720 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
CCT. jo 
ferred to, a medium between the tall, long-legged and the 
low down, blocky horse. Is the most desirable for oar busi¬ 
ness. He can haul heavier loads longer distances, with 
greater ease and in quicker time, than a horse of either of 
the two extremes. T. A. RITSON. 
Superintendent American Express Co., New York. 
Short-horn Dairy Test —At the late New York State 
Fair two prizes of f 100 and $50 were offered for the Short¬ 
horn cows making the most butter in a two days’test on 
the ground Five entries were made. A test for butter 
fat was made of each milking, and the total fat then calcu¬ 
lated. The following table shows th« result.: 
Cow. Mllir. Per cent fat. Total fat. 
1 ...791b. 9 oz. 8 55 2 75 
2 .M if* 4 .OS 2.fiS 
8. .... 70 2 8.21 2 S> 
4 ...45 13 8.71 1.70 
5 . .67 8 3.25 2.19 
The first, cow was Fillpail 3d, owned by S. Spencer & 
Sons, Klantone, N. Y. The second prize went to Iz i, 
owned by A Morsp, of Oxford. It will be noticed that iza 
gave less milk than three others,but her milk was richer and 
thus gave more butter. Dairy Short horns are still in the 
ring. We shall soon describe one of the best herds in the 
country._ 
Farm Politics. 
Here it is proposed to discuss with freedom and fairness, ques¬ 
tions of National or State policy that particularly concern farm¬ 
ers. The editors disclaim responsibility for the opinions of cor¬ 
respondents. The object is to develop a true and fair basis for 
organization among farmers. Let us think out just what we want 
and then strive for it. 
THE OHIO POLITICAL CONTEST. 
The political campaign in Ohio is being fought on Nat¬ 
ional rather than on State issues. All parties have brought 
their best orators into the State and it seems to be gener¬ 
ally agreed that the merits of the McKinley tariff bill and 
to a somewhat less extent, “ free coinage” are on trial with 
the voters of Ohio as judges. In view of these facts. The 
R. N.-Y has endeavored to place the leading issues before 
its readers as fairly as possible by obtaining interviews 
with the candidates for governor. We herewith present 
statements made to our representative by Governor Camp¬ 
bell, Democratic, and John Seitz, People’s party. Major 
McKinley’s statement will be given next week. We also 
hoped to obtain an interview with the Prohibition candi¬ 
date, but have been unable to do so. We sh <11 be pleised 
to give his views if he will prepare them for us. In pre¬ 
paring these statements our representative has tried to 
give the exact words of the candidates who were requested 
to state why and how American agriculture would be ad 
vanced or helped by the success of the party they represent. 
WHAT THE DEMOCRATS OFFER. 
Governor Campbell, of Ohio, as our readers know, is a 
candidate on the Democratic ticket for reelection. He is 
a genial gentleman, easily approached by all the people, 
and expressed pleasure in having an opportunity to serve 
The Rural New-Yorker. He was still suffering from 
an attack of malaria, and the interview is not so full as 
we would de-ire. After reminding the governor that the 
farmers of this country are not pleased with the present 
state of things, and are scanning party platforms as never 
before. The Rural asked him to tell its readers wherein 
his party offers any relief to the farmer. 
“ The Democratic party offers relief to the farmer in the 
way of a more economical administration of public affairs, 
as is evidenced by contrasting the management of the State 
of Ohio under Democratic administration and legislation 
with that of the United States under Republican adminis¬ 
tration and legislation. It offers relief by way of lower taxa¬ 
tion through a reduction and equalization of the tariff. I 
cannot go into all the details, but would say that if Democ¬ 
racy is returned to power, it will legislate upon the tariff 
something in the line of the Mills Bill, which was passed by 
Democratic House in July, 1883. In it lumber, salt, wool 
and other necessaries of life were put upon the free list, 
and the duties upon woolen, iron, steel and other goods 
lowered.” 
