Profitable Farming de¬ 
pends as much on sell¬ 
ing as on producing. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER’S 
A crop which is well 
grotcn is only half 
way to market. 
MARKET, CROP AND NEWS SPECIAL. 
TRADE WINDS. 
Financial. —Reduced bank surplus and 
the continued drain of gold to Europe have 
affected the rates for loans. For good or¬ 
dinary security the rate was 5% to 6 per 
cent. Exchange was lower for long ster¬ 
ling, but unchanged for short in conse¬ 
quence of dearer discounts in London and a 
rise in the bank rate to 3% per cent, and 
there “was a fall of one cent per pound ster¬ 
ling in the former. A little closer money 
here and offerings of bills against securi¬ 
ties caused a reduction in rates for actual 
business for short to points which made 
gold exports unprofitable as an exchange 
operation, but $3,250,000 gold was shipped 
to Germany as a special order, and an im¬ 
pression prevails that the Bank of Berlin is 
strengthening its position in view of possi¬ 
ble political complications Indicated by 
movements of Russian troops toward strat¬ 
egical points on the Austrian and German 
f rontie rs. 
Wheat Exports —Exports of wheat (and 
flour as wheat) from the United States con¬ 
tinue heavy, says Saturday’s Bradstreet’s. 
At this rate to June 30, the prospect is for 
carrying over reserves, visible and invisible, 
of only 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 bushels, a 
fortnight’s supply. Stocks of wheat in ajjd 
out of farmers’ hands in the United States 
and Canada (excluding “in farmers’ hands” 
in Canada) are placed at 110,000,000 bushels 
(with spring wheat planted). Food and 
(present) export demands are about 32,000,- 
000 bushels per month. Exports of wheat 
(and flour as wheat) this week equal 2,458,- 
080 bushels, against 2,934,652 bushels last 
week and 2,146,646 bushels in the second 
week of April 1890. The total exported July 
1 to date is 77,373,221 bushels, against 86,- 
390,703 bushels in a like portion of 1889-90, 
and 70,688,947 bushels in 1888-89. Wheat 
prices for cash are strong and nominally 
six cents up, on increasing exports and 
heavier decreases of the available supply 
backed by a belief in small reserves. Tele¬ 
grams from the Canadian Dominion report 
the Ontario wheat crop doing well, with an 
encouraging influence on general trade. 
AGRICULTURAL NEWS. 
Wheat is six to twelve inches high in 
Delaware. 
The Florida State Horticultural Society, 
will meet at Interlachen, May 12. 
Arbor Day was quite generally observed 
by the New Jersey public schools on Fri¬ 
day. 
A California farmer is raising several 
thousand lavender plants for manufactur¬ 
ing perfumery. 
A Delaware chicken thief received five 
lashes and one month’s imprisonment for 
stealing one 50-cent bird. 
Hambletonian sired 41 2:30 performers. 
His sons sired 783, while his daughters pro¬ 
duced 72 that are in the 2:30 class. 
According to the Department of Agricul¬ 
ture, the average value of farm horses has 
risen from $58.44 to $67 during the last 
decade. 
California now has six ostrich farms. 
This country spends about $3,000,000 a year 
for ostrich feathers, which might as well 
be produced at home. 
An attempt has been made to form a com¬ 
bination among the manufacturers of berry 
baskets and crates on the Delaware Penin¬ 
sula, but so far without success. 
A conference between cattle exporters 
and steamship agents was held at Montreal 
last week. Space rates for May were deter¬ 
mined at 50s.; last year they were 77s. 
The American stallion Milton, by Smug¬ 
gler, won a two-and-a half mile interna¬ 
tional free-for all trotting race at Paris 
recently in 6:44%, rate of 2:43% per mile. 
A syndicate of Texas and Kansas stock- 
men has leased 8,000 acres of land in Mis¬ 
souri on which to keep range cattle, while 
feeding and fitting them for the market. 
