i89i 
867 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
FARMERS’ CLUB DISCUSSION. 
( Continued .) 
have no more effect In keeping the borers 
out than a bank of such soil. But lest I 
be again misunderstood, let me advise 
peach growers to apply to their peach or¬ 
chards all the hard-wood ashes they can 
get. They are valuable both for the pot¬ 
ash and phosphoric acid, they contain, and 
when they cannot get plenty of ashes at a 
reasonable price, then let them apply muri¬ 
ate of potash, at the rate of from one to 
five pounds per tree according to the size. 
I have heard good reports from the use of 
kainit; but have had no practical experi¬ 
ence with it, for the reason that I am so far 
from wholesale centers, and the low grade 
of this fertilizer coupled with high freight 
rates, makes the cost of potash much less 
in high-grade muriate than in the kainit. 
The use of muriate has had a wonderful 
effect with me in causing the production 
of short-jointed, stocky wood, with thick, 
healthy leaves, even more so, I have 
thought, than the wood ashes. It also acts 
mechanically on the soils, softening in a 
marked manner the lumps, if any exist, 
and rendering the soil mellow and friable. 
But to any one thinking of following S. 
A. Little’s advice of piling wood ashes 
just about the boles of peach trees, espec¬ 
ially of young trees, l say again “ Don’t.” 
The Cost of Farm Labor. 
J. H. R., Smock, Pa.—I have just sold 
955 bushels of potatoes from 8% acres, for 
1430. The land was just moderately good. 
I used $64 worth of fertilizer and count the 
interest on my tools at $10. I do not take 
seed into consideration, but just count 
what I have to spare each year after re¬ 
serving seed. I think the land Is benefited 
enough by the fertilizer and tillage to pay 
taxes and interest by the increase in the 
wheat crop. Having deducted for fertil¬ 
izer and interest on tools, I have $365 left 
for 65 days of man and 60 days of horse 
labor. Now, how much shall I charge the 
crop for horse and hand labor—the latter 
costing $15 per month and board ? What 
is the average cost of horse labor on a 
farm, including the wear of the harness 
and of the horse t The feed might be 
counted at market price; but does it cost 
the farmer so much to raise it ? For in¬ 
stance, the hand would eat 45 to 60-cent 
potatoes at a boarding house, while mine 
cost me only about 18 cents per bushel. 
Do not farmers count too many profits in 
estimating their earnings—a boarding 
house profit by charging boarding house 
prices, and a teamster’s profit by charging 
teamsters’ prices ? 
R. N.-Y.—We would like to have our 
readers discuss this matter. It is worth 
thinking about. 
IVhat Others Say 
CHILDo’ri EVERBEARING TREE 
BLACKBERRY. 
The following Is what 
William J. Green, Vice 
Director of the Ohio Ag¬ 
ricultural Experiment 
Station, says In a bulle 
tin just issued: 
“Childs's 'Everbearing 
Tree Blackberry’ has 
been fully tested both 
undpr its present name 
and Its former name, 
Topsy. It Is of no vahie 
here because of Its ten¬ 
derness. It has been 
killed even in mild win¬ 
ters, and has never 
given a crop. The plants 
attain about half the 
height of ordinary varie¬ 
ties, and are indescrib¬ 
ably thorny. It Is the 
least promising of any 
variety ever tested 
here.” 
UoEB OF WEALTH. 
There have been repeated suggestions 
within the last few years of some form of 
legislation by which the holders of large 
wealth could be reached and made to dis¬ 
gorge a portion of their holdings for public 
use, says the Journal of Commerce. 
These are not simply the utterances of 
mad socialists who declare that all prop¬ 
erty is robbery and that no man is entitled 
to anything but food, raiment and shelter 
out of a common fund. They are heard at 
the gatherings of farmers and trade organi¬ 
zations, and are printed in newspapers of 
wide circulation. There does not seem to 
be any uniform standard of accumulations 
beyond which no one should be allowed to 
go, but there Is a widespread feeling that 
some check ought to be placed on the in¬ 
crease of wealth in individual hands. This 
has no foundation in reason or justice, but 
it certainly prevails to a very great extent 
among the common people. 
Is it desirable, all things considered, for 
any one to become very rich ? The care of 
managing and investing a large and ever- 
increasing Income and watching over the 
result is the most wearing of all the bur¬ 
dens that grow out of man’s material in¬ 
terests. 
