688 
SEPT. 26 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
Live Stock Matters. 
PBOF. Cooke declares that there Is always a loss when 
creams of different degrees of ripeness are mixed jast 
before churning. 
It is not a bright, but a poor man, who milks the cow 
half out and then lets the calf finish. The last milk is 
always the richest. Let the calf have first chance. 
My experience has been that the blocky horse Is by far 
the best. L. P. STARKWEATHER. 
United States Express Co., Boston. 
The famous Holstein cow, Pauline Paul, is a cripple 
from an accident that happened to one of her hind feet 
four years ago. She is scarcely able to walk! All the 
more honor for her to stand at the head of butter cows. 
A Startling Opinion. —I believe there is soon to be as 
great a revolution in cattle breeding as there was in Col¬ 
lins’s and Tompkins’s time—1766-1780—and that the next 
16 years is to be as prosperous a time for the cattle interests 
as has ever been known. T. L. miller. 
Will Co., Ill. 
Molasses for Stock.— We have had much to say about 
the cheap waste molasses—a refuse product of Louisiana 
sugar making. Three purposes have been proposed for 
utilizing this waste—rum making, fuel, and stock feed¬ 
ing. It will undoubtedly make rum, but should never be 
used for such a purpose; as a fuel It ought to succeed, but 
success has not been practically demonstrated. As to its 
use as a stock food, various opinions have been given. 
Prof. G. W. Curtis, of Texas, who has experimented some¬ 
what with it, writes: “ I think it probable that molasses 
in connection with otherwise all dry food might prove of 
value in rendering such food more palatable; but with 
green stuff or ensilage I should not think it advisable to 
use it. I have no information that the practice is fol¬ 
lowed to any great extent of feeding it in connection with 
cotton-seed meal and hull feeding. It has been tried by 
several in an experimental way, but In most cases not 
enough Increase was found to pay for the extra trouble 
and expense. I consider it a fine thing to help to fit 
an animal for the show ring, regardless of expense; but 
should not think of using it in practical feeding.” 
Turning Grain Into Butter —The owner of Bisson’s 
Belle, the Jersey cow that made 1,029 pounds of butter in 
a year, gives this account of the grain fed to her during the 
test. 
She was kept on a feed of three gallons of grain a day 
for about five weeks and then fed strongly immediately be¬ 
fore starting her test, so that when the test started she had 
four gallons of corn meal and two gallons of bran a day 
divided into two feeds. The week following five gallons 
of corn meal and two of bran, then reduced to four gallons 
of corn meal and two of bran, divided in two feeds, or two 
gallons of corn meal and one of bran at a feed. Sometimes 
this was increased and sometimes decreased, according to 
judgment; sometimes instead of bran she had oats. When 
she had oats it was ground with the corn ; sometimes oats 
and corn, ground half and half, and fed four gallons of 
this with one-half gallon extra of corn meal. Sometimes 
she was cooled out; in fact very generally once in 10 days 
she got a gallon of wet bran at a feed with nothing else. 
Think of feeding 24 quarts of grain per dayl We know 
men who will not buy a cow that has been “ trained to eat 
grain; ” they want one that has learned how to make but¬ 
ter and milk without grain. The successful dairyman and 
the one who claims that dairying “ don’t pay ” have differ¬ 
ent ways of looking at a cow. To one she is a machine for 
changing the low-priced fat in food into the high-priced 
fat in butter; to the other she is a costly animal stubborn 
enough to refuse to give milk and butter unless she is fed 
for it. If the fat in grain costs five cents a pound and the 
cow can extract it and so change it into the form of butter 
that sells for 25 cents, the more of it she can handle the 
better will she pay. It is “ business ” to feed the cow all 
the fat she can turn Into butter. At her best Bisson’s 
Belle averaged nearly five pounds of butter per day. As a 
matter of business it paid better to feed her 24 quarts of 
grain than to feed her no grain at all. The butter comes 
from the food—not f’-om the cow. If the cow does not pay 
because the farmer buys fat in forms of grain that are too 
expensive—that is not the cow’s fault. 
