i89i 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
4i i 
POULTRY YART)—Continued 
size. We wish some of the great poultry 
shows would make an effort to establish a 
“ laying standard ” and getexperts to score 
hens for the'r laying qualities as indicated 
by their shapes. At first, of course, there 
would be mistakes and absurd blunders, 
but in time we might find what we want— 
that is, what the best laying hen looks 
like. 
Starting Chickens Under the Stove. 
Procure a tight, smooth box about four 
feet long and three wide, or as long and 
wide as your stove, including the stove 
hearth. Then proceed as follows : Saw off 
the sides and ends to within two or three 
inches of the bottom of the box or brooder; 
tack lath one inch apart on the box for one 
side of the brooder; make the other side of 
lath in the same way, only let it be hinged 
to the brooder so as to open out into the 
run. At each end of the brooder hinge 
board doors. These end doors are to be 
opened when brushing out the brooder. 
Hang these doors so they will rest flat on 
the floor when open, and fasten them with 
a button at the top of the br >oder when 
closed Cover the floor of the brooder with 
perfectly dry earth. I use black muck, 
which is not so heavy and dusty as road 
dust. Slip the box under the stove, and 
now you have an inexpensive brooder 
which will give uniformly satisfactory re¬ 
sults, a3 the necessary top heat is furnished 
by the stove. 
Now for the run : Get as large a box as 
you can provide room for. Saw off the 
ends and sides to within five or six inches 
of the bottom. Place this box or run by 
the door side of the brooder, so that the 
brooder door opens directly into the run. 
Build the ends aDd sides of this run of lath 
one inch apart, also the whole of the top, 
which is made to be taken entirely off like 
a sort of frame, when you wish to arrange 
things in the run. Provide as follows in 
this run : Cover the floor with dry stud, 
make a mound apiece of seeds and chaff 
gathered at the barn, as well as of dry 
muck f( r a dust bath, and of crushed 
oyster shells and one also of coarse, sharp 
sand. There should be a tin for water 
slipped in just far enough for the little 
things to drink from, and also a feeding 
dish. Of course, fine mesh wire netting 
cm be used instead of th: lath. 
Take the chicks, ducklings and turkeys 
from their nests as soon as hatched, so that 
they will never miss the hen. Cover them 
at first lightly in the brooder with a flan¬ 
nel cloth, hung so that they can crawl 
under it, and when a week or two old they 
will be ready for the coop out-of-doors. If 
the weather is cold they can be kept in a 
dry, tight coop by placing plenty of dry 
chaff and some warmed stones or a pan of 
hot sard in it with them, covering them 
with a cloth hung to one side of the coop. 
Chicks raised in this way are really afraid 
of hens for a long time, but are not afraid 
of the person who feeds and cires for 
them. 
In the morning get the feed ready, open the 
door into the run and the whole brood will 
scamper to get their breakfast. Close the 
door aad open the end doors of the brooder, 
and with dustpan and wing brash off the 
top of the dry earth. It is not necessary to 
r jmove all the earth every morning, only 
one should keep it freshly replenished as 
needed. After their morning meal the 
c'licks are ready for the brooder again and 
then is the time to tidy up the run. If the 
heat fr jm the stove is too strong, they will 
go under the stove-hearth, but you must 
see that this will accommodate them all; 
if it d^es not, let them out into the run. 