The effect upon children of a great in¬ 
heritance, whether in prospect or in posses¬ 
sion, is seldom healthful. It is apt to take 
away the stimulus to either mental or 
physical exertion, and to weaken if it does 
not debase the character. When a man 
who Is earning a large income has accumu¬ 
lated enough to provide for himself if he 
should be disabled, and for those dependent 
upon him who could not well care for 
themselves if he should be taken away, it 
becomes a serious question how much far¬ 
ther he should go in the piling up of 
wealth. Is it not better for every boy who 
comes to man’s estate that he should be 
made to carve for himself the fortune he 
would fain possess ? Will he be the same 
man In case he comes into a fortune from 
his father, that he would be If left to take 
his place in the ranks and straggle for 
himself ? 
And suppose the ambition of the owner 
is to increase his estate to huge proportions, 
and then, after providing for his family, to 
establish or endow some worthy charity, 
are not the risks of a disputed will and of 
a badly executed scheme of philanthropy 
so great as to suggest a better way t Sup¬ 
pose a man at forty has inherited or ac¬ 
quired and invested all that is needed for 
himself and those dependent on him, and 
he goes on increasing his store for thirty 
added years, can he by any subsequent dis¬ 
position of his estate redeem the wasted 
opportunities of usefulness to which he 
could have devoted his spare Income in 
those three decades ? 
The fact that money expended or bestowed 
for beneficent purposes, to be reached and 
accomplished under the giver’s own direc¬ 
tion, does far more than a much larger sum 
left in trust for a similar object, is a suffic¬ 
ient reason why every one who has a scheme 
of this kind at heart should be, as far as 
possible, his own executor. 
Gifts and endowments are becoming, and 
deserve the highest commendation. But 
they are not, after all, the most useful 
channels through which the wealthy may 
pour their benefactions. They are attract¬ 
ive both because the good accomplished is 
open to every eye, and the public applause 
is a gracious response to the giver’s liber¬ 
ality. But the disposal of an equal amount 
in small sums through private channels, 
hidden from the eyes of the world, would 
probably do a far greater amount of good. 
The sorest needs are ofcenest hid from the 
public gaze, and the hand of relief would 
not bring down the plaudits of the press 
and the acclamations of admiring crowds, 
but the kindly charity in the tiniest item 
would go on the unfading record, and blaze 
out in letters of light at the great assize. 
Whether in large sums or small, through 
organized institutions of beneficence or by 
patient studies of private needs, the one 
thing to be urged is the present use of large 
means in measures to relieve the suffering, 
to raise the fallen, and to make this a better 
and a brighter world. 
RARE BITS. 
W. J. Green, the Vice-Director of the 
Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, says 
that, as a rule, pistillate varieties are more 
prolific than bisexuals, and being more 
hardy as well, those of the latter class are 
decidedly at a disadvantage, especially in 
frosty seasons, and in fact under adverse 
conditions of whatever character. 
Mr. Green s reports of strawberries do 
not differ much from our own. Here is 
an example from a R. N.-Y. report made 
during the seasons of 1886 and 1887: 
Enhance. Plants very hardy, vigorous; 
fruit large, color deep crimson. Among the 
largest plants. Stems often 18 inches high. 
Late. June 16; abundance of green fruit 
very Irregular in form. June 20: Very pro¬ 
ductive, exceedingly irregular, ill-shapen, 
inferior quality. June 22: Now producing 
an immense quantity of its every-shape 
berries some of which are of the largest 
size. It is one of the greatest producers, 
bears the largest berries of the most irreg¬ 
ular shape and of the poorest quality we 
know of. 
Here is Mr. Green’s report from a bul¬ 
letin just issued: 
“ Enhance (perfect). This was one of the 
perfect flowered varieties that gave a good 
crop In spite of the froit. As claimed by 
Mr. Young, the originator, hardiness is one 
of its strong points. It seems to bs nearly 
equal to the pistillate varieties In this re 
spect. 
“ The Enhance has been on trial at the 
Station a sufficient length of time to war. 
rant the assertion that it has decided 
merits as a pollenizer and market variety. 
The plants are very vigorous and almost 
perfectly healthy,, and but little inferior 
to the best pistillate sorts In productive 
ness. It is strictly a market sort, however, 
as it is too arid and ill-shaped to suit am¬ 
ateurs. Market growers generally ought 
to give it a trial.”. 
