i89i 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
A SUMMER EXHIBITION— Continued. 
in 10 quart pans, the cream was churned 
and the butter salted one ounce to the 
pound, and when ready for sale it weighed 
six pounds, making one pound of butter to 
7>f pounds of milk. The cows were fed on 
corn stalks and straw without any grain. 
Five of them came in in March and April, 
one in June and one in September. They are 
due to calve in March and April. I weighed 
the milk, churned the cream, marked the 
butter and had the whole control of the 
same, to which I hereby certify. 
“MRS. MARTHA PECK. 
“Subscribed and sworn to before me this 
39th day of December, 1888. 
“ABRAM. W. BROOKS, 
“Justice of the Peace.” 
Milo Bills, of Auburn, N. Y., had his 
private collection of 20 varieties of fowls, 
35 specimens of pets—pigeons, rabbits, 
opossums, ferrets and six kinds of dogs. 
I believe children who have pets and are 
taught to treat them kindly have their 
finer feelings developed and are more in 
touch with their fellow-beings when they 
come to man and womanhood. A. Bain, 
inventor of tho St. Lawrence river boat, ex¬ 
hibited splendid specimens of his combi¬ 
nation sail and row boats, which would be 
a source of pleasure to any one who lived 
where he could use one. The factory at 
Skaneateles turns out 30 per week. 
Wm. Van Duzen had charge of the Wal¬ 
ter A. Wood Co.'s goods. Their popularity 
is proved by the fact that every article 
shown was sold. Their tubular steel 
mower is a new device, being very light for 
a wide-cut machine. Many of the large, 
wide-cutting machines have the objection 
of being too heavy, sinking into soft ground 
and being hard to draw. Their single apron 
binder works like a fine clock without a 
hitch. 
Steel-wheel horse rakes are urged on you, 
“ because you can leave them out of-doors. ” 
If you are that kind of a farmer you had 
better think what that means. 
An automatic brake shown by Wm. 
Stevens, Southwest Oswego, N. Y., is at¬ 
tached to the forward gear and is self¬ 
acting. The attachment holds up the pole 
and all pressure on the horses’ necks is re¬ 
moved at all times, which would be a re¬ 
lief to them. Has any reader of The Rural 
one on his wagon ? If so, please let him 
tell us just how it works. I have tried for 
a long time to get a perfectly reliable brake 
and have so far failed. 
E. M. Smith, Lysander, N. Y., showed a 
combination hay, stock and wagon-box 
which was one of the most practical things 
on the ground. It can be changed from one 
to the other in one minute without ham¬ 
mer or wrench. The end board lets down 
and forms a bridge for loading stock. No 
arms cross the box to interfere with the 
unloading of hay and grain. 
My idea of Breed’s weeder was far from 
correct. My impression now is that for 
level, mellow, sandy or mucky soil, it 
would do nice work, if used at just the 
right moment, but on stony or uneven 
land or where weeds have “ hardened ” it 
would be a disappointment. I have never 
used one, and do not know that it Is better 
than, or will take the place of a smoothing 
harrow. Every kind of walking or riding 
harrow is made and it is hard to decide 
which is the best; but no one is best for all 
places. c. e. chapman. 
Poultry Yard. 
THE COLOR OF THE YOLK. 
What influence is to be assigned to the 
difference in color of the yolk of an egg, as 
we all know some yolks are darker than 
others ? 
1. Does it depend entirely upon breed dif¬ 
ferences ? ' 
2. How much difference does the age of 
the fowl make ? 
3. How does the food affect the color ? 
The Color Is In the Food. 
It is due entirely to the coloring matter 
in the food. The composition of the soil 
affects the coloring matter of plants, a 
deeper green color of the plant being more 
noticeable when nitrogen Is plentiful. The 
color of the yolk does not affect or indicate 
the quality of the egg any more than the 
hue of the annatto indicates the quality of 
butter. Corn will sometimes give a deeper 
tinge of yellow to the yolk, and so will 
clover; but in times of drought, or later in 
the season, when plants begin to lose the 
bright color, there is less coloring matter 
in the yolk. It does not depend on breeds, 
as a flock may lay eggs with deep yellow 
yolks early in the season, but with less col¬ 
oring matter later on. The age of the fowl 
does not Influence the color of the yolk. 
