1891 
THE- RURAL NEW-YORKER 
6i9 
SOME ROUMANIAN FARMING. 
( Continued .) 
and each takes a narrow strip, and all con¬ 
tinue to sow in this manner till all the land 
has been seeded. As soon as the men com¬ 
mence to sow, we send perhaps about 100 or 
more women, children and men with hoes 
after the sowers, and these hoe the gronnd 
all over, and cover all the seed which has 
been sown. Very often in September we 
employ over 500 working people every day 
in sowing and hoeing the wheat. Their 
pay is, as a rule, about 30 cents per day and 
they board themselves, and work about 15 
hours every day. There are also a number 
of foremen, one for every squad of about 50 
laborers, and when some of the latter do 
not work well they are whipped by the 
foremen. Slavery days in the South would 
be vlvl lyrecalled to anyone who had lived 
In that section before the war by seeing how 
the work is carried on in Roumania. After 
the wheat has grown up three or four inches 
high among the corn, laborers cut the corn, 
as it is now ripe, and it is bound in bundles 
and brought home, and husked, and after¬ 
wards shelled by machines, and the stalks 
are fed in winter to the cattle, as very little 
hay is grown in this country. While people 
are cutting the com and bringing it home, 
the wheat crop is tramped on and trodden 
down very much; but afterwards it rises up 
and generally gi fes a good crop. The wheat 
crop which is sown and worked in the 
above manner, gives about 30 to 35 and even 
40 bushels per acre in a good season, and 
from ' he same ground we get about from 
60 to 70 bushels of corn per acre. The corn 
and wheat flour of Roumania are famous 
for their excellence. The flour at the 
Paris Exposition was given a gold medal 
for its fine quality. 
The above way of sowing and handling 
fall wheat is called by the Roumanians the 
“ American system.” I tell them, however, 
that Americans know nothing about work¬ 
ing land in this way. NEIL SINCLAIR. 
A LONG ISLAND ‘‘HARVEST HOME.” 
The Harvest Home and Farmers’ Festival 
at Oak Lawn, Southold, L. I., took place 
on August 6 The day proved fine for a 
gathering that many had to make long 
drives to attend. The grove was hand¬ 
somely decorated with flags of all nations. 
For about two hours after 12 o’clock it pre¬ 
sented a very striking picture. In all direc¬ 
tions could be seen families and parties 
picnicing, some in their wagons, some on 
the ground. It was interesting to walk 
around among the different groups and 
hear the discussions going on upon the dif¬ 
ferent crops grown in the town, potatoes 
taking the lead, the farmers being very 
lively in exchanging their views. At 1:30 
p. M. the Cutchogue Drum Corps drove on 
the ground playing the old time national 
airs, (the members of the corps have played 
together for 55 years) and behind them 
marched the Southold brass band. After 
playing a few pieces taps were sounded, 
calling to the stand all who wanted to hear 
the speaking. The meeting was called to 
order by the originator of the Southold 
town and harvest festival, D. P. Horton, 
and opened with singing by the audience 
and prayer by Rev. Mr. Bowdish, of 
Southold, followed by singing “ The Har¬ 
vest Gathered,” written for the occasion, 
after which *fche Rev. Dr. Whiteker, of 
Southold, gave a historical sketch of the 
town. Mr. P. C. Allen then gave a very 
interesting and instructive address on seeds, 
flowers, etc. 
The Rev. Mr. Horton, of Danbury, Ct., 
made a short speech of congratulation on 
the town holding a meeting of the kind. 
Then came music by the Cutchogue Veteran 
Drum Corps and singing—Hail Columbia. 
The Rev. Mr. Overton of New York, next 
gave a three minute speech on the weather, 
and was followed by J. M. Lupton of Mat- 
tituck, upon the development of the farm¬ 
ing interests at the present time—very in¬ 
teresting. The audience now rose and sang 
the Star Spangled Banner, after which N. 
W. Foster, of Riverhead, gave us a very 
entertaining address, touching upon many 
topics pertaining to the town and country. 
He was followed by Rev. W. F. Whiteker, 
of Orange, N. J., who gave us a very able 
off-hand address. 
The meeting was now closed with music 
and singing—Home Sweet Home. I think 
from all appearances that every one of the 
1,500 people present was well pleased with 
the day’s outing in Oak Lawn Grove. The 
Harvest Home and Farmers’ Festival at¬ 
tracted the people from all parts of the town 
and many from other places. Such occasions 
are very sociable and friendly gatherings for 
friends and strangers, farmer. 
SIDE SHOWS ON THE FARM. 