Mr. Green uses the words “staminate” 
and “ perfect” to denote perfect or bisex 
ual flowers, and “ pistillate ” and “ imper- 
fect”to designate the imperfect or unisexual 
varieties. Horticulturists ought to unite 
upon one word or letter for each kind, as 
for example, P. for pistillates and B. or H. 
for bisexual or hermaphrodites. The R. 
N.-Y. would again insist that the word 
“ staminate” should never be employed to 
stand for perfect or bisexual flowers. 
WORD FOR, WORD. 
- Lowell : ’* Democracy itself is no more 
sacred than monarchy. It is Man who is 
sacred ; it is his duties and opportunities, 
not his rights, that nowadays need rein¬ 
forcement.” 
- Christian Union: ‘‘The true patriot 
is not the man who flitters his country¬ 
men, but the man who tells them the truth ; 
as the true friend is he who holds us to the 
highest ideals, who demands our best and 
gives us no rest until he gets it. What the 
country needs is not the smooth flatteries 
of politicians who despise the popular favor 
which they buy with cheap words, and de¬ 
grade the positions which they win by sham 
protestations of fidelity to the people. It 
cannot be said too often that there Is noth¬ 
ing sacred about democracy; rightly used, 
it is the noblest of all methods of govern¬ 
ment, because it is based on faith in man ; 
wrongly used, it is the most dangerous of 
all methods of government, because it de. 
stroys that faith.” 
- “It is not enough that our public life 
shall be as high and efficient as that of 
older countries; it must be purer and 
higher. As a matter of fact, it is neither.” 
-“ We are suffering from a civic Impo¬ 
tence which makes us the tools of dema¬ 
gogues and the accomplices of knaves. 
Where are the public men brave enough to 
say In public the things we know they are 
saying in private about their parties ? 
Where are the political newspapers which 
shall dare to lead instead of following the 
party leadership t 
-New York Herald: “The wires of 
opportunity transmit few repeated mes¬ 
sages.” 
“ It’ 8 a wise dog that will chase only the 
neighbors’ cats.” 
“The Curdling of Milk During Thun¬ 
der storms, Tolemei (Abs. Milch Zty., 20 
(1891), p. 519.—The author subjected fresh 
milk to currents of electricity of different 
intensities, and under varying circum¬ 
stances, but in no Instance did the souring 
of the milk seem to be hastened. On the 
contrary, the souring seemed to be retarded, 
for while milk which was not treated with 
electricity was sour in three days, the milk 
treated remained sweet for from six to nine 
days. After showing in this manner that 
the electricity is not the direct cause of the 
souring, experiments were made on the 
effect of ozone on milk, in which ozone pre¬ 
pared by the Holtz electric machine was 
slowly conducted through the milk. Tne 
milk so treated was found to curdle after 
a few hours. He concluded that the curd¬ 
ling of milk Is threfore not attributable 
to the electricity, but rather to the action 
of the ozone, which is formed by the light¬ 
ning.” 
- Farm Journal: “One of my flock of 
hens lays six eggs per week, most weeks in 
the year. Another lays on the average two 
or three eggs weekly. Which eggs would I 
prefer to hatch, both fowls being Brown 
Leghorns ? How do I know this ? Partly 
by watching the two, partly by knowing 
their eggs from others, and partly by know¬ 
ing where each lays. I have proved It re 
paatedly. And I notice that the good layer 
is always foremost in foraging, and quick¬ 
est to seize a worm, grasshopper or anything 
that is fed.” 
“ We don’t want our country roads over¬ 
run with half-paid Federal officials deliver¬ 
ing two-cent letters at a cost of 10 cents a 
letter.” 
The following Is what 
J. L. Childs says of it in 
his catalogue of 1S9‘, 
page 122: 
“Its delicate flavor, 
great productiveness, 
enormous size and per¬ 
fect hardiness in t h e 
coldest parts of the coun¬ 
try make It the most 
valuable of all berries 
for family use.” 
Mr. Childs illustrates 
this blackberry as a 
small tree with one 
main stem and thorn¬ 
less. 
In writing to advertisers please always 
mention The Rural. 
850,000 
GRAPEVINES 
IOO Varieties Also Small Fruits. Trees;&o- n «* 
rooted stock. Genuine, cheap. SJ sample vines mailed for I*** 
•criptive price list free. LEWIS ROESCH, FltdOflll, N.Y. 
