i89i 
635 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
tlon; while a first cross has seemed to 
be an advantage, by going further all 
was lost. I have certainly had better re¬ 
sults from the constant use of one breed. I 
find that the keeping of dairy cows for 
butter production goes well with the egg 
business, and I know of no way to dispose 
of skim-milk to better advantage than by 
feeding it to laying hens. The farm crops 
raised are selected with a view to providing 
food for both hens and cows, the rotation 
being corn, oats, wheat and clover. No gar¬ 
den crops are raised except for family use 
and to supply succulent food for the hens 
and cows in winter. Each hen park con¬ 
tains a row of plum trees, which provide 
the hens with shade and are so situated 
that they make a rapid growth and bear 
fruit of a fine quality. The plowing of the 
gronnd necessary to keep it in good con¬ 
dition for the hens seems to give them the 
needed cultivation; while the droppings 
from the hens, in addition to a yearly dress¬ 
ing of bone and potash, provide fertility. 
Tompkins Co., N. Y. c. H. wyckoff. 
DIFFERENT BREEDS, DIFFERENT 
FEEDS. 
No " Standard Ration ” Possible. 
Do the different breeds of poultry require 
different foods or methods of feeding to do 
their best ? In other words, would you 
feed a Light Brahma the same as you would 
a Leghorn ? What particular difference in 
feeding should be observed ? Is green food 
any more necessary for a heavy breed than 
for a light, active one ? Is it possible to 
give any “standard” ration to a flock con¬ 
taining several different breeds ? 
Leghorns Do Better on Corn. 
The Leghorns, being inore active, will 
give better results on corn than will Light 
Brahmas. The best quality and kind of 
food depend largely on the condition of the 
hens, a laying hen requiring a more nitro¬ 
genous diet. It is true that the food should 
depend also upon the breed, a less carbon¬ 
aceous ration being required for a Brahma 
than for a Leghorn, owing to the fact that 
the Brahma is less active and more liable 
to fatten. Much depends on whether the 
hens are confined or at large, the green food 
being regulated by the season and the for¬ 
aging of the hens. It should be given lib¬ 
erally to large breeds in preference to grain. 
No standard ration can be formulated for 
all breeds alike, as everything depends on 
the condition of the hens, the seasons, and 
the climate, observation being Important. 
P. H. JACOBS. 
Green Food Indispensable for Heavy 
Fowls. 
Different breeds of poultry require dif¬ 
ferent methods of feeding and different 
kinds of foods to secure the best results. 
A Light Brahma being of a less active 
temperament than a Leghorn, is more likely 
to become too fat to lay well if fed largely 
on carbonaceous diet, than a Leghorn. 
The intense activity of the latter requires 
more carbon to support it, and what in a 
Brahma goes to fat in a Leghorn is used 
up in movement. For this reason green 
food while necessary for all breeds, is in¬ 
dispensable for those of sluggish tempera¬ 
ment, and for the same reason it would be 
impossible to give a standard ration for a 
flock composed of several different breeds, 
differing so widely in disposition as the 
Asiatic and the Mediterranean classes, 
though if a flock consisted of similar fowls 
of different breeds, for example, of Ham- 
burgs, Polish and Leghorns, there would 
be no special difficulty in feeding all alike. 
H. S. BABCOCK. 
Disadvantages of “ Ail Corn.” 
In my experience an exclusive corn diet 
has given small bones, diseased livers, dull 
plumage in young growing stock, even 
when they have had a large grass run. 
Those fed on mixed grain have made as 
good growth and been perfectly healthy. A 
Leghorn will stand more corn than a Brah¬ 
ma. The active, laying breeds will stand 
heavier feeding without eating their eggs 
than the larger breeds. The amount 
of food must be regulated for a Brahma, 
while a Leghorn can be trusted to eat all 
she will, at least when laying. From habit 
I should think green food more necessary 
for the active breeds; they certainly eat 
more when allowed to run at large; but 
this may be no criterion to judge by. 
