i89i 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
When drowning men for aid implore, 
Some people run along the shore. 
And weep and pray and hope, 
Till others with some common sense, 
Come like a blessed Providence, 
And throw a saving rope. 
If you are diseased, a word concerning 
the remeiy for your trouble will be a saving 
rope to you. O oserve what the rescued 
have to say: 
Drs. Starkey & Paler : “Since using 
your Compound Oxygen Treatment, I 
have a wonderful appetite and my nerves 
also are much stronger.” — Mrs. A. Q 
Brown, Janesville, Wis., August 5, 1889. 
Das Starkey & Palen: “I used your 
Compound Oxygen Treatment seren years 
ago for a bad cough and general debility 
with good results.”— Mary S. Boyd, Sand¬ 
wich, Ill , June 28, 1889. 
Drs Starkey & Paler: “I have used 
your Compound Oxygen Treatment in my 
family in cases of debility, and have ob¬ 
served decide! benefit resulting from it.”— 
J. D. Logar, D D., President of Central 
University, Richmond, Ky., May 23, 1889 
Drs Starkey & Paler: “Since using 
your Compound Oxygen Treatment I have 
seldom had a sick headache.”— D. W. La- 
Grarge, St. James, Minn., May 13, 1889. 
These testimonials are good in so far as 
they go, but you’d feel easier if you had— 
say a thousand or more. Well you can 
have them if you write to Drs. Starkey & 
Palen for their 200 page book. It will be 
sent free of charge to any one addressing 
Drs. Starkey & Paler, No. 1529 Arch 
Street, Philadelphia, Pa., or 120 Sutter 
Street, San Francisco, Cal — Adv. 
LIVE STOCK— Continued. 
Judgment for the Dog —A “learned 
judge” in Scotland has just delivered a 
remarkable opinion in a sheep-killing case. 
A farmer caught a dog in the act of worry¬ 
ing his sheep and promptly shot him. 
Then the dog owner brought suit for $125 
damages and, strange to say, won a verdict 
of $70, including costs. In the strange 
“ opinion ” rendered by the judge he said 
that while a man must pay for damage 
done by his dog, he must also be paid for 
the dog if it was killed 1 The man who 
killed the dog, he said, must take the 
chances of beiDg obliged to pay for it! The 
reason given for this strange opinion was 
that “some hunting dogs are of more value 
than a dozen sheep—some fancy dogs more 
than a big flock of sheep;” and again, “I 
should,” added the learned judge, “ be slow 
to hold that in order to save the life of a 
sheep, value $ 6 , aDy man is to be entitled 
to shoot a dog worth 20, 50 or 100 times as 
much.” How is a man to defend his prop¬ 
erty under such circumstances ? In old 
times, as the Mark Lane Express says, a 
lord might kill a serf and atone for it by 
paying a fine. Let a serf raise hand against 
a lord and death, with torture thrown in, 
was his portion. The world has changed 
since that day! 
Sheep in a Dairy.— Never keep cattle 
and sheep in the same pasture. Every 
careful observer will tell you that all other 
animals without exception avoid the pas¬ 
ture where sheep have grazed, unless 
starved. Another reason for doing so is 
that sheep bite much closer than cattle, 
thereby having an advantage over the lat¬ 
ter in gaining a living. 1 would scrupu¬ 
lously avoid keeping sheep on a dairy-farm 
unless they could occupy separate pastures. 
There are farms that will admit of both 
and produce a profit, especially if the pas¬ 
tures contain brush or are extremely 
broken and inaccessible to cattle. H. A. w. 
Prefers Chester Whites.— My father 
kept White Chesters since 1835. I was 
brought up to them and knew no other 
kind till I ventured in the West in 1870, 
where, to my surprise, I found an animal 
they called a hog —black? I was told the 
white hogs were of no account in that cli¬ 
mate, and, like the rest of mankind, went it 
black. I bought six very handsome sows 
with white tips on feet, nose, and end of 
tail, said to be Berkshires. They were 
handsome, but wild, roving, squealing, 
and looking for a hole to get into devil¬ 
ment. I kept them two years and dis¬ 
carded them, as I could not get over 
200 to 250 pounds out of them in a year. 
I then got as good specimens of Poland- 
Chinas as could be had. I found them a lit¬ 
tle larger, but equally big squealers and 
eaters as the Berkshires. I discarded them, 
as it took too much feed to keep up their 
music. Having enough of others’ views, I 
got into my own experience as quickly as 
possible. 1 selected the best I could find of 
my native county hogs, and can safely say 
there is no roving around for devilment; 
no music at any time, not even when feed¬ 
ing, but perfect patience and intelligence. 