T. V. MUNSON, Denison, Texas. 
INTKODUCKII Brilliant Grape and Barker Earle 
Strawberry HKADUUAHTKK8. Catalogue free. 
MOORE’S RUBY. 
The Best Red Currant for family use. For prices 
Inquire of 
HAMMOND & WILLARD, Geneva, N. Y. 
Pennsylvania Agricultural 'fvorks, York, Pa. 
Farqnhar’s Standard Engines and Saw Hills , 1 
Address A. 1$. FAKOUHAIt & CO..York. Pa, 
SAM’L B. WOODS, LEWIS D. AYLETT. 
Mayor City of Charlottes- For merly Treasurer 
viile. Va. Commissioner Georgia Faclflc R R. 
of Virginia. Virginia; 
ALBEMARLE COUNTY. 
Tne great fruit, grain and stock raising section of 
theState. Winters mild and short. Scenery beautiful. 
Health line. Near the great markets. Educations 
advantages unsurpassed. 
Land Good ! Brices Cheap ! Taxes Low ! 
frarms and City prooerty for sale. Write to 
VVOOD8 Ac AYLETT. Charlottesville, Va. 
CLAREMONT Land Association, 
Offers GOO choice farms; 3,000 handsome town 
lots on James River, with terms to suit purchasers 
Free circular. 
New York Trade Schools 
First Ave., 67th and 68th Sts., New York. 
Day Classes commence January 4, 1M02. 
Three months’ courses of Instruction in Plumbing, 
Carpentry and Stone Cutting, $35 each; in Bricklaying 
and In House, Sign and Fresco Painting, $40 each, 
Attendance last season 589, the young men coming 
from 21 different States and from Canada. 
Circular, Illustrated with photo-engravings, mailed 
free on application. 
ARE YOU A WOMAN 
WHO HAS NOT SEEN A COPY OF 
ARTHUR’S NEW HOME MAGAZINE 
of Philadelphia ? "The best und cheapest ili.ustuatkd 
monthly ever published In the English lunguage.” 
1,:00 pages for $1 fO. 
SIX SHORT STORIES AND SPLENDID 
art teles by the best writers on all subjects of interest 
to women. Sample Copy Free. If you like it, you’ll 
take It, won’t you ? 
AGENTS WANTED ON SALARY 
or commislon. to handle the new Patent Chemical 
Ink Erasing Pencil. The quickest and greatest sel¬ 
ling novelty ever produced. Erases Ink thoroughly 
In two seconds. No abrasion of paper. Works like 
magic. 2(0 to 500 per cent profit. One Agent’s sale* 
amounted to $820 In six days. Another $32 In two 
hours. Previous experience not necessary. For terms 
and full particulars, address, The Monroe Eruser 
Mfg Co.. La Crosse Wis.. X. 175 . 
HIRE PICKET FENCE MACHINE. 
Lowdon s Perfection. Latest improved beat Meld 
machine in the world. Every farmer his own 
fence builder. Costs 30 to 85 cents a rod. Best 
Post Auger made. Wire and Pickets for sale. 
For large i llus trated catalogue address 
L. C. LOWDEN, Indianapolis, Ind., 7. S. A. 
8 
5 
articles under Indexed headings, 
covering the widest variety of 
subjects germane to agriculture, 
_prepared by the best practical 
a*nouitural writers in the world ; the 
best weekly commercial correspondence 
to be found in any farm publication : 
weekly markets which are a model for 
explicit correctness; all these appear 
every year in The National Stockman 
and Farmer Each year gives in ad¬ 
dition more than 
crisp paragraphs without ht ad 
ings, each complete in itself, 
and comprising a fund of con¬ 
densed Information obtainable 
iu uo other way. It is perhaps true 
that more practical farmers are writing 
practical matter for this journal than 
have ever written for anything of the 
kind anywhere or at anytime. We" offer 
dollars in prizes to club agents 
for introducing this 24-page 
weekly into the families of ln- 
_ telligent farmers. A postal 
o^ru will secure a sample copy. A sub¬ 
scription to January 1, 1893, costs only 
$1.50, In clubs of five $100 each. Every 
one under whose eje this falls should 
see 
The National Stockman and Farmer, 
Pittsburgh, Pa 
< 
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PISTOLS 75c WATCuis. u™YOJi»T*c CmainnaU.Ohlo. 
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16(1 Main Street, 
30 NEW 
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TUTTLE 0O.. NORTH HAVEN,CONN. 
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