Throw down a lot of mixed grain and they 
will eat, first, the corn, second, the wheat, 
then the oats and, last, the buckwheat, yet 
I thi k the oats give the best results. The 
hens get tired of any one mixture, or single 
grain ration, and need a change according 
to season, age or environments. No stand¬ 
ard ration can be given for a flock contain¬ 
ing several breeds; nor can one adapted to 
all seasons of the year for a single breed. 
From talks with many different persons 
at the farmers’ Institute last winter, I con¬ 
clude that the nearest to a standard ration 
which one could get would be a mixed one. 
The larger portion should be bran, oats and 
wheat, there being only corn enough to 
keep the fowls warm. Green food, shell 
material and pure water should be liberally 
supplied. 
In almost every case where complaint 
was made that the hens did not lay or that 
they pulled their feathers or ate their eggs, 
the owners had some of the heavier breeds 
and were feeding whole corn. Several 
wrote me of deserved success after carefully 
studying the “ law of feeding,” and follow¬ 
ing the advice given, “ change your food 
so as to give more bulk and less quality.” 
A bulletin from one of the experiment 
stations gives results showing that the car¬ 
bonaceous ration is the best; but explains 
that the low yield is the result of confine¬ 
ment. This is directly contrary to the ex¬ 
perience of some of our successful poultry- 
men, who feed a highly nitrogenous ration, 
and keep the hens confined to house and 
yard, claiming to get more eggs there than 
when they are allowed to run at large. The 
poultrymen make a profit, but the station 
hens did not lay eggs enough to half pay 
for their board. The experiments proved 
nothing, as the results from either ration 
were too small to pay. The Interests of 
science may have been advanced, but as far 
as egg production Is concerned, a remark 
of a neighbor hits the case. He returned 
the bulletin to me, saying: “ Them new¬ 
fangled foods—what do you call ’em ?— 
nit genows, car-bonceus ? —don’t pan out 
eggs worth a cent. I wish they would feed 
some hens common stuff so they would lay 
200 eggs in a year, and then tell in plain 
English how they did it.” That Is what 
poor farmers want to know. 
C. E. CHAPMAN. 
Hard to Fatten a Leghorn. 
The kind of food that will cause one 
breed to lay an abundance of eggs will pro¬ 
duce the same result in another. But, if 
Leghorns have an abundance of food be¬ 
fore them at all times, they will seldom be¬ 
come overfat, on account of their sprightly 
and roving disposition, and will convert a 
large amount of food into quantities of 
eggs, but with the large breeds this 
method of feeding would produce over¬ 
fatness. The consequent sluggishness of 
body and egg organs would cooperate with 
their natural broodiness to reduce the egg 
yield. The quantity fed to the large breeds 
should be regulated so as to keep the birds 
down to a business weight. Some strains 
of the heavier fowls make large egg rec¬ 
ords, and it is reasonable to suppose that 
careful selection, breeding and feeding for 
eggs will jnake good layers of almost any 
variety. In case of large breeds, an in¬ 
crease of green food might dilute the con¬ 
centrated ration, and tend to keep the birds 
in a business condition. Recent experi¬ 
ments at Cornell show that a diet of corn 
produces fat hens and few eggs ; a nitro¬ 
genous diet, many eggs though smaller 
and in quality not so rich as the others. A 
standard ration for all breeds, then, should 
be composed of bran, middlings, cotton¬ 
seed meal, meat and bone, either fresh or 
in the prepared state, together with wheat 
and oats with little barley and corn. For 
green food they should have cabbage to 
pick at in winter and clover in summer, 
whenever they can be had, boiled roots, 
tubers and beans. Feed regularly three 
times per day no more than will be eaten 
up clean within four or five minutes. Keep 
up this method the year around, making 
no special change at the moulting season. 
At that time some of the food elements 
(among them nitrogen) Instead of going 
Into the eggs are turned In the direction of 
feather making. When the feathers are 
made the eggs will appear in due time. 
Occasional doses of condition powder will 
regulate the system, and cure some diseases, 
tut condition powder and straw will not 
make eggs. arthub d. warnrr. 