Alewives are caught in great numbers 
in the Connecticut River this spring. If 
these fish are to become common as a cat¬ 
tle feed, this is of great interest to farmers. 
The Chaudiere Valley, one of the richest 
farming districts in the Province of Quebec, 
Canada, has been completely inundated by 
the rise of the Chaudiere River and serious 
damage is reported. 
Thomas Jefferson, the celebrated stallion, 
died at the Jefferson stables, Charter Oak 
Park, Hartford, Conn , on Thursday. He 
was 28 years of age, had a record of 2:23, 
and won two $10,000 races. 
Secretary Bagley of the Indiana State 
Board of Agriculture, after a trip through 
the northern part of the State, says there 
never was such a prospect for a large 
crop as there is this spring. 
Racine, Senator Stanford’s great 4 year- 
old, and that speedy 3-year old, Rinfax, 
carried off the honors in their events on 
the opening day of the Pacific Coast Blood 
Horse Association, last Saturday week. 
Sedalia, Mo., has been chosen as the place 
for holding the eleventh session of the 
National Farmers’ Congress, which will 
convene November 10, next and continue 
four days. Hon. B. F. Clayton, secretary, 
Macedonia, Iowa. 
A circular issued by the London Home 
and Foreign Produce Exchange, addressed 
especially to Canadian cheesemakers, com¬ 
plains that Canadian cheese shows a retro¬ 
grade tendency, and that much fault was 
found with the last season’s make 
A prominent French paper recently said 
that the French government would prob¬ 
ably be compelled to ask the Assembly 
before August to suspend the duties on 
cereals, and adds that the German govern¬ 
ment is expected to ask the Reichstag 
shortly to take similar action. 
The Arbor Day meeting of the Columbus, 
O., Horticultural Society will be held in 
the Experiment Station building on the 
University Grounds, April 25, at 2:30 o’¬ 
clock. The programme embraces essays on 
the general head: Some Trees to Plant, 
each essayist discoursing upon different 
trees. 
The Farmers' Alliance in Talbot County, 
Md., requests the General Assembly to 
enact the Australian Ballot Law, compel 
each elected candidate to make a sworn 
statement of his campaign expenses, make 
a new assessment, provide for equal taxa¬ 
tion, and repudiate the $25,000 appropriated 
to the Baltimore and Eastern Shore Rail¬ 
road. 
Last year the Division of Pomology, De¬ 
partment of Agriculture, issued a circular 
to orchardists containing a set of questions 
designed to secure information in relation 
to the culture of the apple. The crop was 
so nearly a failure in many parts that it 
has been deemed best to repeat these circu¬ 
lars this year and these have been for¬ 
warded to orchardists. 
Wine makers of the west side of Santa 
Clara Valley, California, have formed an 
association to secure better prices for their 
output. They will erect a cellar, winery 
and distillery in which they will handle the 
wines of members who have no facilities of 
their own. They will establish agencies at 
home and in the East, and will deal directly 
with consumers and retailers. 
A report from Chicago says that the oat¬ 
meal millers of the country have formed a 
combination to take the place of the Oat¬ 
meal Trust which went to pieces about a 
year ago. One of the members of the new 
organization is given as authority for the 
statement that there is no intention of ad¬ 
vancing prices, and that the only object of 
the combination is to limit the output and 
prevent prices going lower. 
The American Manufacturing Company, 
more widely and commonly known as the 
“Jute Trust,” has just completed and will 
in a few days begin to operate what prom¬ 
ises to be the largest mill in the world for 
the working of fiber. The mill is situated 
in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, and when in per¬ 
fect running order is expected to turn out 
of rope, binder twine and bagging together 
about 60,000,000 pounds per yet r. 
