MOORE’S RURAL NEWCOMER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
PRUNING AND TRAINING THE GRAPE VINE. 
The management of our native grapes is 
an exceedingly simple affair, yet compara¬ 
tively few think so, or understand the best 
mode of training and priming them. They 
will produce abundantly with very little 
care, but tho fruit is far inferior in quality 
to that grown on vines properly treated.— 
Every owner of a rod of ground should 
grow them. “ A grape vino ” says the 
Fruit Garden, “ neatly trained on a trellis, 
with its luxuriant amplo foliage, and rich 
pendulous clusters of fruit, is one of the 
most interesting objects of tho garden, and, 
at tho samo time ono of tho most profitable; 
for the shade and ornament alono that It 
produces, are a sufficient recompense for its 
culture.” 
Tho present is not tho time for planting, 
but it is a suitablo season for pruning tho 
grape vine. For old or neglected vines 
winter pruning is particularly required.— 
They can then be cut back without essential 
injury, and this should bo done if good and 
abundant fruit is desired. The grape vine 
bears its fruit on shoots of the current year, 
produced from eyes on tho previous year’s 
wood. Thence the necessity of keeping up 
a supply of young wood wherever the fruit 
will best mature on tho vine. 
Fig. 1. 
The accompanying engravings from Tiiom- 
s’s Fruit Culturist, are designed to illus¬ 
trate both winter and summer treatment.— 
PTig 1. exhibits a vino trained to a trellis 
nd treated on tho renewal system. “ It is 
o be distinctly understood that this space 
3 not to bo occupied at once by tho young 
ino, which would give weak and slender 
hoots, but tho extension must bo gradual, 
equiring some years to cover the intended 
urface. That is tho pruning should bo 
uch that there shall bo but two upright j 
shoots the first year after planting; then 
four tho second year, six the third, and so 
on. If an old vine has been neglected, it 
must bo pruned back in winter to a mere 
stump, leaving a few buds for now shoots, 
only two of which are to be allowed to grow 
for horizontal arms. 
After tho trellis is covered, as shown in 
the figure, a regular annual crop is secured 
by the following management. Tho shoots 
a a a a are of last year’s growth, and tho 
spurs on tho sides are of the present season, 
Fig. 2. 
ad bear the fruit. (A portion of theso up- 
R'ht shoots with their fruit-bearing spurs 
ishown in fig. 2.) While these aro bearing 
p present year, provision must bo made 
fr a crop tho next. For this purpose last 
Sir’s bearing shoots were cut off to a bud, 
(< : rather to two or throe buds, with tho 
b-t only allowed to grow.) at each of tho 
pints bibb, so that strong upright shoots 
ai now growing, as indicated by dotted 
lies, for a crop next season. Bunches of 
fait will form on theso tho present year, 
I t thoy must bo rubbed off early that tho 
igor of these shoots may not bo retarded. 
]i this way, a constant succession is keptup. 
The two right hand fruit-spurs in fig. 2. 
how tho ordinary length thoy aro allowed 
to grow beforo the ends are pinched off, the 
upper ono being already shortened, and tho 
lower showing tho point at c where it should 
bo nipped. 
It must never bo forgotten that tho full 
growth and perfect ripening of tho FRUIT, 
depends wholly on healthy, well developed 
leaves, to furnish food to tho forming ber¬ 
ries. Ilenco they must have plenty of room, 
light and air for their healthy dovelopo- 
ment. 
And henco too, tho error of the practice 
of picking off the leaves to let the light on 
the fruit. The longer tho shoots or spurs 
extend themselves tho better, beforo they 
are pinched off, providod thoy do not inter¬ 
fere with each other.” 
TEXAS WINES. 
