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TIMELY TOPICS. 
The Commonwealth of Australia, ac¬ 
cording to the latest advices, will be even a 
moie imposing confederation than the 
earlier dispatches indicated. In addition to 
the various colonies on the island of Aus¬ 
tralia, it will also embrace the island of 
Tasmania or Van Dieman’s Land, and the 
still more important islands of New Zea¬ 
land, with an area nearly as large as that 
of Great Britain. This will give the new 
commonwealth an area larger than that of 
the United States, exclusive of Alaska, 
and a population of over 4,000,000. It will 
therefore be in area and population a more 
powerful federation than that of the United 
States about a century ago; yet though it 
is composed in the main of the same 
nationalities, and is substantially free, 
little or nothing is said in our papers about 
the birth of this new nation, which appears 
destined to do for southeastern Asia what 
this country has done for North America. 
The high ambition of the new common¬ 
wealth is shown in the provision of the 
new constitution, which gives the federal 
Parliament authority over the relations of 
Australia with the islands of the Pacific. 
Just as the United States long ago gave 
notice that no European government 
should lay a hand on any American nation, 
so Australia is evidently preparing to give 
notice that no foreign power must inter¬ 
fere in Polynesia. 
The President’s Journey through the 
South to the Pacific coast, has been quite 
an ovation. Everywhere politics is for 
the time dropped and the Chief Representa¬ 
tive of the Nation is received with the most 
cordial hospitality. Indeed, his reception 
throughout the South is one of the most 
gratifying signs of the times—a proof, if 
any were needed, that old animosities have 
passed away, and that all things have 
become new. In his excellent little speeches 
his references to matters of local pride 
have aroused enthusiasm, but his reiterated 
statement that the issues of other days 
ought to be buried, that we should so 
actively busy ourselves In preparation for 
a radiant and alluring future that no time is 
left to recall the differences which have cost 
us treasure and life, is everywhere received 
with cheers of universal approbation. 
Whatever may be the President’s object in 
his 9,000-mile trip, he can certainly not 
complain of the warmth and respect of his 
reception everywhere, and his journey is 
likely to be promotive of a more cordial 
fraternal national feeling all along his 
route, and can hardly injure his chances 
for a second nomination to the Presidency. 
The Era of Periodical Strikes will 
begin on May the first by a grand turn-out 
of from 100,000 to 190,000 miners in Penn¬ 
sylvania in favor of eight hours for a day’s 
work. Incidentally a demand for higher 
wages for shorter hours will, no doubt, be 
made here and there. Computing an 
average of five in a famly, this movement 
will affect at least half a million souls and 
bodies among the miners and their fami¬ 
lies. It is sure soon to result in a shortage 
of coal and the suspension or curtailment 
of work in numerous factories and work¬ 
shops which have no direct connection 
with the striking operatives. All over the 
country preparations are being made 
among workingmen to inaugurate strikes 
smaller in extent and usually local in their 
nature and Influence, at about the same 
time. The aggregate number of men 
voluntarily unemployed owing to this 
cause is likely to be over a quarter 
of a million in addition to upwards of 
half a million already compulsorily idle. 
Many of the malcontents, especially among 
the miners, have for years been forced to 
work hard at starvation wages and it is 
impossible not to feel sympathy with their 
efforts to better their condition, even 
when disapproving of the nature of their 
attempts to do so, or of the chief object of 
their present ambition. While farmers 
have less to do with such disturbances of 
labor than any other class, they probably 
suffer more from them than any other ex¬ 
cept those directly implicated in them. 
All the large strikes generally affect rail¬ 
road travel and. transportation directly 
or indirectly, and farmers, with perishable 
goods urgently demanding immediate 
markets, generally suffer severe loss and 
inconvenience. An extensive strike ma¬ 
terially lessens the strikers’ power to pur¬ 
chase agricultural products and thus cur¬ 
tails the markets not only during the con¬ 
tinuance of the disturbance but often for 
months afterwards owing to the depression 
caused by it. If successful, the tendency 
of all such efforts is to raise the wages and 
shorten the hours of farm labor; for the 
hired man on the farm is certain to be 
more or less influenced by his brother in 
the neighboring workshop. Then again, 
manufacturers must recoup their losses 
from strikes, whether due to suspension of 
their operations or to higher wages or 
to shorter hours for their hands, by adding 
to the prices of their goods, and of these 
the agricultural classes are the largest 
consumers, and are therefore mulcted the 
most heavily for the expenses of all large 
strikes. Here as in many other matters 
there is a good deal of truth in the old say¬ 
ing “The farmer pays for all.” 
The Patent Centennial.—O f all the 
centennials that have occurred, or will 
occur, in this century, it is doubtful if any 
is more fraught with interest to humanity 
at large than the Patent Centennial cele¬ 
brated at Washington the other day. The 
first patent law was passed by Congress in 
1790. At that time there wasn’t a steam¬ 
boat, railroad or telegraph in the world. 
Of all the vast number of modern labor- 
saving devices which have more than 
doubled the horse and hand power of the 
globe hardly one had been crudely con¬ 
ceived in any human brain. Yet which of 
them all has not been recorded in the Pat¬ 
ent Office ? In 1836 the records were de¬ 
stroyed by fire, and Congress took occasion 
to remodel the law substantially as it is to¬ 
day. From that time down to 1890, 475.785 
patents were issued. Every one of them 
represents the brain energy of some man 
trying to work out an idea in practical 
shape, and adapt it to some want or need 
of humanity. Every invention is the sug¬ 
gestion of an improvement, and every 
wide felt necessity stimulates some inven¬ 
tive mind to find a mechanical relief. A 
thousand years before are but as a day 
compared with the progress made during 
the last century, as evidenced by the rec¬ 
ords of our Patent Office. Of course among 
such a multitude of patents a large pro¬ 
portion are worthless, and doubtless a few 
fraudulent, and there is no doubt that ex¬ 
perience has shown that the patent laws 
are capable of beneficent amendments in 
many respects; still there can be no doubt 
that the system by stimulating the inven¬ 
tive genius of the country, and encourag¬ 
ing enterprise, has conferred enormous 
blessings on the nation. 
Japanese Buckwheat.— I had a lot of 
this variety ground last fall and sold the 
flour to families who used it, and every 
time I go to town some inquire for more, 
Btating that it was the very best buck¬ 
wheat flour they had ever used, and that 
they cannot find any as good at any of 
the stores. None of the parties when buy¬ 
ing knew that it was made from Japanese 
Buckwheat. P. s. 
Exeter, Pa 
