197 
from the Cambrian slates to the north. The gray color of the for¬ 
mation seems also to be due to a considerable extent, to the presence 
of a large number of fine particles, black in color, and probably of 
the same origin as the fragments just mentioned. The sandstone 
and conglomerate are irregularly intermixed, the former predomi¬ 
nating in the lower portion and the latter in the upper portion of 
the bed. Both are in parts considerably decayed, the decomposi¬ 
tion being so far advanced in some cases as to render excavation by 
pick and shovel quite possible. Such weathering is greatly aided 
by the presence of a prominent cleavage approximately at right 
angles to the stratification and occurring not only in the sandstones, 
but to a considerable extent in the conglomerates themselves. 
Xumerous veins of quartz and some of calcite have been noted espe¬ 
cially in the highly weathered portions of the conglomerate. Those 
seen have all been under an inch in thickness, but the abundance 
of quartz boulders may possibly indicate veins of larger size in 
parts of the series which are not exposed. It is in these gray beds 
that the fossils mentioned were found. 
The great paucity of outcrops has rendered all detailed work out 
of the question, even the dip being obtained with difficulty. It is, 
however, to the southward and probably averages about thirty 
degrees. 
The fossils occur both in the sandstone and conglomerate, though 
it is only in the former that they are sufficiently well preserved for 
recognition. The only genus definitely determined is Calamites, 
though certain of the larger markings, while ill preserved, bear more 
or less resemblance to the trunks of the Sigillaria. Calamites, how¬ 
ever, are common and with a little search dozens of impressions may 
be found; yet owing to the nature of the rock, the characteristic 
markings are usually faint and in many cases entirely wanting. 
The impressions are almost always small, seldom exceeding half an 
inch in diameter, but a few of considerably larger size were noticed. 
Besides the impressions we have in a few instances the form of 
the stem preserved. In most of these cases the bark has been 
changed to a layer of highly ferruginous anthracite, surrounding a 
core of sand. An analysis of an anthracite of this nature resulted 
as follows: — 
Moisture, 
Combustible matter 
Ash (magnetic) 
100.75 