We learn from tho Houston Telegraph, 
hat a large quantity of wine has been 
nade in Texas, this season, from native 
grapes. Most of tho wine has been made 
■Vom the Mustang grape, which yields a 
wine of a beautiful claret color, and seems 
to combine soino of tho qualities of claret 
and port. Tho Telegraph, speaking of the 
culture of tho grape, says : 
‘•'There is scarcely a doubt that tho cul¬ 
ture of tho grape might be as profitable 
here as in any part of Europo, or in the vi¬ 
cinity of Cincinnati. It is estimated that 
upwards of 1200 acres of land aro now un¬ 
der cultivation in vines in tho vicinity of 
Cincinnati, on tho Ohio. The products of 
theso vineyards is said to amount to up¬ 
wards of 300,000 gallons of wine, valued at 
many thousands of dollars, and affording 
sustenance to upwards of 2000 persons.— 
Tho climate of Texas being similar to that 
of Italy and Spain, must be more favorable 
to tho culture of tho grape than that of 
Ohio, and we are confident that vineyards 
aro more profitable here than in any part 
of the valley of the Ohio. We believe the 
only attempts that have been made in Tex¬ 
as to cultivate tho grape, have been made 
in tho level region on the coast. 
Theso attempts have all failed, for tho 
same reason, probably, that similar attempts 
have failed in Europe. Tho vineyards there 
are never found on tho plains, but on the 
hillsides or mountains, and rich earth is of¬ 
ten carted many miles, to form terraces on 
tho mountain sides for vineyards. Tho 
vinos thus cultivated, havo thorough drain¬ 
age for their roots, and they grow on, year 
after year, even for centuries, without bo- 
ing subject to blight or mildew. The mus¬ 
tang grapes on the hill sides in thh undula¬ 
ting regions of Texas, grow on year after 
year in tho same manner ; year after year 
produce successive crops of grapes that are 
as luxuriant and free from defect as those of 
the best vineyards of Spain or Europo. Wo 
recently visited tho valleys of New Year’s 
Creek, Washington county, and were aston¬ 
ished to notico tho immense quantities and 
tho extraordinary luxuriance of the grape 
vine. They were extended in many places 
in festoons, several rods in length, and ( 
some of them seemed loaded with tons of 
fruit. We believe we saw several vines, 
each ono of which would yielded a barrel of 
wine. If theso nativo grapes grow thus 
luxuriantly on these natural terraces, sure¬ 
ly tho choico varieties of tho grape might 
bo cultivated to advantage. The valley of 
tho New Year’s Creek probably contains a 
hundred thousand acres that are as well 
adapted to tho culture of tho vino as the 
lands in tho valley of tho Rhine; and if an 
enterprising and wealthy capitalist, like Air. 
Long worth, of Cincinnati, would encourage 
a few poor emigrants from the vino regions 
of Europo to commenco tho culture of tho 
grape in this beautiful valley, in a few years 
Texas might furnish tho Atlantic cities with 
wine of a quality equal to the best that has 
ever been imported from Europe.” 
Adversity is apt to discover truo genius, 
prosperity to conceal it. 
fletkiti 
L 
LI3T OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM .IK UNITED STATES TATEXT OFFICE 
For the w lc ending December 14, 1852. 
War. F. Blake, of New York, NT. Y., for im¬ 
provement in lining for iron safes, <fcc. 
James C. Forrest it Geo. Baker, of Schenectady, 
N. Y., for improvement in trip-hammers. 
Jos. H. Gest, of Batavia, O., for improvement 
in field rollers, for cutting stalks and weeds. 
Robt. Hinton, of Roxbury, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in the manufacture of ball castors. 
Joseph W. Houston, of Conway, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in stone picks. 
Clark Polley, of May’s Landing, N. J., for im¬ 
provement in buckets for endless chain pumps. 
Zimri Hussey, of Chilicothe, O., for improve¬ 
ment in apparatus for treatment of fractures. 
Henry Nycum, of Uniontown, Pa., for improve¬ 
ment in seed planters. 
Chas. Abram it Chas. Clow, of Port Byron, N. 
Y., for improvement in scythe snaths. 
Joel Dawson, of Barnesville, O., for improve¬ 
ments in straw-cutters. 
Wm. Field, of Providence, R. I., for improve¬ 
ments in machinery for forging metals, itc. Ante 
dated June 14, 1852. 
