Timber io be exploited Generally speaking, the timber of the Protectorate is not sufficiently 
valuable to export, but it is well worth exploiting, and there is much that can be used locally in 
place of imported timber. For instance, the Tero forest is computed to contain 5,209,667 cubic feet 
of timber, most of which is Podocarpus niilanjianus, commonly known as the yellow wood of South 
Africa. In t he Budongo and Bugoma forests the predominant species is iron wood, which could be 
Africa. In the Budongo and Bugoma forests the predominant species is ironwood (Olea hochstetteri), 
which could be used for railway sleepers and heavy construction work, while in the former there is 
much valuable mahogany. 
Area of T orest Land .— The total area of forest land in the Protectorate belonging to the Crown 
may be stated as about 1,500 square miles, and there are some 60 varieties of timber which can be 
used for general purposes ranging from hard to soft woods.” 
Since the date of the Uganda Development Commission’s report, the approval of the Treasury 
has been given to a loan, spread over four years, for the development of the resources of the Protec¬ 
torate and for measures intended to improve the health and well-being of the native inhabitants and 
to train them in agricultural and industrial occupations. 
A mycologist has been appointed and the veterinary and geological staff are being largely 
increased. The services of two experts have been obtained to advise the planters in matters of coffee 
and rubber cultivation, and it is hoped shortly to obtain the advice of another expert in regard to the 
forest policy of the Protectorate. 
lenders have been invited for the development of the water power of the Ripon Falls. 
ZANZIBAR. 
The Acting British Resident reported as follows:— 
*’ (1) The main industry in Zanzibar is agriculture and the principal products are cloves and 
coconuts. A very large portion of the productive area of the islands is already planted up with one or 
the other, and although there is no doubt that other products, such, for instance, as sugar, would, and 
indeed, before the Arabs found it more remunerative to grow cloves, actually did thrive well, the 
facts that apparently cloves cannot be grown in any other part of the w T orld as successfully as in this 
Protectorate, that the demand for them is certainly increasing, and that the available labour is hardly 
sufficient to meet existing needs, lead me to think that Zanzibar should concentrate its energies 
on maintaining and developing this industry and not attempt to branch out into new lines. 
(2) Fortunately the clove suffers from no disease and it is fairly certain that the sudden death of 
grown trees in certain areas is due to the organic conditions of the soil. The trees are attacked to 
some extent by a parasitic growth, somewhat resembling mistletoe, and known as ‘ Kirukia, ’ but this 
is easily removed and the legislation embodied in the Plantations Preservation Decree, 1916, under 
which its presence on any plantation is made an offence, has proved effectual. Now that the 
European staff of the Agricultural Department has been strengthened it is proposed to take the 
regeneration of the trees seriously in hand, and experiments will also be made in their improvement 
horticulturally. The question of distillation of the oil locally, which would effect a large saving in 
freight, is also under consideration. 
(3) The coconut industry has received a considerable amount of attention within recent years. 
Many thousands of new trees have been planted both by Government and private owners and the 
Government has assisted the latter by supplying seedlings at a cheap rate. 
(4) Zanzibar copra is of a very poor quality, and it is doubtful whether much improvement can 
be made until some cheap method of artificial drying is adopted. A new drying plant is now on 
order for the Government and upon the results of its working further action will depend. 
■ “ (5) The coconut suffers to some extent from the ravages of the rhinoceros beetle, which attacks 
the young shoots of the tree, but this scourge is not serious and is kept fairly well in hand by the 
Agricultural Department. 
“ (6) The distillation of coconut oil locally is carried on, but only on a very small scale, the 
difficulty being the utilisation of waste products. 
“ (7) The chief obstacle to progress in the production of both copra and cloves is the fact that the 
bulk of the profit goes to the middleman. This question is being dealt with. 
“ (8) The climatic conditions are unsuitable to the cultivation of flax, hemp and cotton, but it is 
possible that, with a systematic collection of coconut husks and introduction of machinery, the 
coir fibre industry might be developed. At present the methods in vogue for producing this fibre do 
not appear to leave a sufficient margin of profit to attract the outlay of capital. 
“ (9) The breeding of cattle is heavily handicapped by the prevalence of East Coast Fever, and 
it is estimated that about 25 per cent, of the calves succumb to this disease. Two cattle-dips have 
recently been constructed under Dr. Aders’ supervision and it is intended gradually to extend the 
dipping system so as eventually to embrace the principal cattle areas. 
Trypanosomiasis, although not of the most virulent type, is also widely prevalent and causes 
considerable loss to owners of live-stock. 
“ Dr. Aders has for some time past been engaged on work in connexion with preventive measures 
against this disease, and it may be hoped that, when the scheme for the establishment of a Govern¬ 
ment Stock Farm is complete, it will be possible both to improve the class of local cattle and to deal 
more effectuallv with the diseases which interfere with successful breeding. 
“ (10) So far as I am aware no geological survey of these islands has ever been made, and 
although there is no reason to suspect that they contain any minerals of value, it is obviously 
important that the question should be scientifically investigated. In view of the satisfactory state 
of Zanzibar finances, I do not feel justified in suggesting that the cost of such investigation should be 
met from the Imperial grant, and propose to apply for permission to insert a sum sufficient to cover 
the cost of such a survey in the Estimates for 1920. 