Livingston Co., N. Y. 
One cent will mail this paper to 
your friend in any part of the United 
States, Canada or Mexico, after 
you have read it and written your 
name on the corner. 
* The “OXFORD” LIBRARY of STANDARD WORKS * 
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ture. 
/ Abbot, The. I5y Sir Wal¬ 
ter Scott. 
2 Adam Bede. By G. Eliot. 
3 Aisop’s Fables. 
4 Airy Fairy Lilian. By 
the Duchess. 
5 Alice. By Lord Lytton. 
6 Alhambra. By Washing¬ 
ton Irving. 
7 Andersen’s Fairy Tales. 
8 An April Lady. By the 
Duchess. 
0 An Egyptian Princess. 
By Georg Ebers. 
10 An Ocean Tragedy. By 
W. Clark Russell. 
11 Aurclian. By Wm. Ware. 
22 Aurora Floyd. By Miss 
M. E. Braddon. 
13 Arabian Nights’ Enter¬ 
tainment. 
14 Arundel Motto, The. By 
Mary Cecil Hay. 
15 Barnaby Itudge. 
16 Baron Munchausen. 
17 Beyond Pardon. By 
Bertha M. Clay. 
18 Birds of Prey. By Miss 
M. E. Braddon. 
19 Bondman, The. By Hall 
Caine. 
20 Bride of Lammermoor. 
By Sir Walter Scott. 
21 Bride of the Nile. By 
Georg Ebers. 
22 Cast Up by the Sea. By 
Sir Samuel Baker. 
23 Catherine. Thackeray. 
24 Chaplet of Pearls. By 
Charlotte M. Yonge. 
25 Chandos. By Ouida. 
26 Charles Auchester. 
27 Charlotte Temple. By 
7' Mrs. Rowson. 
28 Children of the Abbey. 
ByReginaMaria Roche. 
29 Child’s History of Eng¬ 
land. By Dickens. 
30 Christmas Stories. By 
Charles Dickens. 
31 Coming Race. By Lord 
Lytton. 
32 Coningsby. ByLordBca- 
consfield. 
33 Cousin Pons. By Balzac. 
34 Crown of Wild Olives. 
By John Ruskin. 
35 Daniel Doronda. By 
George Eliot. 
36 Dcldee; or.ThelronTTand 
By Florence Warden, 
37 Daughter of an Empress, 
The. * By M u h 1 bach. 
38 David Copperfield, By 
Charles Dickens. 
39 Daughter of Heth. By 
William Black, 
40 Deemster, The. By Ilall 
Caine. 
41 Deerslayer. By J. Feni- 
more Cooper. 
42 Denis Duval. By W. M. 
Thackeray. 
43 Dick’s Sweetheart. By 
the Duchess. 
44 Dombey and Son. By 
Charles Dickens. 
45 Donal Grant. By George 
Macdonald. 
46 Donovan. ByEdnaLvall. 
47 Don Quixote. Cervantes. 
48 Dora Thorne. By Bertha 
M. Clay. 
49 Dove in the Eagle’s Nest, 
The. By Charlotte M. 
Yonge. 
60 Duke’s Secret. By Bertha 
M. Clay. 
Cl East Lynne. By Mrs. 
Ilenry Wood. 
C2 Elbe Ogilvic. By Mrs. 
Oliphant. 
C3 Egotist, The. By George 
Meredith. 
54 Ernest Maltravers. By 
Lord Lytton. 
55 Eugene Aram. By Lord 
Lytton. 
C 6 Fair Women. By Mrs. 
Forrester. 
C7 Faith and Unfaith. By 
the Duchess. 
C 8 False Start., A. By Haw¬ 
ley Smart. 
59 Far from the Madding 
Crowd. By Hardy. 
CO Felix Holt. By George 
Eliot. 
61 File No. 113. By Emile 
Gaboriau. 
02 First Violin, The. By 
Jessie F’othergill. 
C3 For Lilias. By Rosa 
Nouchctte Carey. 
