686 
SEPT. 26 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
gone back considerably in the past few years, he was at 
one time considered one of the best dogs bred and was 
sold at auction for $1,750. Clifton Chief was imDorted to 
this country for his blood more than for his good points. 
Although a perfect collie back of the bead, he is rather 
inclined to thickness or heaviness there. His legs, coat, 
etc , are perfect. He is a son of Cb. Cremorne out of Barby 
Rose. This blood runs back to the Ch. Rutland, Wolf, 
Madge, and many other of the champion animals, includ¬ 
ing Charlemagne, which is considered the best coliie ever 
bred. The dam of Pansy is imported Frisk, by Romulus 
ex Blythe. This bitch runs back to the Ch. Old Cockey, 
Wolf and other blood, the combination of which cannot be 
excelled. Pansy is a dark sable bitch with white tips 
with a beautiful muzzle. She is a fine, large, lofty bitch 
in every particular. 
The puppies (Fig. 248) are out of imported Fleet, and 
were sired by Paragon. Fleet is by Rutland Jr., out of 
Highland Girl, by imported Kiser, ex imported Monk. 
Fleet is one of our best brood bitches. Although not a 
show animal, she has thrown as many choice puppies of 
strong vitality, good points, etc., as any bitch we have in 
the kennels. The sire of these puppies is Fordhook Par¬ 
agon, a litter brother to Fordhook Pansy, so that the com¬ 
bination of blood is extra fine in every way. 
We have now on our books orders for about 20 collie 
puppies and we have shipped from 12 to 18 in the last two 
weeks and the majority of our orders now are waiting for 
puppies which will not be ready to ship until the last part 
of September or first of October. This will give an idea as 
to the vast numbers of collie puppies that are required for 
the farmers’ use in this country. In fact, our collie busi¬ 
ness alone will reach from 150 to 250 puppies per year. Of 
course we have numerous puppies whelped 
which we cannot send out; we generally 
dispose of these by killing them. This year 
we have infused the blood of Ch. Scotilla 
and have also engaged the services of 
Welles bourne Charley, which we consider 
the finest collie in the world, for two oths 
bitches at a very high rate of service fee. 
. Training the Collie. 
An old trainer of wide experience gives 
us these rules for educating the collie so 
that he may become a useful citizen ; we 
know from experience that an uneducated 
collie may easily become a perfect scamp. '_, 
“ It is almost useless to commence train¬ 
ing the pup until it is six months old, 
except to teach it obedience, and this you *. 
can do at two to four months old. It should • - 
be practiced at a certain hour every morn¬ 
ing, before eating its meal, that it may y. 
understand it is a task to be done. Feed 
immediately after, that it may soon learn 
to look upon it as a reward for doing that *$11111 
task. Never play with the dog while 
training him ; alwaj s keep strictly to busi- 
ness at that time. Never allow any one to 
be with you during the lesson, that he may WMi 
concentrate his dog intellect upon the work L 
in hand. He positively must never be 
struck a cruel blow during the training, 
or his attention will be drawn to the whip 
instead of the lesson. Use the whip to 
motion with. Remember, if you break the 
will of your puppy by harsh or cruel treat¬ 
ment, it will be useless. The first few les¬ 
sons may be blank failures; the puppy C 
may lie down and refuse to do what you IQA 
desire of him. To strike your puppy at 
such a time would take months to over¬ 
come, and would be downright cruelty. 
The only course to pursue is to change the 
lesson to play. In one or two mornings his 
fears are dispelled, and he is ready to be 
handled. 
“One master and only one must a pup have ; all the other 
members of the family should be strictly forbidden to give 
him orders or cultivate his affections. He must be taught 
obedience, and to obey your commands implicitly, before 
attempting to work him on stock. You can do this by 
using some word of command when feeding, and you alone 
doing this. Your orders should be at all times given in a 
quiet, easy tone, never allowing yourself to become angry. 
The very best trained dog needs reproving at times ; but 
he must be made to come up a hundred times to be petted 
and rewarded, where he comes up once to be punished. 
