
tilizers will not allow the growing of apples 
at 75 cents per bushel, but will give apples 
that are better worth $1 a bushel than the 
poor ones, 25 cents. 
Prof. Bailey said that the trend of public 
opinion was that varieties do not run out. 
Running out is merely the disappearance 
of varietal peculiarities through change, 
and does not meau deterioration or limita¬ 
tion of years. Varieties propagated by buds 
run out sooner than those propagated by 
seed. 
Michael Doyle, speaking of Western 
orchards, said that one orchard of 600 acres, 
near Fairmount, Kan., brought in $80,000 
this season. Good orchard land costs from 
$15 to $40 per acre. There will be an over¬ 
planting of orchards there in the next 10 
years as a result of this year’s success. 
That region will become the great apple- 
producing region of the world. The keep¬ 
ing qualities of the fruit are inferior to 
those of ours. Have we to yield to our 
Western brothers in fruit as in grain 
growing ? 
C. A. Green said that the old fruits of 
our boyhood have disappeared. There is a 
popular prejudice against new varieties 
and they are rarely profitable to the origi¬ 
nator. Great credit is due to the men who 
have given their time and money to the 
work of originating varieties. We are ad¬ 
vancing towards seedless fruits. Nut cul¬ 
ture, especially of the chestnut, is proving 
very profitable. 
Editor Reynolds couldn’t see any justice 
in the merchant receiving more for ex¬ 
changing the farmer’s produce for money 
than the farmer received for the rent of his 
land and interest on his investment as well 
as for his work and labor in selling. The 
honest dealer is a benefit, but the extortion¬ 
ate one is a curse to both producer and 
consumer. He limits consumption by high 
prices, and causes glutted markets. This 
State has never yet produced half the fruits 
its citizens would use if they were sold 
fresh and at reasonable figures. The popular 
opinion is that fruit, as compared with 
oilier food, is expensive; but estimated by its 
t-flect aiding in the extraction of tlie nuiri- 
Uve propel ties from other food, iu promot¬ 
ing digestion, assimilation and excretion, 
it compares favorably with either fi.-sh or 
farinaceous foods. By snppljiug moie 
plant food, cultivating the smi and water¬ 
ing, we can create vaii uioua t>eiier adapted 
to our use. Thus we i re permitted to assist 
in the process of evolution and progress. 
The society no a' numDeis more members 
than ever before, and one dol ar sent to tne 
secretary will entitle ihe sender to a com¬ 
plete copy of all papers and reports, 
v% inch are but skimmed over iu this report. 
,C. E. CHAPMAN. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
FORTY-SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT 
OF THE 
Office: Nos. 346 & 348 Broadway, New York 
EXTRA EARLY TRIUMPH 
SEED POTATOES. This is Kina of all early 
market potatoes. Ten days earlier than E. Rose or 
any standard variety. This 1 know by testing for 
three years past Ten days is indeed an object, as 
the early bird will eat eh t he highest market price 
this year. Twelve Other Standard Varieties. 
MV PEAS and SWEET CORN lead in earll- 
ness. I sell the best strains of seed for market 
gardeners and truck farmers. Large catalogue of 
90 pages, tells all about seeds, plants roses, bulbs and 
small fruits. Mailed free. C. E. ALLEN. 
Seedsman, Brattleboro, Vt. 
JANUARY t, 1891 
Amount of Net Assets, January 1, 1890, .... 
Less Contingent Sinking Fund (reduced value In securities, December 31). 
NewRareand Beautiful 
Plants. 
A Large Collection of Hot-house and Green¬ 
house Plants, carefully grown, at Low Rutes. 
ORCHIDS, a very extensive st^ck. East Indian, 
Mexican, Central and South American, etc. llnrdy 
Perennials, P monies, Phloxes, it oses, Clemntis, 
etc. New and Standard Fruits, Itnreand lieau- 
tifnl Trees, Shrubs, Evergreens, Vines, etc. 
Catalogues on application. 
JOHN SAUL, Washington, D. C. 
REVENUE ACCOUNT. 
.$28,863,851.71 
1,635,645 37- 
5,371,235.38 
441,341.64- 
Premlums.. 
Less deferred premiums, January 1, 1890 
Interest and rents, etc. 
Less Interest accrued Januany 1 1890. 
DISBURSEMENT ACCOUNT. 
