1891 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
387 
BRIEFS— Continued. 
of my rew gladioli in The R. N.-Y. of 
April 11. They grow one-third to one-half 
taller with you than with me. When I 
began growing seedlings, some 12 years 
ago, I purchased seed from every one that 
offered it either in Europe or America, and 
during the first few years not one out of 
each 1,000 was equal in size and beauty to 
the average of those now raised after the 
many annual selections of seed. I was al¬ 
ways surprised to see how large a propor¬ 
tion were inferior. Now, each season, I am 
more surprised to see how many wonder¬ 
fully brilliant ones there are.”. 
“ If your sulphur remedy,” continues 
Mr. Burbank, “for the very troublesome 
fungoid growth which accumulates on the 
soil of boxes of seedlings under greenhouse 
cultivation prove effective, it will remove 
half of my greenhouse tribulations. The 
other half Is occasioned by a species of 
thrips.”. 
“The mysterious decay and disappear¬ 
ance after a year or two of lily bulbs, 
especially L. Brownt and auratum, has 
caused great loss and disappointment and 
rendered them much less popular than they 
otherwise would be. I have always found 
thrips to be the cause of the decay, and 
not the result of it as has been generally 
supposed. The bulbs of Auratum have 
less of the bitter principle than those of the 
other lilies, and those of Browni are 
wholly free from it. In my collection the 
bulbs decay in proportion to the amount 
of this bitter principle they contain, and I 
notice thrips always accompany the de¬ 
cay and are abundant In proportion to the 
rapidity of it. They are the cause. What 
is the remedy ?” 
Prof. L. H. Bailey, of Cornell, says of 
“The New Potato Culture,” that it irre¬ 
sistibly awakens a desire for more knowl¬ 
edge and the reader’s first impulse is to be¬ 
come an experimenter, too. It is a book 
which the farmer will read several times, 
and at every reading a flood of new sug¬ 
gestions will crowd upon him. 
“We predict,” he says, “that it will 
make more experimenters upon the farm 
than any book yet written in this country. 
The number and scope of the experiments 
which it records are surprising. We know 
of nothing like it. We doubt if the experi¬ 
ment stations will equal it in many years.” 
Granville Cowing, in connection with 
sending a dozen plants of his strawberry 
“ Brunette,” says : “ In matters of taste, 
palates differ wonderfully and those most 
highly educated are not always infallible. 
John Burroughs has probably described 
the strawberry better, in all its aspects, than 
any other writer, but he still regards the 
Wilson as the best flavored of all. I have 
sold hundreds of bushels of that variety, 
but have usually had some other kind on 
my table.”. . 
Mr. Cowing adds: “ You have not paid 
Enhance many compliments as to its flavor, 
but I noticed that some of the professors 
have rated it as • good’. My belief is that 
your estimate of it is correct.”. 
W.F. Massey, in the Country Gentleman, 
says that he does not think the best en¬ 
silage can be made in a little 8 x 10 silo, 10 
or 12 feet high. The larger the silo the bet¬ 
ter chance for good ensilage. Most of the 
complaints of ensilage spoiling come from 
men who have very small siloes. One of 
the great advantages of ensilage is that a 
man can store more than he needs in one 
season, knowing that it will keep for an in¬ 
definite number of years. He therefore ad¬ 
vises never to make a silo less than 15 feet 
square on the base, and as many or more 
feet high. 
Cornell Experiment Station finds N. Y. 
Improved the best large early variety of egg 
plant. Early Dwarf Purple is considered 
the most valuable variety for the home gar¬ 
den, but too small for market. The vari¬ 
ety is very early, productive and the most 
easily grown of any egg plant. Seeds may 
be started as late as early May. 
It is probable, says Prof. Bailey, that the 
egg plant may be included among those 
plants which are capable of producing fruit 
without the aid of pollen.... . 
“ Pop corn Is a valuable crop. It is a 
wonder farmers do not grow more of it,” 
says the Orange County Farmer. Accord¬ 
ing to The R N.-Y.’s experience it is not a 
valuable crop and the high price of seed pop¬ 
corn snows it. 
Mr. Wm. Falconer calls tne new hardy 
shrub Viburnum dilatatum a beauty. He 
has a fine specimen at Dosoris Island, Long 
Island, the summer residence of C. A. 