Never allow him to be with the stock unless you are with 
him, as he may contract bad or wayward habits, hard to 
break him of. When first (for a few times) taking him 
with the stock, do not allow him to work at all, but do the 
work yourself, and keep him close to you, to accustom 
him to the stock, and the stock to him. In case he is in¬ 
clined to run all over the field, use a chain and keep him 
with you. Make the first lesson short, and be sure he 
learns one thing thoroughly before entering upon another 
task. He must never, on any account, be allowed to go 
straight toward the sheep; it is a very difficult thing to 
prevent; but, if he does it, he must be called back and 
compelled to circle out wide. The old saying, ‘a barking 
dog never bites,’ is just what you want in a dog driving 
sheep or cattle; indeed, a dog which pursues the latter 
course must be restrained and punished. Young dogs are 
very apt to nip the heels of the sheep. They must be 
taught to confine themselves to barking alone. If held 
back by a rope, and a great noise and hubbub is made, he 
will get to barking, and once this is accomplished, the 
way will be easier thenceforth. In speaking to the dog 
always use the same words of command and gestures, as 
‘ Go fetch ’em up !’ ‘ Head away 1 ’ ‘ Get out wide!’ ‘Hold 1’ 
etc., etc. Use the hand or whip in making gestures.” 
WHEAT ON AN OHIO CORN STUBBLE. 
A Cautious Use of Fertilizers. 
On page 645, Mr. A. A. gives his experience in using fer¬ 
tilizers and seeding corn land to wheat, and tells of his 
disappointments in both cases. Hs does not say what 
would be a satisfactory wheat crop from corn stubble, 
hence I cannot tell whether my experience will be of any 
value, but here it is along with some information I have 
received from others. 
The greater part of the area here sown to wheat is corn 
land, sown after the corn is in the shock. The crop, as a 
rule, is light on the clay lands, the best this year, in this 
neighborhood, being 18 bushels per acre, without fertilizers 
of any kind. The usual practice is to put sod land in corn, 
followed by wheat. Most of the land needs tile drainage, 
but very little of this exists. A gentleman five miles from 
here, on clay land partially drained, by using 150 pounds 
of fertilizer per acre, secured this year 25% bushels of No. 
1 wheat. This crop followed corn and was sown, I think, 
during the last 10 days of September. The land was 
worked over with a 7-foot Cutaway harrow followed by a 
drag harrow in the same direction in which it was desired 
to work the drill. Another man secured from 21.8 acres 
sowed the last week in September, 31.42 bushels per acre. 
From 5.63 acres sowed the third week in October, he 
secured 21% bushels per acre. This last plot had been in 
corn two years. The first plot had given one crop of com. 
Each row had been Randalled without riding the harrow, 
and the land leveled with a drag harrow once in the row. 
One hundred and twenty pounds of bone per acre had been 
used. The farmer claims that the fertilizer increased the 
yield 10 bushels per acre, but he believes that 90 pounds 
would have been as efficient. He calculates that the cost 
PANSY. Fig. 247. 
of this crop per bushel was 55.6 cents. It is partly black 
soil, underlaid at the depth of 18 inches with red clay. 
A part of the land—clay—is partially tile drained. This 
man is a good farmer, always giving his corn clean and 
nearly level cultivation and checking it. 
Last year on a 10%-acre field commencing October 4 
and finishing about the shocks October 10, the wet 
weather having delayed me a day and a half. I sowed one 
bushel per acre, and harvested nearly 26 bushels per aero, 
lacking but two bushels of making this average on the 
whole lot. The field is underlaid with about 350 rods of 
tile. Before tiling it was never known to produce more 
than eight bushels of wheat per acre. 
Last year the corn yielded upwards of 60 bushels per 
acre, following clover with 18 loads of stable and barnyard 
manure per acre. I have never used any commercial ferti¬ 
lizer on this field. Last year I harvested from my best 
land—part of it black soil—24 bushels per acre. Through 
this field we put on one acre 200 pounds of acidulated bone. 
It was easy to note where it had been used by the stronger 
growth of the wheat. When the March freeze caught it 
the wheat on the fertilized plot was about three inches 
higher than the other. Afterwards the difference was not 
so easily noted. After harvest a difference could be seen 
in the density of the stubble. The use of fertilizer has 
not so far overwhelmed me with extra bushels of wheat, 
but has given me a fair return in the grass following. 
Last year my preparation of the land was as follows : 
I went astride of each corn row with a seven-foot Cutaway 
harrow; in its work it threw out nearly all the stubs. 
This made two stirrings of the soil. When this was done 
on part of the field, the soil was a little wet too wet to 
work with a drag harrow, but the Cutaway threw it up in 
such a way that I thought there would be no injury, but 
now I think it would have been better to have waited till 
the land was in prime order. After the Cutaway we ran 
the drag harrow in the lands ia the direction we worked 
the drill. This prevented much clogging of the drill with 
stubs and other litter. I drilled corn for a few years, but 
abandoned the practice for several reasons ; one was the 
difficulty of leveling the land for wheat. I have never 
rolled before or after sowing, but think of trying it this 
year, believing that I can increase the yield enough to 
more than pay for the trouble. I find barnyard manure 
on my clay, tile drained lands brings a return every time, 
and for a number of years after its application. While I 
intend to make some exDeriments with commercial ferti¬ 
lizers, I hope to make clover my mainstay in increasing the 
wheat yield. JOHN M. JAMISON. 