Losses by death, and Endowments matured and discounted (including re¬ 
versionary additions to same). - • — - - .. 
Dividends (including mortuary dividends), annuities.and purchased insurances 
Total Paid Policy-holders .$13,2(9,544.02 
Taxes and re-insurances... . 
Commissions (including advanced and commuted commissions), brokerages, 
agency expenses, physicians’fees, etc... ... 
Office and law expenses, rentals, salaries, advertising, printing, etc. 
Tub universal favor ac¬ 
corded Tilling bast's Puget 
Sound Cabbage Seeds leads 
me to offer a 1*. 8. Geowm 
Onion, the finest Yellow (Hobs 
inexistence. To introduce itand 
show its capabilities 1 will pay 
$100 for the best yield obtain¬ 
ed from 1 ounce of seed which 
I will mail for 80 cts. Cata¬ 
logue free. 
Isaac F. TIIHnghast, 
La Plume, Pa. 
Cash on deposit, on hand, and in transit....... 
United States Bonds and other bonds, stocks and securities (market value, 
$6 , .. 
Bonds and Mortgages, first ilen on real estate (buildings thereon insured for 
$15,000,600 and the policies assigned to the Company as additional col¬ 
lateral security)...- • ••••••••"•••• _,,•••• 
Temporary Loans (market value of securities held as collateral, $5,39’,511). . 
♦Loans on existing policies (the Reserve on these policies, included in Lia¬ 
bilities, amounts to over $2.000,000). . .... . 
♦Quarterly and semi-annual premiums on existing policies, due subsequent 
to January l, 1891.••••.’ 
♦Premiums on existing policies in course of transmission and collection. (1 he 
Reserve on these policies, included in Liabilities, is estimated at 
Bulletin No. 7 (1889), Masse. Hatch Ex. Station, puts 
Cromwell first in earliness, yield, haidiness, and 
vigor of all BLACKCAPS, and second only to Gregg 
in size. In Bulletin No. 10 (1890) Cromwell ranks 
first in season, beats the Gregg in size, and is only 
equaled (not surpassed) in yield by one variety out 
of fourteen (the Nemaha, which is ten days later, and 
makes a good succession). If you want to know 
more about it. write the originator, 
G. 8. BUTLER, Cromwell. Conn. 
Catalogue of the really good fruits free. 
$115,947,809.97 
VERGREEN "quarters 
in the U. S. for hardy Nursery Grown 
, Evergreens, Eur.Larcri and Forest Trees, 
♦ Largest stock Best variety. All sizes 
,v for all purposes. Prices the lowest. 
■I We pack and ship with safety every- 
where. Price-list free, send for it he- 
jcT fore ordering elsewhere. D.II ILL, 
& Evergreen Specialist, DUNDEE, ILL. 
Surplus, Company’s Standard. §14,898,450.86 
Consisting of 
Estimated contingent Tontine Surplus Fund. $®>®F,«89 50 
Estimated General Surplus. b,«(,su.3t> 
From the undivided surplus, as above, the Board of Trustees have declared a Reversionary dividend to 
nortleinatim? nolieles iii nronortion to their contribution to surplus, available on settlement of next annual 
participating policies in proportion to their’contribution to surplus, available on 
premium. 
GROWTH OF THE COMPANY DURING THE PAST DECADE, 
New Insurance Issued. Insurance in Force. Assets. Annual I 
Tn the vear 1880 #22,225,979 I Jail. 1,1881.#185,726,9 6 I Jan. 1, 18sl.#48 183,934 1 1880. 
In the vear 1885!! "..V. 68.52',452 Jan. 1, 1 86. 25W4.500 Jan. , 1886 . 66.»b4 821 1855. 
In the year 1890.159,576,065 | Jan. 1, 1891. 568,S83,726 | Jan. 1, 1891.115,94,,810 I 1890. 
Seedlings, Hoot-pruned and Transplanted. 
Price List Free. Write for it. Address 
EDWARD HOI T. Scotch Grove, Jones Co., la, 
New Insurance, SI59,576,065. 
. Amount at Risk. 8569,338,726, 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
500.000 “Michel’s Karly.” Best and most 
profitable early variety ever introduced. Ten days 
earlier and much larger than Crescent. Beautiful, 
good and very productive: strong staminate ; bloom 
resists frost better than any other variety. 