Hon. Robert P. Porter, Superintendent 
of the Census, in reviewing the agricultu¬ 
ral progress of the South during the last 
decade as exhibited by the official statis¬ 
tics, says that the fact that since 1865 near¬ 
ly $8,000,000,000 have been brought into the 
South to pay for cotton, explains in part 
the marvelous recuperative powers of that 
section since the war. While bad agricul¬ 
tural methods have made cotton raising 
unprofitable to many farmers, it is claimed 
that cotton is one of the most profitable 
crops that can be raised when its cultiva¬ 
tion is carried on intelligently and on a 
cash basis. The South produces about 
three fourths of the world’s annual cotton 
crop, but manufactures only about seven or 
eight per cent of what it raises, the re¬ 
mainder furnishing the material for spin¬ 
dles in New England and in Europe. The 
total cotton crop of the world now runs 
from about 10.000,000 to 11,000,000 bales, of 
which the South raises on an average of 
late years 7,000,000 bales. The value of the 
South’s agricultural products in 18S9 was 
over $250,000,000 greater than in 1879, and 
the value of its live stock $177,700,000 
greater. The assessed value of property 
increased in 10 years from $2 913,000,000 to 
$4,220,000,030, a gain of over $1,300,000,000, 
while the true value increased over $3,000- 
000,000 The timber resources of the South, 
Mr. Porter says, are far greater than those 
of any other portion of the United States, 
or indeed, of any civilized and well settled 
country in the world. It contains the 
largest area of wooded land and nearly 
one-half the merchantable timber in the 
United States. It has a greater variety of 
woods than any other section, and these 
enter into more industries, so that it may 
be safely asserted that all manufacturers 
using wood lor their principal raw mate¬ 
rial can be supplied therewith by this sec¬ 
tion of the country. 
Condensed Correspondence. 
Livingston County, Mich —Season very 
late. Very little plowing done yet. Wheat 
and clover wintered well. Grass just start¬ 
ing. Horses low and abundant—ail other 
stock booming; Wheat $1 ; potatoes 95 
cents to $1; clover seed $4.50. F. w. M. 
Parke County, Ind. —Ourwheat is look¬ 
ing very fine; acreage large, and as there is a 
poor promise of wheat in the wheat regions 
of the Old World, our farmers have a good 
promise of better times in the near future. 
The old scare of “farm mortgages, robber 
barons,” etc., is passing away to be fol¬ 
lowed, I hope, by confidence, progress and 
profit. The present prices of grains are high: 
wheat $1; corn 75 cents; oats 55 cents, and 
so on. No ground has been plowed yet— 
too wet. No oats sown. Our fruit pros¬ 
pects are very fine. Very little of any kind 
has been injured by the winter. Early pas¬ 
ture is excellent and this is the most pleas¬ 
ant season of the year. A. c. B. 
Genesee County, N. Y.-We are having 
warm weather and the roads will be in fine 
shape again soon. Wheat and grass are 
beginning to grow. Farmers are starting 
spring work with more energy than for 
a number of years on account of the big 
prices for produce. Every available foot 
of land will be put into spring crops this 
year. (What would we have done without 
McKinley?) A good deal of hay land 
will be plowed and planted, as hay has been 
very low. But, look out; hay will be hay 
yet. The indications now are that we will 
have a large crop of fruit this year—that 
is, of apples and pears. Peaches have not 
been much grown of late years, for the 
climate is not favorable. Corn has finally 
reached the 80 cent and potatoes the $1 
mark. A small-fruit craze seems to be 
starting again. Every one is going to get 
rich rightaway by growing berries. Look 
out for five cent berries for two or three 
years to come. Onions will be sowed 
extensively again this year, and with a 
favorable season a large crop may be 
looked for. C. F. 
Central Office, Meteorological Bu¬ 
reau, Cornell University.— Nearly all 
reports received this week state that co¬ 
pious rains and wet weather have met the 
requirements of the season, and that gen¬ 
erally vegetation has recovered from the 
effects of frost reported in the previous 
bulletin. Grass and grains have made a 
rapid growth in the southern and central 
sections of the State; and in the country 
north of the Mohawk these crops, though 
less advanced, have improved during the 
week, and are now in a vigorous condition. 