A Tested Jersey.— Ayer & McKinney send the follow¬ 
ing note: “Queen of Pomona 56250 was dropped March 31, 
1889; when she was two years and four months old she 
dropped her first calf, June 14, 1891. The test was made 
from August 5 to August 12,1891. During the seven days 
she gave 188 pounds and eight ounces of milk, which pro¬ 
duced 52 pounds of cream ; from this was made 16 pounds 
and 10 ounces of unsalted butter, which netted 16 pounds 
and 6 ounces of butter salted, one ounce to the pound, and 
well worked. During the seven days she was fed 150 
pounds of grain, which consisted of corn meal, oat meal, 
bran, pea meal and oil meal. In addition to this she had 
poor pasture and some green oats and green peas. During 
the entire test she ate freely, and could easily have been 
pushed to a much higher point.” This is the first daugh¬ 
ter of Ida of St. Lambert’s Bull 19169 to come in milk. By 
the way, how many farmers think of bolstering up that 
“ poor pasture ” with green fodder crops ? 
Cutting Grain Hay.— I endeavor to cut grain hay 
when in the milk. I use a reaper to cut it when we de¬ 
liver it in small sheaves, which we allow to lie on the 
ground about two days; then it is turned over with a fork 
and left two days more, when it is tied up and stooked 
until it is ready to be taken into the barn—in about a week 
from the time it was cut. I feed it to both cows and 
horses, giving them a good feed—generally two sheaves— 
at each feeding. What they leave—which is generally con¬ 
siderable—I put through the chaff cutter, mix some bran 
with it and wet it and give it to them again, and then there 
is none left. In this way of feeding none is wasted. When 
tied up no dirt gets in it, and the handling is far nicer in 
every way. I give the cows about a bushel of roots, which 
some writers say are no good, and I get as good a flow of 
milk In the winter as in summer. My own observations 
have been that farmers who grow the most roots have 
the best farms and the biggest bank accounts. J. N. s. 
Somenos, British Columbia. 
A New Hampshire Cow Problem.— I feed four quarts 
of grain to each cow per day and all of the fodder they 
will eat up clean morning and night, and let them run in 
a bushy pasture during the day. My butter has sold at 
the store for 25 cents this summer, but I claim I do not 
make anything out of it, only the farm is growing better, 
and I can grow larger crops and feed more cows to make 
more work. I cannot see the end or where I can better 
myself now, unless I sell off the cows and put my whole 
time into small fruits, of which I have some, and hay for 
which my farm is well adapted, barring the stones, but 
they want my butter at the store, so I will keep on. 
Milford, N. H. p - c - 
R. N.-Y.—Can there be any trouble with the cows ? Do 
they get all the fat out of the feed, or does too much of it 
go into the manure pile? Fat is good for nothing in 
manure. 
Drink for the Horse— A great many horses are the 
victims of forced internperauce—hard and wrong drinking. 
Some farmers seem to think that the horse will thrive on 
the same system of watering and feeding that proves suc¬ 
cessful with the cow. It is a mistake. Robert Bonner 
has recently explained this matter In these words: 
When it is remembered that the stomach of a horse is 
really small, in proportion to tne size of his body, it will 
be seen that it requires feeding often—even four times a 
day. Unlike human beings, horses should drink before 
eating, and drink as much as they like. Owing to a 
strange internal arrangement in a horse, the water does 
not remain In the stomach but passes through into the 
caecum—a large intestine. If a horse should be fed first 
one can readily see that the water in flowing through 
would carry with it some of the food, and thus produce 
colic. A horse, if “watered” four times a day, will neyer 
take much—not too much. He is fed, it must be remem¬ 
bered, upon dry food, and that, with the quantity of hard 
work done, would produce a feverishness which a proper 
amount of water will very much allay; 
Many good farmers have different ideas as to the best 
time to water horses, but they will all agree that the 
horse needs frequent drinks and is injured when compelled 
to swill down enough water once or twice a day to last 
him for the whole 24 hours. A big cow may be able to 
handle a barrel of water at one time, but a horse cannot 
do it. __ 
Farm Politics. 