Ross Co., Ohio. __ 
PEACH TREES IN IOWA; HARDY VARIETIES. 
Peach trees of the common varieties have been fruited suc¬ 
cessfully in Iowa by laying down and covering them late in 
the fall. Budded trees four to five feet in height are plant¬ 
ed on dry soil facing the south. These are given good cul¬ 
ture and are about seven feet in height in the fall. Late 
in fall, after the leaves have dropped, tne side limbs are 
trimmed off, and the roots cut so as to favor laying them 
down flat on the ground. The cane is covered with straw, 
with some earth to hold it in place, after the ground is 
frozen so as to avoid damage by mice. The next spring 
five or six feet of the prostrate stem are left in horizontal 
position, and the point is turned up. As the tree attains 
height in its new position of course it must be staked. 
When cold weather approaches, after a season of growth, 
the young wood is cut back about one-half, the tree is cut 
loose from the stake, and turned over to the right or left 
and covered with litter and earth as before. 
It Is true that earth should not come in 
contact with- the wood of the bearing 
branches, as it will rot the fruit buds. If 
the litter covering is held in place by brush 
or billets of wood it is preferable to 
^ weighting with earth. If the earth is dis¬ 
pensed with, the covering may be done 
after the earth is quite solidly frozen, which 
much lessens the liability of damage from 
mice. 
On the college farm, at Ames, such hardy 
peaches as Hill’s Chili and Wager will 
sometimes endure two or three mild win¬ 
ters in succession, but the first hard winter 
kills them to the earth. In 1883 we re¬ 
ceived some one year-old peach trees from 
the province of Shense, in China, and some 
pits from Bokhara, in central Asia. Some 
of the north China varieties and all of the 
seedlings from the Bokhara pits have 
stood our recent test winters, so destruc¬ 
tive to orchards, better than the Early 
Richmond or English Morello Cherries. 
In size and quality of fruit some of our 
Bokhara seedlings compare favorably 
with our best sorts of the old list. Mr. 
Phoenix, of the Bloomington, Ill., nurser¬ 
ies, says that Bokhara No. 10 is equal to 
the Alexander in earliness, size and qual¬ 
ity, and a perfect freestone. Bokhara Nos. 
1 and 2 have also been reported very 
favorably as to size and quality. I have 
reason to believe that still hardier varieties 
can be introduced from Mongolia and 
northern Bokhara. I wish also to ex¬ 
press the belief that the rough skinned 
giant peaches of Turkestan should be 
imported into the northern limits of the 
, peach-growing belt. That they will prove 
hardier in tree and more nearly free 
from disease than any of our old varie¬ 
ties, I am certain. The fruit of this 
type was eaten freely when I was on the 
lower Volga, in 1883, and pronounced perfect in quality. 
Iowa Agricultural College. [PROF.] J. L. BUDD. 
SOME EXPERIENCE WITH PAP AW FRUIT. 
Mr. E. S. Wheeler, of Lynn, N. C., favors us with a box 
of papaws which was received on the 10th of this month 
very fine specimens. He says: “The Rural’s illustrated 
papaws were about half the size of those growing wild 
here, yet there are smaller fruits, as shown by toe inclosed 
specimens. The illustrated tree looks like ours growing 
in the open as an ornamental tree.” 
Three of the largest weighed three pounds and 15% 
ounces. One weighed 5% ounces and measured 4% inches in 
length and 2% in diameter. Our illustration was made from 
fruits not half ripe taken from a tree in the Rural Grounds. 
They are much larger now though not so large as the 
specimens sent by Mr. Wheeler. 
The fruit was eaten by a number of The R. N.-Y. office 
people and the following are their several estimates of the 
quality : 
A. —“Sickishly sweet; resembles banana in texture. 
Never tasted any fruit so sickening. If I were to eat an¬ 
other, it would make me sick.” 
B. —“ Sickishly sweet.” 
C. —“ Resembles muskmelon, except that the texture Is 
finer. Leaves a sickening taste.” 
D. —“ Half way between a banana and a muskmelon. 
Do not like it—too sweet. Could not eat another without 
feelings too full for utterance.” 
E. —“ On eating it for the first time I am reminded of a 
banana. It more strongly resembles the squash in flavor, 
however. The worst thing about it is the many and large 
seeds.” 
