132 PROCEEDINGS; BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
Family Apatelidae. 
This family is on the border line between the two sections of 
Bombyeides. Not only do the warts seem to have recently been 
formed from the Noctuid type, but in several instances they have 
reverted to the single haired state in the last stage. In some species 
of Apatela it clearly appears that the thoracic warts are derived from 
ia + ib, iia, iib, iii, iv + v and vi, iib and iii not forming true warts 
and disappearing, but rarely discernible as rudiments. If there are 
thus three warts above stigmatal wart, it is the lowest which is rudi¬ 
mentary and not the uppermost as in certain Lymantriidae. The 
characters vary widely in the genera. Secondary hairs may be 
present and even supplant the warts, whereby a very close approxi- 
mation to the Lasiocampidae is produced. A few examples will 
illustrate the range. 
Apatela hamamelis, Guen. 
Warts reduced to small tubercles with single hairs except vi which 
bears several setae. On thorax ia + ib bears two setae, iia one, 
iib and iii are absent, iv and v each one seta not closely approxi¬ 
mated. This condition is closely like that of the normal Noctuidae, 
but may be proved to be due to degeneration, not only by the 
absence of the thoracic warts iib and iii which are normally lost in 
wart formation and cannot be regained in the degenerate form, 
although the other warts return to their primitive condition, but by 
the presence of true warts in the early stages. 
Apatela funeralis, G. & R. 
Like A. liamamelis , but iib is present on thorax, though very weak. 
Wart vi on abdomen bears two setae and the seta from wart ii on 
joints 5-10,12 and 13 and two of those on cervical shield are elongate 
and spatulate. 
The European A. alni has the same structure. 
Apatela subochrea, Grote. 
Tubercles small, normal, each with a central seta and a crown of 
six to eight short radiating hairs surrounding it. On the thorax iib 
is absent, a single small seta represents iii, and iv and v are well con¬ 
solidated in a single wart. No secondary hairs. 
Apatela betulae, Riley. 
Like the preceding, but the warts a little larger, less like* single 
tubercles. In consequence the hairs more scattered, not forming a 
