Profitable Farming de¬ 
pends as much on sell¬ 
ing as on producing . 
THE RURAL 
NEW-YORKER’S 
A crop which is well 
grown is only half 
way to market. 
MARKET, CROP AND NEWS SPECIAL. 
TRADE WINDS. 
Financial —Gold exports and increasing 
speculative activity seemed to have little 
disturbing influence on the New York loan 
market, the return of money from the in¬ 
terior being sufficient to keep the market 
well supplied. Money on call loaned in 
small amounts at five per cent last week, 
but the bulk of business was between three 
and four, making the average about 3%, 
and notwithstanding gold shipments, low 
bank ie3erves and an active market for 
stocks there appears to be an abundance of 
loanable funds. Lenders on time employed 
brokers to place their money, and the de¬ 
mand was not urgent. Rates were four 
per cent for 60 to 90 days, 4% to five for four 
to five months, and five to 5K for six 
months on good security. The bank state¬ 
ment showed a gain of $1,464,400 in cash 
and of $2 655 275 in surplus reserve, carry- 
ing this item up to $6 975,125. Exchange 
remained unchanged at $4.86 for long and 
$4 89)^ for short, and the tone was steady 
at the close. The shipments of gold for the 
week were $1,500,000 on Wednesday and 
$1,690,000 on Saturday. The Indications 
at the close of the week pointed to the end¬ 
ing of the movement to the Continent, but 
it was regarded as probable that shipments 
would soon be made to London. 
The Industrial Situation —The first of 
May has of late years been the chosen time 
for labor organizations to enforce their de¬ 
mands in favor of labor. For some reason 
it seems a favorite time for ordering strikes, 
engaging in parades and otherwise securing 
the attention of the public to the alleged 
grievances of the laboring man. The com¬ 
ing month promises to equal, if not to ex¬ 
cel. its predecessors in the magnitude of 
the labor movement and in the number of 
men out of employment. Last year the 
building trades made a concerted move¬ 
ment for an eight-hour law and, in a large 
number of cases, secured concessions to tl e r 
demands. In many other cases where the 
movement apparently failed at the time, 
the principle contended for has since bien 
partially or wholly granted. Many belong¬ 
ing to the building trades who failed to 
secure the granting of their demands last 
year, or who did not consider the time 
opportune for pressing their claims will 
undoubtedly press the movement, this year. 
In fact, some have already done so and 
others will during the coming week. An¬ 
other numerous and important branch of 
industrial workers who will move during 
the coming month are the bituminous coal 
miners of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, 
Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. These, Includ¬ 
ing the coke workers already on strike, will 
Inc ude, probably, anywhere from 100.000 
to 200,000 men. A strike among the coal 
miners at this season will not prove as dis¬ 
astrous as during the season of greatest 
demand, but it will inevitably disturb the 
balance existing between a uniform de¬ 
mand and a regular supply. A notable fact 
in connection with many of the labor 
demands, is the apparent readiness with 
which concessions are made as compared 
with former times. This is not always the 
case by any means, but it is becoming so 
fr*quent as to be noticeable. The only 
recent strike in which violence has resulted 
is among the Hungarian and Polish coke 
workers in Pennsylvania. Several strikes 
have been amicably settled and the ten¬ 
dency seems to bs to settle differences In 
this way more than formerly. All these 
disturbances affect the country at large 
and the farmer among the rest. If the 
artisan works but eight hours per day his 
brother on the farm naturally feels inclined 
to abbreviate his day. Hut the latter’s 
work must mostly be done in about eight 
months, the rest of the year being a season 
of comparative leisure, while the work of 
the former extends throughout the year. 
Iiie Wiieat Boom —Last week wheat 
prices went up to $1.25K with a rush. 