Profitable farming may be compared to a 
circus. There is the big tent, admission 50 
cents, and a half dozen side shows, 10 cents 
each. So on the farm: we have our princi¬ 
pal crops of corn, wheat, hay, cattle or 
whatever else they may be and then we have, 
or ought to have our side shows; and on 
these side shows depends very largely the 
success of the farm; for while the principal 
crops pay the expenses, the side shows de¬ 
termine, in a great measure, the extent of 
the surplus, which, as we all know, is a very 
important question. A question that 
should therefore secure careful considera¬ 
tion is how to manage the side shows. 
The first side show that the farmer gen¬ 
erally has is the cow and she is a good one, 
too. Do you sell butter or milk P If not, 
calculate how much 10 pounds of butter a 
week at 20 or 25 or even 30 cents a pound, 
will amount to in the course of a year, then 
subtract what it will cost to keep two (for 
two cows will yield that quantity of butter) 
cows for one year and then see if you don’t 
regard the cow as a first-class side show. 
But jast here I would like to give an ex¬ 
ample in arithmetic, which is founded on 
personal experience. 
If one cow will make a profit of $50 a year, 
10 cows will not make a profit of $500 a 
year, and in spite of the fact that figures 
do not lie, I think the reason will be obvi¬ 
ous after a little reflection. One or two 
cows can be attended to by yourself or your 
boy or your hired man without any extra 
expense. Of course, it takes time, but you 
will probably get up a little earlier in the 
morning to milk them, and the cost of labor 
is not felt, and therefore practically 
amounts to nothing; but if 10 or 20 cows 
are kept, an extra man has to be had at 
milking time, and the labor costs. Other 
causes of expense also arise, though maybe 
the greatest is the cost of the food. The 
few cows are pastured in the lane3 or are 
turned out to utilize the otherwise waste 
spots of grass, while for the many cows a 
separate field for pasture has to be kept, 
and this reduces the area of the farm. 
Herein lies the secret of the success of the 
side show. One should have a side show 
just large enough to be managed without 
much, if any, extra expense, and such as 
will suit his method of farming. If it is a 
dairy farm there will be plenty of manure 
and also extra labor|; these two can be 
worked in very nicely on a crop of potatoes 
or cabbages, but one shouldn’t plant so 
large a crop that the cows will be neglected 
while he is caring for his cabbages. One 
other point—study your locality and give 
it what it wants; the circus does not show 
seals to the Esquimaux or turnips to the 
farmer; and in the same way study your 
local price list, and if potatoes are 15 cents 
a bushel, don’t grow them, but grow some¬ 
thing that your locality will pay a higher 
price for, and after having carefully con¬ 
sidered what and how many side shows 
you should have, see if they don’t help to 
swell the surplus. p. b. c. 
Catonsville, Maryland. 
[Some More Side Issues. 
If the farmer is to make a success of his 
work in his earlier years, every member of 
his household must be, in some sense, a 
bread-winner—a producer as well as a con¬ 
sumer. Even the children can earn a part 
of the expenses which attend their training, 
if their tastes and capabilities are studied 
and they are given a fair proportion of 
their earnings. 
A boy need not be very old before he can 
take the best of care of a colt or a calf 
which belongs to him and which he may 
sell at will, paying to his father only the 
sum actually expended in bringing the 
young animal to salable age. Of course, 
the young stock raiser will need advice, and 
older heads must see that he is judicious 
in caring for his pets. 
Little girls may be trained to look after 
the poultry at a very early age, if their 
success means a new dress or a book or, 
when a little older, advanced school privi¬ 
leges. In all cases the moneys obtained 
should be fairly won and all expenses 
should be paid so that the sum which they 
receive should be the actual reward of 
their labors. 
Old people and those in uncertain health 
often find occupation as well as profit in 
caring for poultry, bees and other light in¬ 
dustries. Light gardening offers one of 
the best of remedies for many diseases and 
not only renders medicines unnecessary, 
but pays for those already bought. Even 
a tiny lot in a city may be made to supply 
a family with a considerable share of the 
vegetables used on the table, if properly 
cultivated and cared for. 
Small fruits are profitable pets if one 
can command a dally market. They will 
repay any amount of good work, and will 
resent neglect as promptly as a child. 
There is a goodly amount of hard work 
attending their culture, and they must be 
handled daintily and packed in neat, at¬ 
tractive parcels to insure the highest mar¬ 
ket prices. The parcels should be small 
and their capacity exactly what it pretends 
to be. Neat parcels and honest measure 
go a long way towards making and retain¬ 
ing a profitable market. But whatever 
line of work is taken up as a side issue 
should not be allowed to crowd out crops 
which are known to give returns. Small 
beginnings in new Industries connected 
with careful study and rigid exactness in 
keeping accounts, are usually productive 
of the best resnps. s A. little. 
Business Sense vs . Partisan Politics. 
—Some day, when the craze of politics has 
run its race and the people realize that 
their public affairs are matters of pure 
business, that the fate of the nation never 
depends on the election of Jones for Sena¬ 
tor, or Smith for road boss, then the men 
who do this work will be selected by some 
method designed to ascertain their ability 
to do the work required.—St. Paul Globe. 