“ In what way will the free and unlimited coinage of 
silver affect the farmer f ” 
“It would not especially effect the farmer any more 
than any other citizen. Those most enthusiastic in the 
advocacy of free and unlimited coinage think the farmer 
would perhaps be more especially benefited because, as a 
rule, the farmer belongs to the debtor class, and the par¬ 
tial inflation of, or an addition to the currency would, they 
say, make better times, and enable him by that means to 
reduce or pay off his mortgage.” 
“ Farmers bear more than their share of direct taxation. 
Is an income tax the best remedy ? ” 
“It is true,” answered the governor, “that the farmers 
have more than their share of direct taxation, because 
their property Is generally of a character that cannot be 
concealed, as is done too often with stocks, bonds, prom¬ 
issory notes and other evidences of property in the hands of 
the wealthier classes. The farmer pays, also, more than 
his share of the indirect or tariff taxes. The average 
farmer in Ohio pays more tariff tax than Gould, or any of 
the Vanderbilts, because what the farmer uses is taxed 
much more heavily through the tariff than those things 
in which the enormously wealthy indulge. The income 
tax would help to equalize the indirect taxes of the Fed¬ 
eral Government more than the direct taxation of the 
State or Federal Governments ? ” 
“How does the McKinley tariff affect the farmers’in¬ 
terests ? ” 
“ 1. By increasing the cost of nearly every tool and imple¬ 
ment; of every piece of glassware, tinware and almost 
every other kind of ware in use in the United States, and 
by keeping high duties upon lumber, and by enormously 
enhancing the cost of living in every way. 2. It affects the 
farmer, so far as relates to foreign markets, by practically 
cutting.them off. I presume that this year, owing to the 
almost total failure of crops abroad, the surplus cereals and 
other crops of this country will find a market among for¬ 
eign nations, but under ordinary conditions we have sealed 
the ports of the world against our products to an extent 
never before known in the history of our own or any other 
civilized country, scarcely excepting China in the worst 
days of her seclusion. For a detailed statement of the 
manner in which a high protective tariff affects the farm¬ 
er, I would refer all readers of The Rural New Yorker 
to the great speech of Senator Vorhees, made in the United 
States Senate on March 19, 1890. 
“Democratic success will aid American agriculture by 
furni-hing an additional and large basis of trade with 
other nations of the world A Democratic revision of the 
tariff means a foreign market for our manufacturing, min¬ 
ing and other industries, and it will make all of them more 
prosperous, and thereby increase the direct prosperity of 
the farmers which will follow from a Democratic tariff re¬ 
form. I believe that the time has come when the intelli¬ 
gence of the farmer is being appealed to successfull., and 
that he will no lonarer worship the Republican fetich of 
protection to the detriment of his own obvious and unques¬ 
tioned pecuniary interests.” A. 
THE PEOPLE’S PARTY LEADER CONFIDENT. 
Hon. John Seitz, the People’s candidate for governor of 
Ohio, is a pla n country farmer who has spent much of his 
life in the study of economic questions, and has written 
much in the interests of the' producing class. When the 
convention at Springfield nominated him for governor, it 
was done against his protest, as he desired to be free to 
advocate the principles of the new party without the em¬ 
barrassments and cares that a public candidacy for office 
entails. 
The Rural correspondent met him at Springfield for 
the first time and thought he saw in him nearly the ideal 
People’s candidate. His wide reading and study, his 
ability on the platform, and especially the confidence in 
his integrity and singleness of purpose with which he in¬ 
spires all who meet him, are his elements of strength. 
Mr. Seitz is speaking daily and conducting an extensive 
correspondence in the public press, thus strengthening 
his party in every way. 
Why The Party Was Formed. 
When asked by The Rural, “ What has caused the for¬ 
mation of the People’s party ? ” Mr. Seitz replied : 
“First, the growing hardships and financial embarrass¬ 
ments of the farmers and other wealth producers led 
thoughtful men to inquire the cause, whether natural, 
providential, or the result of bad laws or commercial sys¬ 
tems. Investigation revealed the fact that while farms 
and farm products had shrunk in value in 20 years from 
33 to 50 per cent, and the labor forces were barely able to 
live, unable to adl to their comforts and possessions, a 
small fraction of the people had grown enormously rich. 