Dana. Prof. Sargent considers it the best 
new plant in the Arboretum collection. 
JosiAH Hoophs says, in the New York 
Tribune, that in the Eastern and Middle 
States at least, it would be difficult to find 
a peach that combines more excellence than 
Crawford’s Late. In Pennsylvania they 
have size, color, fine quality, and, what is 
of greatest importance to orchardists, regu¬ 
larity and abundance of crops. Although 
not the latest, its season is about as favor¬ 
able as people could desire, especially for 
canning, and no other variety is more 
popular for this purpose. Our Northern 
climate seems specially adapted to it, as 
some of the finest specimens are seen in the 
Philadelphia and New York markets, from 
orchards not far distant. In certain local¬ 
ities Crawford’s Early is largely planted... 
W. I. Chamberlain discusses, in the 
Country Gentleman, the question “ Where 
does water get into the drain tiles ? ” 
First, he took a four-inch tile, medium 
burned, and set it on end in a deep pail in 
plaster of Paris mortar and let the plaster 
harden inside and out of the tile. This 
completely closed the bottom of the tile. 
He then filled it full of water. The water 
sank perceptibly in the tile and the small 
air bubbles came to the surface as the pores 
of the tile greedily drank in the water. In 
80 minutes it bad sunk two inches, but no 
water had gone through. He filled It again 
and left it nine hours. It had then sunk 
half an inch, but no water had gone 
through. He filled it again and it sank no 
more. 
He reversed the experiment with the 
same tile, still soaked—emptying the water 
out of the tile and filling the pail all around 
the empty tile. No water came through, 
and none was absorbed, as the tile was 
saturated already. 
Waring and other authorities on drain¬ 
age state the case correctly. Waring says 
(“ Draining for Profit and Health,” page 
77); “They”—i. e., brick-clay tiles— “are 
porous to the extent of absorbing a certain 
amount of water, but their porosity has 
nothing to do with their use for drainage— 
for this purpose they might as well be of 
glass. The water enters them not through 
their walls, but at their joints, which can¬ 
not be made so tight that they will not 
admit the very small amount that will 
need to enter at each space.”. 
Of the 15 miles of tile-drains on Pres. 
Chamberlain’s farm, nearly half are hard 
potters’-clay tiles, most of them glazed, and 
all as hard as a jug or earthen crock. They 
cannot and do not crumble or flake with 
the frost even at the outlets where they are 
constantly freezing and thawing while wet, 
but the brick-clay tiles at the outlets flake 
and shell to pieces with the frost. The 
glazed potters’ clay tiles drain the land 
exactly as well as the porous ones, so far as 
he can see, for both sorts work perfectly... 
And so he prefers the hard tiles if they 
can be had at about the same price. As 
they are stronger and burned harder, they 
can be made thinner and lighter than the 
brick.tiles, and hence cost less for freight 
and handling. 
ABSTRACTS. 
-Harper’s Weekly: “Undoubtedly, 
while party spirit has oeen fiercer at many 
other epochs in our annals than it is now, 
yet politics has never been more mercenary. 
Rich men, as such, have never taken a 
larger part in it, and money has never been 
considered so essential a condition of en¬ 
trance upon a public career.” 
-Prof. Goessman: “To manure our 
lands efficiently means to-day something 
more than to give the soil an exceptionally 
liberal amount of some incidental refuse 
matter of an ill-defined composition, as 
barnyard manure, vegetable compost or 
wood ashes. We have good reason to be¬ 
lieve that not only the particular form in 
which we apply the various articles of 
plant food, but also the particular associa¬ 
tion and relative proportion in which they 
may be applied, under corresponding con¬ 
ditions of season and soil, in many instances 
control the commercial value of our crops. 
We begin to discriminate between muriate' 
of potash and sulphate of potash. We know 
that a liberal supply of nitrogen and pot¬ 
ash, in the absence of a corresponding 
proportion of phosphoric acid, tends to re¬ 
tard the maturing of some crops. It is not 
less recognized that sulphate of lime and 
sulphate of magnesia favor in an excep¬ 
tional degree the growth of leaves. Again, 
that the essential plant constituents are not 
needed in different plants in the same cor¬ 
responding proportions at the various suc¬ 
cessive stages of growth, but are wanted at 
different stages of growth in different abso¬ 
lute and relative proportions. Each plant 
has its own wants at different stages of its 
development.” 