There was nothing apparent on the face of 
the market to warrant such a figure. The 
Herald gives what is supposed to be the 
true inwardness of the situation and the 
reaction which followed: It said that the 
continent is clear ahead of the game. It 
bulldozed John Bull into taking a hand in 
the bull deal weeks ago by goboling up all 
the floating cargoes within reach. Chiefly 
it was the French against the English, and 
the French won. John Bull became so 
frightened at seeing Paris, Antwerp and 
other continental markets snapping up all 
the cargoes available, that he, too, made a 
rush to buy. The continent has made 
the money. It has not been so much a de¬ 
mand for wheat for actual use as it has 
been a big bull speculation. The conti¬ 
nent has paid c ff old scores in Chicago, too. 
It remembered how Chicago plundered it 
two years ago, and this year it pa'd the 
operators of the Windy City with a ven¬ 
geance. Not but what some continental 
operators have been bearish—not but what 
such persons have been made to suffer se¬ 
verely for their temerity inplayiDg the bear 
side once too often, but in the main the 
continent has been bullish and has made 
large emoluments. Chicago won’t very 
soon forget the bull deal of 1891. “The 
whirligig of Time brings in Its revenges.” 
Continental bulls have collected heavy toll 
of Chicago and the United Kingdom. It 
looks a little now as though the continent, 
after taking profits on big blocks of wheat, 
would be glad to see a sharp reaction. 
Hence the reports of fine weather In 
France. 
Middlemen’s Profits Saved to the 
Consumer. 
We sell direct to the consumer, and can 
save you 20 ptr cent on the Buggy. The 
“Complete Horse Book” tells how. Sent 
for lOcents silver or stamps. Pioneer Buggy 
Company, Columbus, O.— Ado. 
AGRICULTURAL NEWS. 
April was most favorable for work. 
A large acreage of peppermint is being 
planted this year. 
The road question is growing in import¬ 
ance in the minds of farmers. 
The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society 
held its regular meeting last week. 
The number of farms sold at mortgage 
sale this spring has been unusually large. 
The reduced stocks of grain are impelling 
farmers to increase their acreage this year. 
The dairymen are calling for the enforce¬ 
ment of the oleomargarine laws in Penn¬ 
sylvania. 
The opening of the canals in this State 
for navigation has been ordered for Tues¬ 
day, May 5. 
About a dozen Pennsylvania children 
were poisoned by eating wild parsnips. Sev¬ 
eral have died and others are in a critical 
condition. 
The State Farmers’ Alliance Convention 
met at Hornellsvilie last Thursday. Over¬ 
tures from the Knights of Labor looking 
to an affiliation with that order were cold¬ 
ly received. 
An Ohio woman in crossing a field was 
chased by a horse with the rabies and only 
escaped by the animal’s being attacked 
with a spasm, thus giving her time to 
reach a place of safety. 
The new Delaware game law prohibits 
any one from sending or taking out of the 
State and any non-resident from taking out 
of the county any quail, partridge, robin or 
English snipe or wild rabbit under a penalty 
of $5 for each bird or rabbit. 
The Southern California OraDge Carni¬ 
val opened in Chicago last week. Thtre are 
500,000 oranges grouped in neat and attrac¬ 
tive designs. A bouquet containing 3.000 
roses was presented to the management 
by the Fruit Gtowers’ Association of Chi¬ 
cago. 
The Interstate Commerce Commis¬ 
sion has just decided in a case brought 
before it, that live hog-', live cattle 
and the dressed products of each are com¬ 
petitive commodities entitled to relatively 
reasonable rates for transportation, based 
on the cost of service. 
A dispatch from Omaha, Neb., says: 
During the last winter the great scarcity 
of grain throughout Kansas and Dakota 
caused stockmen to dispose of their cattle 
at any price. Now great fear is entertained 
by stockmen in these districts, lest they be 
unable to secure stock cattle this season. 
Nelson Morris is building a private stock- 
yard at Chicago, by means of which he ex¬ 
pects to escape the 25 cents a head yardage 
charges made by the Union Stock-Yards 
on cattle. It is supposed that Armour and 
Swift will follow suit. The stockyards 
company will take the matter into the 
courts. 