“The labor forces had produced the wealth, but the mana¬ 
gers of great enterprises had garnered it for themselves. 
This led to a study of the methods employed by the suc¬ 
cessful financiers. It was found that their power to con¬ 
trol business and labor was largely through class laws, 
enabling corporations and syndicates to control the money 
and transportation and, through these great agencies, the 
mines and great factories and immense areas of land. The 
means of production and distribution being in the hands 
of a class or classes, it was easy for them to concentrate 
the wealth in their own hands. 
“ This alarming object was accomplished before the peo¬ 
ple could be made to see how it was being done. The build¬ 
ing of our money system upon a public debt with the 
national banks to operate it, gave into the hands of a class 
the control of the volume of our currency, and by such 
control the power to fix the price of commodities and the 
wages of the producer. The contraction of the currency 
in the face of a rapidly increasing population and business 
had the effect of shrinking all values except that of money 
and credits payable in money. 
“ Meanwhile the expenses of government, local, State and 
national, were constantly increased, while the means of 
payment were lessened. Debt took the place of cash, and 
grew rapidly till now the aggregate debts of the country 
are reckoned at thirty billions of dollars. In the midst of 
bountiful crops, and fruitful mines and factories, debts and 
mortgages multiplied, and to aggravate the debtors’ situa¬ 
tion, the statement comes from high authority that the 
thirty billions of wealth produced by labor in 30 years, has 
found its way into the possession of 30,000 men. 
“It is not envy that questions the right of this contempti¬ 
ble minority to half the wealth of 63 000,000 people, but the 
fact that the owners did not honestly acquire it, and are 
using their hoards to extort more from us and our children 
after us. The attention of statesmen has been called for 
25 years to the dangerous power of class money. The Re¬ 
publican party, entrusted with power because it opposed 
human slavery, became the author and defender of corpo¬ 
rate control of money, transportation and land. It re¬ 
ceived the aid of some Democrats, the censure of others. 
Cleveland succeeded Arthur as President, and, against the 
wish of a majority of those voting for him, allied himself 
with the 1 money power ’ that was gathering spoils from 
labor. The people through various industrial organiza¬ 
tions began studying economic questions. They found 
that John Sherman and others had predicted the very re¬ 
sults that followed the contraction of the currency, which 
changed the relation between the debtor and creditor, to 
the ruin of the former. And yet they found that he had 
voted for the scheme to ‘ benefit only creditors, annui¬ 
tants, holders of money, or men with fixed incomes.’ De¬ 
voted to their party and its great leader, many Republicans 
lost faith in one who could deliberately inaugurate an era 
of corruption and gambling speculation to burden and rob 
honest toil. The failure of the Democrats to stay the hand 
of the spoilers, and the renomination of their gold standard 
leader, proved to the thoughtful that the leaders of both the 
old parties were dominated by the same money power, in¬ 
tent upon keeping the American people iu debt-slavery, or 
on making them tenants at will. Tnatthe rank and file 
of both parties are anxious to be freed from the domina¬ 
tion of Wall street is true; but aware that party prejudice 
would make it impossible for the friends of reform to unite 
on either of the old parties and thus control the example 
of Whigs and Democrats opposed to slavery extension is 
again followed by the foes of 1 industrial slavery ’ by the 
organization of a new party.” 
“What relief, Mr. Seitz, does your party offer to the 
people ? ” 
“ It proposes to secure better prices for labor products 
by expanding the currency, or rather increasing the 
volume of the money. To bring the money within the 
reach of the people, it cau be paid out to meet the ordinary 
expenses of the government, or In making needed public 
improvements, or it can be loaned to the people upon 
adequate security at a low rate of interest. This would 
stop usurious interest which, on the present scale of prices, 
cannot be paid, and it would add to the debt paving power 
of labor in the increased price of products. The People’s 
party also demands transportation and the means of com¬ 
munication at cost. These great agencies exist only by 
exercising the right of eminent domain, and of rights be¬ 
long to the whole people. It is believed that from 30 to 
40 per cent of the people’s earnings can be saved to them 
by the adoption of these policies.” 