C4 Foul Play. By Charles 
Iteade. 
65 Flying Dutchman. ByW. 
Clark Russell. 
66 Frederick the Great and 
His Court. Muhlbnch. 
C7 Gilded Clique. By Emile 
Gaboriau. 
03 Gold Elsie. ByE.Marlitt. 
09 Great Expectations. By 
Charles Dickens. 
70 Grimm’s Fairy Talcs. II- 
lustratcd. By the 
Brothers Grimm. 
71 Green Mountain Boys. By 
Judge D. P. Thompson. 
72 Griffith Gaunt. ByC’has. 
Rcade. 
73 Guildcroy. By Ouida. 
74 Gulliver’s Travels. By 
Dean Swift. 
75 Guy Mannering. By Sir 
Walter Scott. 
75 nardy Norseman, A. E 7 
Edna Lyall. 
77 Ilarry Lorrequer. By 
. Charles Lever. 
73 nandyAndy. By Lover. 
79 Henry Esmond. By W. 
M. Thackeray. 
80 House on the Marsh. By 
Florence Warden. 
01 Hypatia. By Kingsley. 
62 In Peril of His Life. By 
Emile Gaboriau. 
C3 In the Schillingscourt, 
By E. Mariitt. v 
81 Ivanhoe. Sir W. Scott. 
85 Jane Eyre. By Charlotte 
Bronte. 
86 John Halifax. By Miss 
Mulock. 
87 June. By Mrs. Forrester. 
63 Kenelm Chillingly. By 
Lord Lytton. 
89 Knickerbockernistoryof 
New York. Irving. 
00 Knight-Errant. By Edna 
Lyall. 
91 Lady Audley’s Secret. By 
M. E. Braddon. 
02 Last Days of Pompeii. 
03 Last of the Mohicans. 
04 Lady Castlemaine’s 
Divorce. ByB.M.Clav. 
95 Lerouge Case. By Emile 
Gaboriau. 
96 Lorna Doone. By R. D. 
Blackmore. 
97 L o t h a i r. By Lord 
Beaconsfield. 
98 Macleod of Dare. By Wil¬ 
liam Black. 
C9 Madcap Violet. Black. 
100 Martin Chuzzlewit. 
101 March in the Ranks, A. 
By Jessie Fothergill. 
102 Mastcrman Ready. By 
Marryat. 
103 Master Passion. By 
Florence Marryat. 
104 Middlemarch. By Eliot. 
105 Mill on the Floss. By 
George Eliot. 
106 Molly Bawn. By the 
Duchess. 
107 Moonstone,The. ByW. 
Collins. 
108 Monastery. By Sir 
Walter Scott. 
109 Monsieur Lecoq. Emile 
Gaboriau. 
110 Moths. By Ouida. 
111 Murders in tho Rue 
Morgue. By Poe. 
112 My Heart’s Darling. By 
W. Ileimburg. 
113 My Lord and My Lady. 
By Mrs. Forrester. 
114 Mystery of Orcival. By 
Gaboriau.! 
'.crious Island, The. 
2 Jules Verne, 
of the Woods. 
117 Nicholas Nickleby. 
113 No Name. By Wilkie 
Collins. 
119 Not Like Other Girls. 
By Rosa N. Carey. 
120 Old Curiosity Shop. 
121 Old Manrselle’a Se- 
122 Old Myddleton’aMoney. 
By M. C. Hay. 
123 Oliver Twist. 
124 Only the Governess. By 
Rosa Nouchctte Carey. 
125 Other People’s Money. 
By Gaboriau. 
126 Othmar. By Ouida. 
127 Our Mutual Friend. By 
Charles Dickens. 
128 Owl House, The. ByE. 
Mariitt. 
129 Pair of Blue Eyes, A. 
By Thomas nardy. 
130 Pathfinder. By J. Fom¬ 
in ore Cooper. 
131 Paul and Virginia. 
132 Phantom Ship, The. By 
Marryat. ' 
133 Pickwick Papers. 
134 Pilgrim’s Progress. By 
John Bunyan. 