-Prof. Huxley : “ The history of a 
bean, of a grain of wheat, of a turnip, of a 
sheep, of a pig, or of a cow, properly treat¬ 
ed—with the introduction of the elements 
of chemistry, physiology, and so on as they 
come in—would give all the elementary 
science which is needed for the comprehen¬ 
sion of the processes of agriculture in a 
form easily assimilated by the youthful 
mind, which loathes anything in the shape 
of long words and abstract notions; and 
small blame to it 1” 
IttteceUattcou# §Uvevti£ing. 
When writing to advertisers, please 
mention The Rural New-Yorker. 
insects on Fruit Trees. 
Theoe pests are rapidly multiplying and every 
year their ravages Increase; they destroy the apples, 
plums, cherries and peaches. Yet they can be exter¬ 
minated by Judiciously spraying the trees. The Field 
Force Pump Company, of Leckport, N. Y„ have Just 
published a very instructive treatise on this subject, 
which they will send free on application. 
-Prof. Bailey : “ The Russian Apricots 
come in the same category as other Rus¬ 
sian fruits. They are not better than our 
own, and where these will stand our cli¬ 
mate Russian varieties are not wanted.” 
-Godfrey Zimmerman: “Do not trim 
apple trees for convenient plowing under 
them, but let them branch out low, say no 
more than two or three feet, and never cut 
off the lower tier of branches. Let them 
spread out without even shortening them 
in, and if they meet the ground with the 
burden of fruit no harm will follow. 
Such treatment will produce large, healthy 
trees, defying storms without leaning over; 
body and roots are shaded by the broad 
tops. Sun-burned trunks full of the flat¬ 
headed apple tree borers cannot be found 
in such an orchard. When the intention is 
to raise such trees, the plowing must be 
stopped as soon as the young trees acquire 
a stiffness of body and branches, that pre¬ 
vents their being held out of the way of the 
plow. At that time the orchard ought to 
be sown to grass. But here is where often 
the fatal error is made, namely, in the 
kind of grass chosen. Timothy is the 
worst grass of all; besides, it is ruinous to 
the trees. It never makes a thick pro¬ 
tecting turf like the Red top. The 
best trees in my orchard are those 
whose branches start out from two 
to three feet from the ground, and 
although over 50 years old and about 30 
years in grass, they are as thrifty and 
profitable as could be desired.” 
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* fb ** MENTION THI9 PAPfcR 
-Vick’s Magazine : “ The Agricultural 
Department, on the whole, we regard as 
admirable, and it is doing excellent work 
for the country ; but the Seed Division has 
been degraded to low political uses at the 
expense of the people, and the better in¬ 
formed portion of the community demand 
its improvement or abolishment.” 
-C. L. Allen, before the Massachusetts 
Horticultural Society : “Thegardener who 
has charge of a place where flowers are 
grown only as external evidences of wealth, 
is to be pitied.” 
“ If a young man does not love the gar¬ 
den, and all therein, he should enter some 
other profession, for there is no more piti¬ 
able object in life than a man following a 
profession that he does not enjoy.” 
“The desire for a good garden is so nearly 
universal that the exception only proves 
the rule, and there can be no gardens with¬ 
out gardeners. Some of the best, at least 
the most enthusiastic, are amateurs; and 
to them we are largely indebted, not only 
for the improvement in floral forms, but 
for the development of taste that makes 
gardening a profitable profession. Though 
amateurs, many of them a e wealthy, still 
they are gardeners if they love the garden 
and work in it; and if there is one influ¬ 
ence more powerful than another in re¬ 
moving that distinction in society which 
wealth creates, it is a love for and a com¬ 
mon interest in the beautiful.” 
“The gardener, more than any other man, 
is a child of nature, whose gifts, united 
with his industry, his experience and obser¬ 
vation, will make old age beautiful and 
pleasant. The love of the beautiful never 
wearies or grows old; on the contrary, it 
increases with our years. When the active 
duties of life are over, the gardener has a 
rich fund of enjoyment and constant cim- 
panionship in the plants he loves.” 
-Western Rural: “Overwork is bad 
on the boy physically and dead sure to dis¬ 
gust him with farm life.” 
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