An Ohio farmer had several hundred 
pounds of honey stored in an upper room 
of his house. During the absence of the 
family on a warm day their bees entered 
through an open window, and the weather 
turning cold suddenly they were unable to 
leave and remained in possession of the 
house during the night. 
Arbor Day occurs in New York this year 
May 8. The observance of this day by the 
schools is increasing yearly ; in 1889, it is 
said that 5 647 schools participated in plant¬ 
ing 24 166 trees; in 1890, 8,1C6 schools 
planted a total of 27,130 trees. Rightly 
managed, this work and its results may be 
made an educational agency of the highest 
importance. 
A dispatch from San Antonio, Tex , says 
that after a conference between Secretary 
Rusk and many prominentstock-m-n from 
Colorado, Wyoming and other States, the 
Secretary of Agriculture rescinded his re¬ 
cent order moving the quarantine line 
many miles south of the 36rh parallel of 
latitude. This leaves the qutrantine line 
theBame as before, at the 36tn parallel. 
A scheme has been on foot to combine all 
the plaster mills in Ohio, Michigan, Kan¬ 
sas and some other Western localities. 
The parties interested are very still about 
the matter. If the scheme is successful all 
the mills will be formed into a corporation 
called the National Gypsum Plaster Com¬ 
pany. In any event it is thought prices 
will be advanced May 1. 
A Texas sugar refiner obtained from the 
Solicitor of Internal Revenue a decision 
that any producer may refine his own or 
any sugar if the refinery is kept apart from 
the factory where the sugar is made, and 
that he can draw one bouncy. This decision 
will, if a refinery be built In the South, ob¬ 
viate the existing necessity of shipping raw 
sugar hundreds of miles to Philadelphia to 
be refined. 
The Secretary of Agriculture having in¬ 
formed the Treasury Department that in 
his opinion arsenicated slaughter hides 
may be treated as hides thoroughly disin¬ 
fected, the Collector of Customs at New 
York has been authorized to admit im¬ 
portations of such hides to entry without 
the production of the certificate of disin¬ 
fection required by the Treasury Depart¬ 
ment’s circular of October 16, 1890. 
The Bureau of the American Republics 
is in receipt of information from Jamaica 
to the effect that the Canadian Commis¬ 
sioners to the exposition there are making 
extraordinary efforts to extend the sale of 
Canadian breadstuffs and manufactures in 
that island. The Canadian millers are 
trying to introduce their flour by giving 
away dally samples of the flour and bread 
baked from the same at the Exposition 
building. 
A special committee of the Illinois Leg¬ 
islature, which has been investigating the 
Chicago Live Stock Exchange, presented 
its report last week. It finds that the 
Exchange has boycotted the American 
Live Stock Commission Company, that its 
charges are unreasonably high, and that 
in other wajs it is conducting its business 
in a manner detrimental to the live stock 
interests of the country. The report was 
accompanied by a bill intended to remedy 
the evils pointed out. 
Milk has not been so scarce in Philadel¬ 
phia in a dozen years as at present. The 
winter price is maintained and is likely to 
be for borne weeks to come. The explana¬ 
tion given is that on account of the high 
price of feed dairymen are not feeding their 
cows so liberally as usual with the result 
of a shrinkage in the milk supply of 15 to 
20 per cent. Another cause may be that on 
account of the previously unsatisfactory 
prices of milk, large quantities have been 
diverted to the creameries to be made into 
butter. There are said to be more dry cows 
than usual at this time of year, also, as 
more farmers are engaging in winter 
dairying. 
Two years ago the manufacturing firm of 
Russell & Co., Massillon, Ohio, made the 
experiment of shipping a train-load of en¬ 
gines and thrashers to its branch house at 
Portland, Oregon. The venture was so 
successful that it was followed by another 
last year, and this year they have forwarded 
another. The train consisted of 28 air-brake 
cars and left the factory on the 22nd inst. 