Here it is proposed to discuss with freedom and fairness, ques¬ 
tions of National or State policy that particularly concern farm¬ 
ers. The editors disclaim responsibility for the opinions of cor¬ 
respondents. The object is to develop a true and fair basis for 
organization among farmers. Let us think out just what we want 
and then strive for it. 
WE NEED MORE AMERICANISM. 
Some weeks ago I wrote a note about a boy who was 
having some tough experience in the chicken business. 
He invested his savings in “ improvements,” and when the 
hens stopped laying and consequently gave no income, he 
had no money with which to feed them. He has been 
forced to sell off some of his stock at a loss in order to keep 
the others alive. Now another incident occurs that illus¬ 
trates a frequent complaint among farmers. The boy 
bought a bag of wheat of the local miller and had to pay 
over two cents a pound for it. He got desperate when he 
figured out how long it would take his hens to lay eggs 
enough to pay for it. Another thing made it worse. He 
had been raising some sweet corn to try to earn a little 
money of his own. The markets are just flooded with 
peaches and other fruits and people just can’t eat vege¬ 
tables and meat. So down goes sweet corn in price till all 
the boy can get for a dozen noble great ears is 15 cents! 
He claims that this is all wrong—that everybody is getting 
rich except him. The grain growers are getting his money 
because they charge too much for their grain while the 
peach growers have no business to glut the market so that 
sweet corn has no sale. He wants to belong to the political 
party that will straighten out these things and prevent 
gluts and high prices. This boy likes to go to the big city 
now and then where he can buy things cheap, see the 
eights and witness a good game of ball. He realizes that 
these pleasant things are possible because thousands of 
people are congregated in a small area where their com¬ 
bined effort accomplishes great results. When I tell him 
that if his new party is to distribute prices and supply so 
evenly it must also distribute markets—break up the big 
cities and scatter the population evenly over the country, 
he says—“No ! I don’t want that 1” Of course he doesn’t. 
He wants to hang on to all the good things he has and get 
just as many more as he can. 
Now it looks to me as though too many people in this 
country take about this view of public affairs. The ten¬ 
dency is to become a local citizen and to forget the larger 
duties that belong to American citizenship. Here is a 
man who lives in a place where he can see no direct benefit 
arising from the tariff. He at once proposes to launch in 
and wipe the tariff out regardless of the fact that by so 
doing be may hurt some other honest working man. And 
so it goes on with other things, folks trying to stretch and 
pull a local measure into a national law. This is a big 
country. A man doing business in Oregon is as much an 
American citizen as a New Yorker. Neither an Oregon 
nor a New York local law will answer for an American 
law. All national laws are compromises between widely 
different claims. The level-headed men who discuss things 
temperately are the ones that hold the balance of power. 
What we want is a bigger and broader view of American¬ 
ism. The Western men howling at New England make 
me think of a man finding fault with his grandmother. 
jerseyman. 
PROF. SANBORN 13 NO “PLUTOCRA-T.” 
Mr. Dillon—page 592—Is rather warm in his objection to 
my proposition “that farmers pursue as honest and as im¬ 
partial a policy as it is possible for them to do,” because 
he informs us that other parties have seized upon special 
privileges, and, therefore, that farmers should also seize 
upon unjust privileges. It is precisely this policy that I 
object to, not only because it is wrong, but because it is 
both unnecessary and unwise. The world is now growing 
calm and intelligent enough to legislate upon principles 
of absolute equity; and the farmers are the only strong 
and conservative body that are capable, in point of num¬ 
bers and of weight, of enforcing a policy of exact equality 
In legislation, and they should be apDealed to to pursue 
that policy rather than one that might b 3 engendered from 
the wounds that they have received, however unjustly, 
from others. I say that it is a part of wisdom to pursue 
such a policy. Mr. Dillon and all farmers must not for¬ 
get that, while they are pressing closely those that have 
wronged them, there is an immense mass of people in a 
stratum below them that are pressing them also, not to 
right wrongs that farmers have placed upon them, but 
wrongs, or imaginary wrongs, that society, so they think, 
has subjected them to. They wish to nationalize lands 
and property ; in short, to wrest from farmers their rights 
to land. It might be right, or if we act uDon that assump¬ 
tion, it might set the precedent or claim that land is not 
ours fairly—we are simply inviting those from below, 
who are pressing very hard, to take all that they can seize 
upon by the same right on which Mr. Dillon claims farm¬ 
ers should act—the right of the power that they possess. 