I have a class of hogs that are ripe any time 
after six months old, and that will weigh 
from 150 to 200 pounds at that age, according 
to feed. t. b. eyans. 
A Kansas Dairy Farm.—W e get 25 cents 
per pound for our butter from the time the 
cows are taken off the pasture, and 20 cents 
while on pasture. From an average of five 
cows, I sold $203.75 of butter last year. 
They are Short-horns, with a strain of 
Hereford blood. I sold 901% pounds of butter 
and our family consumed from four to six 
pounds per week. I sold eggs and fruit 
enough to make $250 in all. I use the Bent¬ 
wood churn and make my butter in granu- 
larstyle. It is put up in pound prints in 
winter and each customer furnishes a dish 
for his butter in the summer. No record 
was kept of the sales of the farm, which 
consists of 160 acres: but we raised 1,000 
bushels of corn, worth 50 cents per bushel, 
and 75 tons of hay, worth $10 per ton, and 
75 bushels of potatoes. The 30 bushels of 
early ones were sold for $1.25, and the late 
were worth 75 cents per bushel. My stock 
consists of 22 cattle, 5 horses and 16 hogs. 
Pittsburg, Kan. E. M. C. 
How Cows Differ —But few people, 
few breeders and dairymen, realize the 
difference in cows, even those of the same 
breed. In our own herd the difference is 
surprising. Two cows of the same age, 
both superior in form, quality and all 
points which denote a superior cow, of 
about the same size, drop their calves at 
about the same time, are put in the same 
stable, are fed and milked by the same 
men, consume the same amount and kind 
of food, and at the end of the year one has 
given a little over 12,000 pounds, and the 
other over 20,000 pounds of milk. Both are 
good, but observe the difference. With all 
the conditions and expenses the same, one 
cow gives over 8,000 pounds of milk more 
than the other. Actual tests showed the 
milk from the two cows to be about the 
same in quality. Two heifers from the 
same dam but by different sires, were 
tested for butter at about the same age, at 
the tame season of the year, on about the 
same kind and amount of feed, and one ex¬ 
ceeded the other by over 100 per cent. 
SMITHS, POWELL & LAMB. 
If these results are obtainel in a herd 
that has been bred for years with the 
greatest possible skill, what must be the re¬ 
sults in the average herd where the calves 
“are sired by helter-skelter and dammed at 
convenience ? ” There must be differences 
in the members of given herds. Are there 
not differences between the tastes and 
capabilities of the boys and girls of given 
families ? We would place a boy in train¬ 
ing for his life’s work as he showed apti¬ 
tude for mental or mechanical labor. The 
life losses are made when we try to drive 
smart children away from the work they 
are fitted for. The two great classes of 
cattle labor are represented by the pail and 
the block. How often must it be repeated 
that forcing a cow designed by nature for 
making beef, to work in a dairy is a losing 
business ? 
Special Purpose with Farm and 
Stock. 
I notice that most farmers or stock rais¬ 
ers who have made any sort of a success 
of their business, as well as those who have 
made a great success of it, have followed 
some particular line from their earliest 
boyhood; and to this they have devoted 
most of their time and attention. They 
have exercised forethought and planned 
for their business a long time before start¬ 
ing on their own hook. 
I wish to direct my remarks in particular 
to the small farmers who raise a great 
variety either of agricultural products or 
stock. T. B. Terry, a great writer in this 
particular line, said : “ If there is any way 
for a small farmer to be always poor, it is 
by raising a little of everything ” I wish to 
add that if there is anything to make farm 
life disagreeable, it is keeping all kinds of 
stock, or even any one kind without pre¬ 
vious arrangement and study of the busi¬ 
ness. 
I have often been about small farms, 
where everybody acted as though he in¬ 
tended to move out to-morrow, and hadn’t 
time to set up business in first-class order. 
Then the proprietor would go about making 
excuses for inefficient methods, the faults 
of which he could see himself. One com¬ 
mon expression among such people is: 
“ Next year, when I get a little time, I am 
going to make this stable warm and 
handy and feeding profitable.” The fellow 
who is always going to mend some time in 
the future never finds the time to do so. 
Make things right at the start; study what 
you want, then exercise forethought and 
make things work systematically from the 
outset. Then you will not work one month, 
or even one day, at a loss or without real¬ 
izing a fair amount of gain. Doesn’t one 
thing run at a profit bring better returns 
than two run at a loss ? Farming will be 
a more pleasant and profitable occupa¬ 
tion when we study and plan to make a 
success of some particular line as a 
specialty. w. o. bartley. 
Is New-Process Linseed Meal 
Laxative ? 