Any Politics in This t —New Mexico 
has a population of close upon 145,000, or 
almost exactly that of Idaho and Wyom¬ 
ing combined. Yet the latter have together 
four Senators in Congress and she has 
none ; they cast six electoral votes and she 
casts none. Arizona has within about 
1,085 as many people as Wyoming, and 
though not entitled to Statehood on the 
score of population, is practically as much 
o as Wyoming.—New York Times, 
s 
Canning and Preserving. 
By Mrs. S. T. Rorer. 12mo, with in¬ 
dex. Price, bound in cloth, 75 cents; 
paper covers, 40 cents. In this useful 
manual Mrs. Rorer discusses at length 
the canning and preserving of fruits 
and vegetables, with the kindred sub¬ 
jects of marmalades, butters, fruit jel¬ 
lies and syrups, dying and pickling. 
The recipes are clearly and simply 
given, while an exhaustive index affords 
easy reference to every subject. 
We will send the paper-covered edi¬ 
tion, free and postpaid, for four trial 
subscriptions at 25 cents. Or with 
The Rural New-Yorker or American 
Garden to January 1, 1892, for only 
$1. The cloth-bound edition for six 
trials at 25 cents: or with The Rural 
New-Yorker to Jan. 1 for only $1.25. 
SCRIBNER’S 
AND 
LOG BOOK 
Over One Million Sold.— Most complete book of 
Its kind ever published. Gives measurement of all 
kinds of lumber, logs, planks, timber ; hints to lum¬ 
ber dealers; wood measure, speed of circular saws, 
cord-wood tables, felling trees, growth of trees, land- 
measure, wages, rent, board, Interest, stave and head¬ 
ing bolts, etc. Standard book In the United States 
and Canada. Illustrated edition of 1882. 35 cents. 
THE RURAL PUBLISHING CO., 
Times Building, N. Y. 
Years’ Subscription Free. 
I. e., a Three Years’ Subscription and a Serviceable Fruit 
Drier for the price of the latter. 
The U, S, Cook Stove Froit Drier or Evaporator, 
Thoroughly Tested and 
Approved. 
Latest, Cheapest, Best. 
A Veritable Little Bread- 
Winner. 
Weight, 25 Pounds. 
Handsome Metal Base. 
Can be used on any kind 
of Stove. 
Dimensions: Base: 22x16 
inches; Height, 26 inches. 
Facsimile of Machine Complete. 
Price, 87. 
Eight Galvanized Wire- 
Cloth Trays, contain¬ 
ing 12 square feet of 
tray surface. 
No Extra Fire. 
Always ready for use, and 
will last a lifetime. 
Easily and quickly set on 
and off the stove as 
needed, empty or 
filled with fruit. 
With it you can, at odd times, summer or winter, evaporate enough wasting fruit, 
etc., for family use, and enough to sell or exchange for a large portion of your groceries, 
or provide yourself with much desired pocket money. 
As a Great Economizer and Money-Maker it is Without a Rival. 
Has it ever occurred to you that, with a little labor, wasting apples, berries and vege¬ 
tables can be quickly evaporated, and are then worth pound for pound for flour, sugar, 
coffee, butter, rice, oatmeal, etc , or go far towards purchasing clothes and little luxuries 
and necessities ? 
To the Women of the Household it is a Little Gold Mine. 
No labor you can perform for cash returns pays as well as that of converting wasting 
fruits into evaporated stock. These products are among the highest priced luxuries in 
food products. Evaporated peaches, cherries and raspberries, 20 to 2“> cents per pound; 
apples, pears, blackberries, etc., 10 to 15 cents; all salable to or may be exchanged with 
your grocer for anything he sells. 
Recall the Waste of Fresh Fruit on the Farm or Town Lot for Seasons Past. 
This wasted fresh fruit, with a little labor added, represents just about one-tenth as 
many pounds or bushels of evaporated fruit. No other business than farming now al¬ 
lows such a large waste, or could be long sustained. 
Its Capacity is Ample for Domestic Use. 
Up to two bushels of fresh fruit per day. It is just what thousands of careful, prudent 
economical household managers need and want, even if they do not have time or neces¬ 
sity to engage in evaporating fruit as a business. 
ni|D nE7£TED ■ Price of the Drier alone > $7. Price to our 
IJUIl UrrEalli subscribers, together with a three years’ 
subscription, $7 ; this will pay your subscription for three years 
from the date of expiration of time already paid for. Or we will 
give it free to any present subscriber who will send us four new 
subscriptions at $2 each. Subscriptions to The Rural New-Yorker 
count the same as The American Garden. 
If you want a larger fruit drier (prices $25 to $350), write 
us for terms, stating capacity desired. 