Doubtless many who read this will be 
disgusted with the plan, but none can be 
more horrified than my mother was when 
she ascertained what I intended to do. It 
was only by promises to remove the whole 
affair If It did not prove to be as I represented, 
that I was allowed even a trial of my 
brooder. Under my management it was 
perfection for raising turkeys, chickens 
and ducks. It is not a lousy brooder, as a 
hen or turkey is apt to be. Occasionally I 
dusted in a little pyrethrum, but I never 
found any signs of vermin on anything 
raised in this brooder, and it was remark¬ 
able to see the growth the poultry made 
thus cared for. It is not nearly as bad as 
raising a lot of canary birds in a room in 
the house as some do. If there are childrsn 
in the family they will take great delight 
while watching the little things, and these 
make much nicer pet than cats ana dogs ; 
for poultry raised in this way are always 
very tame and intelligent, too. The little 
turkeys are the most comical of all, for they 
tDjoy the brooder so much that they try to 
strut when their little wings can hardly 
touch the floor, and they pick little fights 
with the chickens and ducklings. When 
they get strong you can put them with the 
old hen turkey and she will finish rearing 
them. In this way the loss usually met 
with in raising poultry is avoided. This 
brooder needs only a trial to be appreciated. 
I made money by its use and enjoyed the 
work as well. C&RRIE T. MEIGS. 
Franklin Co., Vt. 
“STAY EAST AND SELL WATER!” 
Extract from an address delivered at 
Barrington, R. I., on Arbor Day, May 8th, 
by 
HERBERT W. COLLINGWOOD. 
Horace Greeley did much to empty New 
England by his famous bit of advice—“ Go 
west, young man 1” We can well forgive 
him, though, when we think of the stock 
he put in the pedigree of that vast country 
west of the Mississ'ppi. We may well 
wonder what New England would have 
done had she not been backed up in 
national affairs by her sons and daughters 
at the West. New England breeding 
stock is the best in the world. We want 
what is left of it at home. I wish some¬ 
body might come with a voice as loud and 
strong as Greeley’s, and shout so that 
every discouraged farmer, every faltering, 
home sick man could hear it—“ Stay East, 
young man, and sell water I ’ 
Sell water ? Who buys water when it is 
the freest gift in the universe ? 
You do ! 
When you buy a bushel of potatoes 
weighing 60 pounds you pay for 45 pounds 
of water. In a quart of strawberries there 
are nearly seven gills of water. In apples, 
in celery, in onions and in squash you buy 
more water than you do when you buy 
milk. The difference is that your milk has 
no spine or frame to stand up straight, 
while your vegetables have. From a purely 
economical standooint the most successful 
business I have ever seen was that done by 
an Italian chestnut man who spent Sunday 
in the country stealing chestnuts, which 
he roasted and sold at five cents a gill 
during the week days. A good second to 
this is the man who sold my wife a hat for 
$10, the material in which I will guarantee 
to buy for $1.50. The $8 50 represent what 
Is called “style,” and the young woman 
seems perfectly satisfied with her bargain. 
How much behind these is the farmer who 
can sell this everlasting water in the form 
of fruits, flowers and vegetables for $500 a 
ton ? And nature does the mixing for him, 
too. The air, the sun, the heat, the cold 
are all at work for him, mixing this water 
in suitable forms. They build up his pro¬ 
ducts while they work to destroy the mer¬ 
chandise of every other business man. 
There are thousands of people in these 
towns and cities who are prepared to pay 
for this thing we call style, excellence, reli¬ 
ability—or whatever you call it. They 
crave it and they want it sewed, up in 
water. That farmer will succeed who 
proves himself an expert in mixing style 
and water together. A tomato is about 90 
percent water. Small tomatoes, weighing 
about five to the pound, sold like hot c ikes 
in New York last January. Do you realizi 
that that means $500 a ton or 4>£ cents a 
pound for water ? Can you get $40 a ton 
for tomatoes in August ? These tomatoes 
were raised under glass, were they? Yes, 
sir, and glass is just as cheap in Providence 
as it is in northern New York where these 
tomatoes came from. 
The old plan of growing grain and hay, 
feeding them to animals and then letting 
them walk off to market was a perfect one 
for this country 50 or 60 years ago. It is to 
day admirably suited for countries in the 
West that were then a wilderness. The 
legs of the iron horse are tireless and he 
will haul beef and grain and pork over your 
New England farm before your Yankee 
animals can wake up and stretch their legs. 