On page 305 of The Rural a writer says: 
“ Linseed-oil meal is of two kinds—new- 
process and old-process. The difference is 
that the old-process meal ontains about 12 
per cent of oil and the new-process meal 
next to none at all. The old-fashioned meal 
is not in any way obj-ctlonable, as the oil 
prevents costiveness which frequently 
causes abortion. * * * It is quite prob¬ 
able that the oil meal has been the cause of 
the loss of the lambs and the absence of 
milk.” The fact is that there is over three 
per cent of oil in new process meal and in 
some old process but little more than three 
per cent and never beyond eight per cent. 
No mill could be tolerated that would let 
12 per cent of oil go in its meal. While so 
much as 12 per cent in the feed is objec¬ 
tionable, new-process meal contains more 
of the mucilage of the seed and owing to 
this and the increase in its albuminoids to¬ 
gether with the decrease of the oil it is away 
ahead of old-process meal for pregnant 
stock feed. meal feeder. 
R. N.-Y.—We think our friend has missed 
the point of the answer referred to, viz: 
that pregnant animals cannot be safely fed 
concentrated food unless precautions are 
taken for keeping them in a laxative con¬ 
dition by feeding roots or ensilage. The 
man who asked the question fed nothing 
but dry food. Mr. Henry Stewart, who 
wrote the answer referred to, sends the fol¬ 
lowing explanation We shill be glad to 
have the experience of others as to the lax¬ 
ative effect on the system of new-process 
meal: 
“ This is not a question of the value of 
linseed meal for feeding at all, but of the 
propriety of feeding concentrated and 
highly nitrogenous food to a pregnant ani¬ 
mal. As a rule, this is dangerous, and es¬ 
pecially when the food tends to such a con¬ 
dition of the bowels as will favor a feverish 
state of the system, which may easily re¬ 
sult in abortion. New-process meal has all 
the oil extracted that can be, by means of 
the best solvents, leaving the albuminoids 
greatly in excess of such a nutritive ratio 
as would be safe for a pregnant ewe, and 
sheap are more susceptible to injury by 
such feeding than cows. There is no ques¬ 
tion of the value of the linseed meal as a 
food for common use, but no concentrated 
food of this kind is safe for any animal 
when near parturition, and especially for 
ewes, which are much more susceptible 
than cows. It is not that the meal itself is 
an unsafe food generally, but that the per¬ 
son who fed it made a mistake in using it 
at a time when it should have been with¬ 
held. 
Mr. Woodward’s Opinion. 
The answer to H. H. C. on page 805 of 
The Rural, is “ away off.” No oil meal 
made at the present time contains 12 per 
cent of oil or even 6 ; the average is about 
4% per cent. There is not the least danger 
of ewes chokiDg from eating dry meal or of 
its clogging in the stomach. We feed from 
600 to 800 sheep each winter and could not 
think of feeding meal in any other condi¬ 
tion than dry. The probable cause of the 
premature delivery of H. H. C.’s ewes was 
because of the very large feed of corn with 
no succulent food, and that was the certain 
cause of the lack of milk. I would not rec¬ 
ommend the feeding of a particle of corn to 
pregnant store ewes. I would much prefer 
a mixture of oats, linseed meal and bran 
and in all cases pregnant ewes for at least 
six weeks, or better, two months, or, best of 
all, all winter, should have some kind of 
green or succulent food. Cabbages, man¬ 
gels, turnips and apples are all good as 
green foods, and ensilage is capital as a 
succulent food. I have long since discarded 
the notion that it was unsafe to feed ewes 
before lambing, heavily on grain. We b.^gin 
to feed our ewes on grain before putting 
them into the foldsdn the fall and feed liber¬ 
ally all winter, and we find that with the 
green food or ensilage, no matter how fleshy 
they are, we have no difficulty with the 
ewes or lambs. There is a hundred times 
more danger of their having too little than 
too much food at this time. 
Niagara Co., N. Y. 
Advertisers treat all correspondents 
well if they mention The Rural New- 
Yorker. 
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377 
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Window Gardening. 
A Lot of Delightful and Prac¬ 
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THE RURAL PUBLISHING CO., 
Times Building, New York. 
TME NEW 
POTATO COLTORE. 
By ELBERT S. CARMAN. 
Editor of “ The Rural New-Yorker.” 
Originator of the Foremost of Potatoes -Rural New 
Yorker No. 2. 
Originator of The Rural Trench System. 
This book gives the result of 15 years’ 
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Manures and Fertilizers; Kinds and 
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Depth of Planting. 
How much Seed to Plant. 
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THE RURAL PUBLISHING CO., 
Times Building, New York. 