The coloring matter is a very small pro¬ 
portion, and the color of the eggs is not only 
affected by the food, but also by the soil, 
the weather, and the condition of the food 
itself and Its progress at the time It is con¬ 
sumed by the fowl. Even grains vary in 
their effect upon the color of the yolk. 
P. H. JACOBS. 
The Food and Condition. 
The color of the yolk of an egg is influ¬ 
enced more by the food and condition of 
the fowl than by anything else. At least 
that is my experience. It has been a favor¬ 
ite claim with some breeders of Brahmas 
and other Asiatic fowls, that the eggs from 
their pets have richer yolks, but I have 
bought eggs of the same breeds that con¬ 
tained very pale-colored yolks, while the 
color of the yolks of Leghorn eggs was a 
rich yellow. During the winter months I 
found the greatest difficulty in obtaining 
rich-colored yolks, but always found the 
best among the eggs bought from farmers 
who fed their hens liberally with «orn, and 
allowed them to scratch in the barns and 
yards. Grass, and especially clover plays 
an important part in this matter. This 
was demonstrated to me forcibly not long 
ago. I had a pen of Indian Games at my 
father’s place, but the yard in which they 
ranged was devoid of grass. The yolks of 
the eggs were pale. I removed the pen to 
my own place, where the fowls have a fine 
grass'run and since then the yolks have been 
very fine in color. The palest yolks I ever 
found in eggs were gathered from a flock 
of hens that were fed principally on rye. 
J. H. drevknstedt. 
Kale as Stock Feed.— We frequently 
hear from poultrymen who claim that kale 
is the best “ green food” they can possibly 
grow for their poultry. The last winter 
will long be remembered in Scotland and 
the North of England. The roots and cab¬ 
bages froze and rotted in the pits to such an 
extent that many sheep had to be sold to 
escape starvation. In the midst of this gen¬ 
eral loss we are told that : “ Kale has won 
for itself a most valuable record: we have 
only heard of one case in which there was 
any important loss by frost, and flockmae- 
ters are unanimoue in testifying to its 
great value in this time of unprecedented 
scarcity.” 
Bantams on Limited Areas.— In this 
country the breeding of Bantams is consid¬ 
ered more in the way of play than legiti¬ 
mate business. Few consider that the 
Bantam is capable of paying for itself. In 
England many poultry writers prefer 
Bantams to the larger breeds on small 
places where space is limited. One writer, 
in the Feathered World, says he has five 
houses each x 4 feet, in each of which he 
keeps five Bantams. In front of them he 
has a grass run 30 x 12 feet, on which each 
pen is permitted to run for a few hours each 
day. He says that his Bantams keep well 
in this limited range and lay many eggs 
which, though small, are of fine flavor. 
Somebody wrote the Poultry Keeper that 
cross-bred Leghorn Minorca hens laid soft- 
shelled eggs. To this the Poultry Keeper 
replied: “The fact that the cross-bred birds 
lay soft shelled eggs is conclusive evidence 
that they are over-fat. It shows also that 
cross bred birds are more liable to take on 
fat than the pure breeds. Instead of ren¬ 
dering them delicate, it is evidence that they 
require less food, and that they have partial¬ 
ly been changed from being prolific layers 
to meat-producing. This tendency to take 
on fat by cross-bred birds is the cause of 
persistent sitters, and we are confirmed by 
every experiment in our claim that when 
hens become fat they are more liable to be¬ 
come broody.” 
When To Sell Minnesota Hens. 
Out here away from a large city, I find it 
best to dispose of old hens and surplus stock 
in August and September. I have to sell 
them alive, as the weather is then too warm 
to send them dressed. I keep about 100 
hens the year round and raise from 50 to 
75 young ones in all, during the summer, 
and then in the fall sell off some of the old¬ 
est hens and roosters and use most of the 
young roosters at home Instead of other 
meat. My hens pay better than anything on 
the place. They are kept for eggs only. 
Minnesota Lake, Min. m. m. 
“A Crate of Plymouth Rocks.” 
I am a hired man. In September, 1890, 
my employer bought a crate of Plymouth 
Rock chickens which weighed on an aver¬ 
age about two pounds apiece. They were 
fed twice a day, getting in the cold weather 
corn meal mixed with hot water, and wheat 
about 4 o’clock in the afternoon, and the 
scraps from the house in the evening. The 
following is an account for the flock of 34, 
all Plymouth Rocks except six, which were 
of mixed breeds : 
January. 