500,000 “Warfield No. 2.” Most profitable 
midseason market variety In cultivation. Plants and 
packing guaranteed first class. Prices on either, S3 
per thousand. Special rates on large orders. 
R. MORRILL, Benton Harbor, Mich. 
JOHN N. STEARNS. 
WILLIAM L. STRONG, 
W. F. BUCKLEY. 
HENRY TUCK, 
A. II. WELCH, 
L. L. WHITE. 
ALEX. STUDWELL, 
WALTER H. LEWIS. 
EDWARD MARTIN, 
RICHARD MUSER, 
C. C. BALDWIN. 
E. N. GIBBS, 
W. B. HORN BLOWER. 
WILLIAM H. APPLETON 
WILLIAM II. BEERS, 
WILLIAM A. BOOTH, 
HENRY BOWERS, 
JOHN CLAFLIN, 
ROBERT B. COLLINS, 
II. C. MORTIMER, 
4 r\r\n nnn Extra Nice Young Strawberry 
1 ,UUU,UUU Plants, including all the best pay¬ 
ing kinds (and the old Albany Wilson pure). Priee, 
$1.75 to $2.25 per M. Address 
N. P. CREELY, Box 163, Burlington,N. J. 
WILLIAM H. BEERS, PRESIDENT. 
HENRY TUCK, Vice-President. 
ARCHIB’D H. WELCH, 2d Vice-President, 
RUFUS w. WEEKS, Actuary. 
THEODOBE M. BANTA, Cashier. 
A. HUNTINGTON. M. D., Medical Director, 
THE KANSAS 1=1 
largest early and most productive U»-»t Ksspberry 
for sale. A. II. GUI ESA, Drawer 28, Lawrence, Runs. 
EARLY SEED POTATOES. 
X/TINISTER, New Queen and Beauty of Hebron. 
iVJ. Ail from seed direct from G. W. P. Jerrard, 
daiue, last year. Reasonable prices. 
L. M. RUSSELL, fcOO E. Preston Street. 
Baltimore, Md. 
STUMP 
nuniPC QCCn POTATOES. V.Stoneroad.Lew- 
UnUluL oLtU Istown, Penn. Try something new. 
A fine variety of late introduction. 1 lb. for 8 2c stamps. 
S lbs. 50c post-paid. Get my descriptive Price I flUi 
List of 90 varieties by Pk, Bu. or Barrel. Very LU n. 
fSTs TUMP jtACHIHE- 
for sale. 
200 bushels Rural New-York ♦ No. 2 Pota 
„es. >(• •chant hi.-size noc IK any guai lity. 
J. M. Ml REUi'lH, C .lc uni P. O.. Be>ks Co.. Pa. 
photograph showing this machine at work This ™^stto 
IIv coming into use wherever there is land to clear and its n eras 
anding timber or -numns. Will pull an "ho"e 
a fifinn swoon of 2 sic*res at a A man. a boyjj , 00 1 .‘7 
nr rods to hanrTlo st^el wire rope beine: used instead. The cron 01 
r for the mwiiiae and have the machine and . 
r-rr cannot artm-d to be without one. much less to continue to pay 
then? not hi n-Vvlii I e they exhaust their cleared land by constant 
in diameter this machine will grub faster than six men can 
oav those interested in clearing land to investigate the merits of this 
•ated catalogue, giving priee. term 
lie manufacturers, JAMES MILNE A SOS. Scotch Grove. la- 
PiACHES. PEACHES 
51,03d 11.st class one-year trees. $5 per 100; $30 per 
ooo. CLARK PETTIT, Salem, N. J. 
here at wholesale and retail. 
5 L L O prices on application. 
E. S. JOHNSTON, Stockley, Del. 
PEACHT 
PLANTS OF 
Hosford’s Mammoth Grape, 
ONE DOLLAR EACH. 
Address GEO. HOSFORD, Ionia, Michigan. 
ALFALFA CLOVER SEED 
By the car-load or In any quantity. 
Write to W. A. HAWS, 
Las Animas, Bent County, Colorado, U. S. A, 
1881.... 
....#185,726,9 6 
[Jan. 
, 1881... 
.... #43 183,934 1 
1 86.... 
.... 258,624,500 
Jan. 
, 1886 .... 
.... 68.8b4,321 
Jan. 1, 
1891.... 
.... 568,S33,726 
Jan. 
, 1891.... 
...115,947,810 | 