135 Pilot, The. By Cooper. 
136 Pioneer. ByJ.F. Cooper. 
137 Prairie, The. By Cooper. 
138 Prime Minister, The. By 
Anthony Trollope. 
139 Princess of the Moor, 
The. By E. Mariitt. 
140 Queen Hortense. By 
Louisa Muhlbach. 
141 Redgauntlet. By Scott. 
142 Red Itover. By Cooper. 
143 Reproach of Annerslcy. 
By Maxwell Gray. 
144 Rhoda Fleming. By 
George Meredith. 
145 Robinson Crusoe. By 
Daniel Defoe. 
146 Rob Roy. By Sir Wal¬ 
ter Scott. 
147 Romance of a Poor 
Young Man. Feuillet. 
148 Rory O’More. By Sam¬ 
uel Lover. 
119 Romola. By Geo. Eliot. 
150 Scottish Chiefs. 
151 Search for Basil I.ynd- 
huret. By It. N. Carey. 
152 Second Wife, The. Bj 
E. Mariitt. 
153 Sesame and Lilies. By 
John Ruskin. 
154 Set in Diamonds. By 
Bertha M. Clay. 
155 Shandon Bells. Black. 
156 Shirley. By Charlotte 
Bronte. 
157 Silence of Dean Mait¬ 
land. Maxwell Gray. 
158 Sketch Book. By Wash¬ 
ington Irving. 
159 Spy ; The. By Cooper. 
1G0 Squire’s Legacy. By 
Mary Cecil Hay. 
161 The Antiquary. By Sir 
Walter Scott. 
162 Strange Adventures of a 
Phaeton. Black. 
103 Strange Case of Dr. 
Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. 
By It. L. Stevenson. 
1C4 Strange Story, A. By 
Lora Lytton. 
165 Sunshine and Roses. By 
Bertha M. Clay. 
166 Swiss Family Robinson. 
167 Syrlin. By Ouida. 
108 Tale of Two Cities. 
109 The Young Duke. By 
Beaconsfield. 
170 Tliaddeus of Warsaw. 
171 The Countess Eve. By 
J. II. Shorthouse. 
172 The Fairy of the Alps. 
By E. Werner. 
173 Three Guardsmen. By 
Alexandre Dumas. 
174 Tom Brown’s School¬ 
days. By Hughes. 
175 Tom Brown ut, Oxford. 
By Thomas Hughes. 
176 Torn Cringle’s Log. By 
Michael Scott. 
177 Tour of the World in 80 
Days. By Jules Verne. 
178 Twenty Years After. By 
Alexandre Dumas. 
179 20,OCX) Leagues Under 
the Sea. By Verne. 
ICO Twice Told Tales. By 
Nathaniel Hawthorne. 
101 Two Years Before tho 
Mast. By R. H. Dana, 
Jr. 
132 Uarda. By Georg Ebers 
163 Vanity Fair. By W. M 
Thackeray. 
VA The Vendetta. Balzac 
185 Vicar of Wakefield. Bj 
Oliver Goldsmith. 
186 Vivian Grey. By Lord 
Beaconsfield. 
187 Vixen. By Miss M. E. 
Braddon. 
188 Waverley. By Sir Wal¬ 
ter Scott. 
139 We Two. By Lyall.' 
100 Wee Wide. By Cnrey. 
191 What’s Mine'sMine. By 
George Macdonald. 
192 Wooed and Married. By 
Rosa N. Carey. 
193 Widow Bedott Papers, 
By Mrs. Whitcher. 
194 Willy Reilly. By Wil¬ 
liam Carleton. 
195 Woman’s Face, A. By 
Mrs. Alexander. 
196 Woman in White, The. 
By Wilkie Collins. 
197 Woman’s Love Story,A. 
By Bertha M. Clay. 
198 Wooing O’t, The. By 
Mrs. Alexander. 
199 Zanoni. By Lytton. 
200 Zenobia. By Wm. Ware. 
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