It seems very funny to me to have Mr. Dillon class me 
among the plutocrats. Long before I occupied the posi¬ 
tion I now do and have occupied for 10 years, and while yet 
on my own farm, I began to work to secure for farmers 
what I deemed their rights and have endeavored to do so 
ever since as consistently as my judgment would permit. 
My only property is in real estate and upon that, like 
many other farmers, I am paying interest money. I trust 
the farmers, and I am sure that they will repudiate, as 
everything now indicates, these specious pleas for the at¬ 
tack on the rights and property of others. It is absolutely 
unnecessary. There is a fair field of rights to claim and to 
secure, and he who asks for more is no friend of farmers. 
I yield to no man in my anxiety that the farmers should 
seize upon the last right that belongs to them, and with¬ 
out any hesitation whatever, but hope that they will ask 
more. [prof.J J. w. sanborn# 
Utah Experiment Station. 
The Farmers Club. 
ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
| Every query must be accompanied by the name and address of the 
writer to Insure attention. Before asking a question please see if it is 
not answered in our advertising columns. Ask only a few questions at 
one time. Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Are The Experiment Stations "No Good?” 
E. P. L., Berkeley County, W. Fa.—Some of the farm¬ 
ers in my neighborhood argue that our experiment station 
as well as others is an unnecessary tax or expense upon 
the farming class and others in general. They claim that 
no benefit Is derived from it in any way, shape or form. 
Last year our Alliance sent a sample of phosphate to it to 
be analyzed. Before informing us as to its quality, they 
insisted on having the name of the firm that made it. 
Now these farmers claim that the manufacturers pay them 
so much to grade it according to the guaranteed analysis 
on the sack. What does The Rural think ? 
Ans —The R. N.-Y. has never visited the West Virginia 
Station and has not paid special attention to its work ex¬ 
cept in the lines of dairying. We are personally acquainted 
with the director and know him to be a thoroughly compe¬ 
tent and honorable man. The charge that he has been 
paid by fertilizer manufacturers to give bogus analyses we 
can safely brand as absurd and untrue. If the farmers 
who sent the fertilizer will take the trouble to look up the 
law they will find that certain regulations and conditions 
are prescribed. The director did not make this law—he is 
but doing his duty in carrying it out. No just or reason¬ 
able man can blame him personally for carrying out the 
provisions of the law. If you consider these provisions 
unjust, blame the law—not the station. We can safely 
guarantee that if the members of your Alliance will com¬ 
ply with the directions which are furnished by the station, 
they can have any fertilizer analyzed free of charge and 
can be satisfied that the analysis is fair and accurate. Do 
men want more than this? The farmers of West Virginia 
do not contribute a cent either through State or county 
tax to the support of the experiment station. The funds 
come exclusively from the General Government. If the 
farmers derive no benefit from its work, it is largely their 
own fault. There is not a farmer in West Virginia to-day 
who does not need help on some point of chemistry, botany 
or other science. He has but to apply to the station and 
he will either be answered or referred to some one who can 
answer. The publications of that station are sent to 31,000 
farmers. The act of Congress organizing these stations 
thus defines their object. 
“Section 2. It shall be the object and duty of said ex¬ 
periment stations to conduct original researches or verify 
experiments on the physiology of plants and animals; the 
diseases to which they are severally subject, with the 
remedies for the same ; the chemical composition of use¬ 
ful plants at the different stages of growth; the compara¬ 
tive advantages of rotative cropping under a varying 
series of crops; the capacity of new plants or trees for 
acclimation; the analysis of soils and water ; the chemi¬ 
cal composition of manures, natural or artificial, with ex¬ 
periments designed to test their comparative effects on 
crops of different kinds; the adaptation and value of 
grasses and forage plants; the composition and digest!- 