It ran by day light only and stopped at 
different points along the line to allow the 
farmers to view the machinery.' 
The phosphate mining industry in Flori¬ 
da has developed rapidly since 1889, when 
one company commenced mining on a 
small scale. A list of companies now 
operating there shows that over $12,000,000 
has been invested within two years and 
that these companies now have a daily ca¬ 
pacity of 2,000 tons of phosphate rock, 
which will be increased shortly to 3,000 
tons by the completion of mining plants 
now under construction. In addition to 
these companies, 51 others, with an aggre¬ 
gate capital of over $21,000,000, have been in¬ 
corporated to develop phosphate lands, but 
are not yet at work. In South Carolina 
there are 28 phosphate mining companies, 
with an aggregate capital of $4,510,000, and 
the production last year was 537,149 tons. 
There are also 18 fertilizer manufacturing 
companies in that State, having a capital 
of $5 000 000. 
A meeting of trotting-horse breeders from 
all parts of the United States was held at 
Chicago last week. About 150 breeders were 
present. TheNationalTrotting-Horse Breed¬ 
ers’ Register Association was organized and 
negotiations with Mr. J. H. Wa lace re¬ 
sulted in the purchase of The Wallace Trot¬ 
ting Register for $130,000 A stock com¬ 
pany was then formed with $150,000 capital. 
The association elected the following per¬ 
sons as Its first board of directors: H. C. 
Jewett, New York; F. Y. Waters, Mississ 
Ippi; J L Mitchell, Wisconsin; T. M Fogg, 
Tennessee; C. F. Emery, Ohio; F. Rock- 
feller, Ohio; C W. Williams, Iowa; H. C 
Cham be i lain, Virginia; W. R. Allen, 
Massachusetts; C. J. Hamlin, New York ; 
W. P Ijams, Indiana; S. Parker, Illinois; 
F. L. Gorton, Illinois; M. Saulsbury, Cal¬ 
ifornia ; J. C. Sibley, Pennsylvania; N. J. 
Colman, Missouri ; F. E. Perkins, Rhode 
Isla-d; P. P. Johnson, Kentucky; H. C, 
McDowell, Kentucky ; Walter J Clark, 
Michigan ; W. I. Hayes, Iowa ; M. Daly, 
Utah ; L. H. Rundall, Connecticut; N. J. 
Jones, Nebraska; W. H. Raymond, Mon¬ 
tana; S. A. Brown, Michigan; M. D. Combs, 
California; E. A. Smitfl, Kansas; and A. C. 
Bruce, Minnesota 
The Convenience ol Solid Trains. 
The Erie is the only railway running 
solid trains over its own tracks between 
New York and Chicago. No change of 
cars for any class of passengers. Rates 
lower than via any other first-class line.— 
Adv. 
CROP AND MARKET NOTES. 
Gift or Return Crates ? 
Representatives of the New York Gro¬ 
cers’ Union and the Wholesale Fruit 
Dealers’ Association held a meeting last 
week to discuss the question of gift or re¬ 
turn crates for berries. The retail grocers 
asked that the wholesale dealers put a reg¬ 
ular price upon their berries, which should 
cover the cost of the cup, so that the cup 
need not be returned. The grocers’ argu¬ 
ment was based upon the grounds of con¬ 
venience to the trade, and also upon the 
sanitary consideration that the cups went 
into all sorts of places, like hospitals, 
prisons, asylums and ash-barrels, and were 
returned contaminated, to be filled up with 
new fruit. The wholesale men said that if 
the retail men were honest in their de¬ 
mands they would be willing to pay the 
half-cent which the cup cost. This the re¬ 
tailers were not willing to do unless 
the wholesale dealers should establish a 
rule that no cup3 were to be returned, and 
that no retailer should have choice in pur¬ 
chasing. To this the wholesale men said 
they could not consent, and agreed that 