February. 
March ... 
April .... 
May. 
June. 
July. 
CR. 
.120Cftsis August ... 
.271 “ September 
.535 “ October ... 
.529 “ November. 
.476 “ December , 
]s95 “ Total. 
. .296 eggs 
..280 “ 
..2i2 “ 
..112 “ 
..99 “ 
.3,706 *• 
DR. 
12 bags of wheat at $1.90 per bag.$22.90 
12 bags of meal at $1.25 per bag. 15.00 
Total .$37.80 
The eggs average in Englewood accord¬ 
ing to the season from 25 to 50 cents per 
dozen. My employer does not sell any 
eggs, so I leave the profits for others 
to figure out. I also raised 16 young 
chickens. The hens had cracked shells 
all the time and fresh water every 
day. The hen-house is about 12x10, 
double boarded with sawdust between and 
h cement floor. The door is on the west 
side, and there is a window at the south I 
have opened the door in the evening for 
a while, no matter how cold the weather 
was. The house is cleaned once a week in 
cold weather. I give the fowls a bed of 
coarse hay under the roost. They have a 
box of coal ashes to scratch in all the year, 
and that’s all the care they get. People 
around here are of the opinion that the 
White Leghorn hens are better than Ply¬ 
mouth Rocks. I have tried both and I 
think the Plymouth Rocks are the best lay¬ 
ers in the United States. FRANK WARD. 
Bergen Co., N. J. 
SUMMER SPROUTS. 
Will They Do It J— The moral of the 
removal of the sugar duty is that it will 
pay the Republican party to advocate simi¬ 
lar action with regard to several other 
duties.—St. Louis Globe Democrat (Rep.) 
And They Will. —More increase of pop¬ 
ulation without the attendant elements of 
national growth is a curse instead of a 
blessing. The people of the United States 
as a matter of self-protection and duty 
must take care of themselves.—Syracuse 
Herald. 
What Constitutes Cheapness ?—There 
is great danger that when the people once 
grow fond of cheap sugar they will refuse 
to shudder at the sight of a cheap coat, or 
to believe that a cheap coat implies a cheap 
man inside the coat.—Louisville-Courler- 
Journal (Dem). 
Freer, not Free Trade Wanted.— If 
the farmer’s lot is a hard one in his discour¬ 
aging struggle for better rewards for his 
toil, are the prices of his products to be im¬ 
proved by a policy which hampers trade in 
his best markets and invites the competi¬ 
tion of dangerous rivals? Continued and 
earnest advocacy of the principle of tariff 
reform is essential to the lightening of the 
burdens of our countrymen.—Ex-Presi- 
dent Cleveland. 
Where Is The Surplus ?—It will take 
all the gold and silver produced In the 
world for four years to pay the appropria¬ 
tions made by the Billion Dollar Congress. 
All the wages of all the workers in every pro¬ 
tected American industry for three years. 
All the wages of all the workers in 1,005 
cotton mills for 20 years. All the wages 
paid in 1,990 woolen mills for 40 years. All 
the wages paid in the glass industries for 
110 years. Our total wheat crop for 1890 
will only pay one third of it. Our total 
corn crop for 1890 will only pay two-thirds 
of it. “ God help the surplus ?” It is God 
help the workingman.—Texas Farm and 
Ranch. 
When writing to advertisers, please 
mention The Rural New-Yorker. 
DIP If HI WILLS, JJrag &aws, uircie Sav 
rlUnkl HORSE Powers, for Farm or Mill u 
B. C. MACHINERY CO., Buttle Creek, MIehiui 
TUIS PAPER swery time you write. 
475 
The Chieftain Tedder. 
WITH PATENT ATTACHMENT, 
to relieve strain on Forks. Frame and Horse. Square 
Steel Axle extending from Wi.eel to Wheel. Com 
blued Shaft and Polo. If .von need a Tedder, write 
for Circular and Special Cash price, or name of near¬ 
est Dealer. 
THE CHIEFTAIN CO., Canton, Ohio. 
It 
^iooo^fThele Macfynes ( _ 
laVe been sold.IheUafe used 
in nearly eVe^y* 
HAY? 
STATE andTerRiT0RY.The Y* 
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5MINUTES .load loose 
IT LOADS 
GREEN GLOVER 
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