Fruits are doing well throughout the 
State, and have developed with especial 
rapidity in the lower Hudson Valley. 
Peaches, cherries, and small fruits in that 
region promise an unusually large yield. 
Plowing is in progress in all counties, 
though to a very limited extent over the 
northern part of the State, where the frost 
is scarcely yet out of the ground. 
In Westchester County, the greater part 
of the oat crop has been sown, and potatoes 
are being planted; and in eastern Long 
Island the seeding of grain and garden¬ 
making are well advanced. Through the 
remainder of the southern and central sec¬ 
tions, plowing, sowing and garden-making 
are well under way on light, dry soils ; and 
although these operations are still delayed 
by moisture In the ground, where the con¬ 
ditions are less favorable, farm work is 
probably as well advanced as it is usual, at 
this date, in all sections. The proapects for 
the coming season are now very favorable. 
E. A. Fuertes, Director. 
CROP AND MARKET NOTES. 
[If you flon’t And what you want to know on those 
pages, ask for It. - ] 
Utica reports hop market dull but firm 
at 26 to 30 cents. 
Live poultry will be lower after the 
Jewish holidays. 
Fine rains throughout Nebraska encour¬ 
age the farmers to hope for excellent crops. 
Good, clean, White Leghorn eggs sell for 
an advance over mixed or brown eggs in 
this market. 
Farther reports from the South Indicate 
that the injury from the frost referred to 
last week was very light. 
The Utica cheese market is firm at 12 to 13 
cents. Butter, dairy, 24 to 25 cents and 
creamery 25 to 25% cents. 
The prices of domestic onions continue 
to advance at the same time that foreign 
onions are on the decline. 
Marrow Squashes are best to grow for a 
late summer and early fall market. Hub¬ 
bards are best for winter market. 
Some Delaware growers say that if one- 
tenth of the buds now on the peach trees 
mature, this year’s crop will be unprece¬ 
dentedly large. 
Mr. E. L. Goodsell, who has just returned 
from California, reports that that State 
will probably have one of the largest crops 
of green fruit the State has ever produced. 
The New York Hop Dealers’ Exchange 
reports the number of bales of hops raised 
in New York last season at 95,332, and that 
the unsold stock on April 3 was 22,180 
bales. 
The Florida cabbage crop was the largest 
on record. One grower claims to have 
shipped 162 crates and received a few cents 
over $10; while the transportation com¬ 
panies received $187. 
The first regular bulletin of the Iowa 
weather and crop service reports the season 
from two to three weeks later than 
the average of recent years. No plowing or 
sowing was possible until the 4th inst. 
Forage is scarce, and stock in some parts 
of the State are suffering. The outlook is 
favorable for all wheat, fruit and grass. 
A cable dispatch from Berlin says that 
the Ministry of Commerce has ordered 
police agents to Institute private inquiries 
in regard to a corn ring, which, it is alleged, 
has sent enormous quantities of corn to 
Rotterdam in order to maintain prices at 
Berlin by the artificial scarcity. Specula¬ 
tors for a fall have been reduced to great 
difficulties to deliver corn sold on account. 
A crop report covering 75 counties in the 
Texas grain belt says that of the 75,-64 re¬ 
port an increased acreage of wheat, 72 re¬ 
port an increase in corn and 63 an in¬ 
creased acreage in oats. These increases 
range all the way from 14 to 100 per cent, 
and show a total increased acreage over last 
year in the State for wheat, corn and oats 
of between 75 and 100 per cent. Hall Coun¬ 
ty, in which no wheat was raised last year, 
this year raised 100,000 bushels. Out of 
the 75 counties, 23 in giving condition of 
crops, make complaints of late season, dry 
weather or poor stand for corn. These 