Grain and beef will keep for a reasonable 
time—they can stand age with dignity. 
Tfce most precious combinations of water 
and skill—flowers, fruits and vegetables— 
begin to spoil and die the moment they are 
taken from the vines, and the crate that 
carries them for miles and the cart that 
hawks them about the streets simply repre¬ 
sent their coffin and their hearse. In this 
g eat market of yours are people who are 
prepared to pay you interest at 59 per cent 
aa hour for the precious life of your berries, 
your fruits, peas, asparagus, sweet corn 
and edery, and 25 per cent a day on the life 
of your eggs and butter. Nature is just and 
she has made this all-wise provision for 
your especial benefit; otherwise we might 
quit on work for the future and admit 
in concert that New England agriculture 
is doomed. And Nature has gone further 
and decreed that life is worth more than 
death. 
The water in a liviDg plant, a rose, a lily 
or other flower, is worth twice its weight in 
gold 1 Do you know the value of the florist’s 
business in this country ? Over $26 000 COO 
worth of plants and flowers were sold in 
1890, and remember that $21,000,000 wor‘h 
of these were paid for as water. In 1800 
there was but one commercial florist in the 
country; he was located in New York 
State. In 1840 there were only 37; now 
there are 5,000, with a total of $38,000,000 
invested in their business, employing 17,- 
000 men and 2,000 women and paying as 
wages $8,000,000 to men and $500,000 to 
women. Of these establishments 312 were 
owned and managed by women. I regret 
to say that Rhode Island and Maine are the 
only Northern States where women do not 
own and manage a fl >wer business. In 
your little State, however, you had 102 estab¬ 
lishments covering 178 acres, with $526,507 
invested, employing 306 men and only 23 
women and selling a total of $257,504 88 
wor h of plants and flowers. Your first 
commercial greenhouse was established in 
184); in 1880 jou had only 37. There is 
room in this State today for 1,500 green 
houses instead of 102, and there is a market 
for $6,000,000 worth of greenhouse produce 
The work of the florist and the expert mar¬ 
ket gardener shoul l have no terrors for any 
sensible young woman. I admit that tber > 
was a homely truth in the remark of the 
old lady—somebody asked her to tell what 
she would wish to do in order to be per¬ 
fectly happy. 
“Well,” she said, “give me a tubful of 
Dice, dirty dishes and a good sink to dreen 
’em in and I’m perfectly satisfied!” If 
one’s soul can reach its level in a sink full 
of dishes—good—all right; but that is no 
reason why we should decide that there is 
nothing above dish washing on the farm ! 
The level of our contentment is decided by 
the angle at which we view the heavens. 
Look up and think up and your thoughts 
will go up. 
Let me close by saying that the problem 
before the Rhode Island farmer is how to 
make the most profitable combination of 
water. Water and water only will wash 
h's troubles away. I cannot stand here and 
te'l you how to make your small farms 
profitable any more than a man can go to 
Providence and tell you how to make your 
business pay. Any man who claims to tell 
you all about it is a humbug. As I have 
said, one can only grow into success and 
he must do his own growing. Let him 
keep this question burning before him all 
the time: “How can I sell water to the 
best advantage ? ” and never be satisfied 
till he answers it, and success is assured. 
There actually was a time when Rhode 
Island stood second among the States in 
the va’ue of her agricultural products. 
She is now I believe 42nd. Let her now aim 
to stand first in the value of the water sold, 
and the farmers who sell the water will be 
the richest, happiest and most contented 
people In the world. 
The World’s Fair in ’93 
Will be held in Chicigo. The Pioneer 
Bugay in ’91 will be made in Columbus, O. 
If you care to know how, send 10 cents, sil¬ 
ver or stamps for “Complete Horse 
Book,” and that will tell. Pioneer Buggy 
Company, Columbus. Ohio.— Adv. 
PijeiccUanfaujs gUmtisiug. 
Readers of The R. N.-Y. will please the 
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