What Does the Party Expect? 
“ Does your party expect to hold the balance of power in 
the legislature ? ” 
“Our party is organized to get control of the govern¬ 
ment, and I am confident that the patriotism, intelligence 
and moral courage of the citizens of Ohio will surprise 
those who are not fellow sufferers with the people.” 
“ Has the People’s party come to stay ? What of 1892 ? ” 
“ I certainly believe it has come in the fullness of time, 
born of necessity, to stay the proud wave of centralization, 
and save the Republic from overthrow. It is a revolution 
which will not go backward till its beneficent purposes are 
accomplished.” 
“ Mr. Seitz, it is claimed by some that the People’s party 
is a ‘class’ party. Is this true ? ” 
“ I regard the People’s movement as broader than either 
of the old parties. Our motto is, ‘ Equal and exact justice 
to all, and special favors to none.’ Our policies would 
distribute the blessings of a just government to all classes, 
while they would prevent the ‘ classes ’ from plundering 
the‘masses.’ At present a class controls the many, and 
through such control has secured a majority of the stock 
in our railways, telegraphs and telephones, our oil corpor¬ 
ations, our best mines of coal, iron, copper, tin and silver; 
our meat and lard packeries and combines, and bonds, cor¬ 
porate, municipal, state and national; and is bleeding 
American labor for the enrichment of foreign money 
barons and credit dealers. 
“The people’s movement contemplates a divorce of the 
government from this foreign power, and the establish¬ 
ment of a monetary and distributive system purely Amer¬ 
ican, and as impartial as the dews and rainsof Heaven.” A. 
FARM ECONOMY. 
Economy ought to be practiced as much on the farm as 
anywhere, or more, for are there not more things there to 
be looked after and that are exposed to the weather ? But 
what a difference there is in farmers about wastefulness. 
In driving along the road one can see many instances of it. 
It is due mainly to shlftlessness or ignorance. How often 
we see a man letting the hay where he has fed the horses 
too much be pulled out by them and go for bedding for 
the animals and be worked cff into the manure, whereas 
by a little more careful feeding it might be saved, and the 
animals would be just as well off. I saw the other day 
where a man had a stack of hay, and he bad drawn it to 
the barn and fed it out the past winter, or pretended to, 
and around the place where the stack bad been, at least 
a whole load was wasted in all; some was scattered from 
the stack to the barn where it was fed, and still lies on 
the bar posts and fences which he passed in drawing. This 
I call wastefulness, and it does no one any good. Then, I 
have seen another case where the man fed out the stack of 
hay in a lot, and sronnd where it had been spread for cattle 
to eat was a lot wa-ted—I should say at least one fourth of 
It. Some would say that feeding it out in the lot saved 
drawing both ways. Certainly it did ; but where is there 
any economy in this? Economy is needed in saving the 
manure and not letting it go to waste; scrape up the 
droppings around the barnjard several times during the 
jear. They make fine manure for the bottom of trenches 
for celery, with the dirt and manure all mixed together. 
Economy is needed in fencing the lots with the least 
labor and the expense for material, so that the fences will 
be sufficiently strong and durable. I think it is economy to 
have a good garden. We raise more from our garden for 
table eating than on the whole of the rest of the farm. 
We have strawberries, raspberries, red, black and yellow; 
blackberries, currants, white and red; gooseberries and 
grapes, besides all the vegetables we wish. This is econom¬ 
ical, because it is a saving as well as a source of pleasure 
and happiness. 
It is economy for each farmer to have some carpenter 
tools so that when any simple thing breaks he can repair 
it. I had the misfortune to tear one horseshoe off or bend 
it so that it bad to be taken off from the same foot in a 
little while three times last winter. 
I set this each time myself instead of running 2 % miles 
to the nearest blacksmith’s shop to get it set. I alwaj s keep 
nails for this purpose on hand in case such things happen, as 
they always will. How often do we see i ome farming tools 
left out all winter in the place where the men stopped 
using them. I saw last winter the handles of a plow stick- 
ing.out of .the snow where the man stopped plowing when 
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