Zimri Hussey, of Chilicothe, O., for improve¬ 
ment in apparatus for the cure of club-feet. 
Harvey Sprague, of Riga, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment in plow regulators. 
Philip P. Trayscr, of Baltimore, Md., for im¬ 
provement in spike machines. 
Moses D. Wells, of Morgantown, Va., for im¬ 
provement in seed planters. 
Wrn. H. Seymour, of Brockport, N. Y., assignor 
to W. H. Seymour it Daton S. Morgan, of same 
place, for improvement in grain and grass harves¬ 
ters. Ante-dated Oct. 25, 1852. 
Cullen Whipple, of Providence, R. I., assignor 
to the New England screw company, of same 
place, for mechanism for pointing and threading 
screw blanks iii the same machine. Ante-dated 
Oct. 1G, 1852. 
Lydoviann Ricketson, (Administratrix of Hen¬ 
ry H. Ricketson, deceased,) of New Bedford, Mass., 
for improvement in machines for cutting whale 
blubber. 
DESIGNS. 
Jas. Wager, Yolney Richmond it Harvey Smith, 
of Troy, N. Y., for design for a box stove. 
Nichs. T. Horton, of Cincinnati, O., for design 
for iron railing. 
Gilbert Knapp it Adnah H. Neal, of Honesdale, 
Pa., for design for a coal stove. 
For the week ending December 21, 1852. 
Jearum Atkins, of Chelsea, Ill., for improve¬ 
ment in rakes to grain harvesters. 
Wm. S. Carr, of New York, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment in water closets. 
A. S. Dozier, of Norfolk, Va., for improvement 
in ventilators. 
Warren Gale, of Louisville, Ky., for improve- 
thent in straw-cutters. 
W. A. Gates, of Mount Comfort, Teun., for im¬ 
provement in plows. 
Lansing D. Hopkins, of New York, N. Y., for 
improvements in machinery for manufacturing 
hat bodies. 
Jno. Jones it Alex. Lyle, of Rochester, N. Y., 
for improvement in grain threshers and cleaners. 
Win. H. Morrison, of Indianapolis, Ind., for 
improved equalizing apparatus for engines which 
use steam expensively. 
Jacob L. Ream, of Mount Pulaski, Ill., for im¬ 
provement in maize harvesters. 
S. W. Rogers, of Baltimore, Md., for cut-off 
valve-motion. 
Jesse N. Seeley, of Forsyth, Ga., for improve¬ 
ment in potato diggers. 
Thomas Snook & Stephen Hill, of Rochester, 
N. Y., for improvement in lamps for locomotive 
engines. 
Jno. Swindells, of Manchester, England, for 
improvement in the manufacture of chromate of 
soda. Patented iu England, Nov. 14, 1350. 
Wm. E. Underwood, of Middlefield, Mass., for 
improvement in fulling mills. 
Daniel Walrotb, of Chittenango, N. Y., and Lu¬ 
cius Evans, of Manlius, N. Y., for machinery for 
separating iron from furnace cinders. 
Caleb C. Walworth, of Boston, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in steam flat-irons. 
Aretus A. Wilder, of Detroit, Mich., for im¬ 
provement iu plauing machines. Ante-dated July 
17, 1852. 
Wm. H. Woodworth, of Salmon Falls, N. II., 
for improvement in method of measuring cloth on 
the cloth-beam. 
Linus Yale, Jr., of Newport, N. Y., for improv¬ 
ed safety-lock. 
DESIGNS. 
. Sherman S. Jewett ifc Francis H. Root, of Buf¬ 
falo, N. Y., for design for stove-plates. 
Sherman S. Jewett it Francis H. Root, of Buf¬ 
falo, N. Y., for design for a cooking-stove. 
James Wager, Yolney Richmond it Harvey 
Smith, of Troy, N. Y., for design for a hearth- 
plate. 
Washn. L. Pearsall it Sylvester W. Pearsall, of 
New York, N. Y., for design for a spittoon. 
Mr. William P. Chadwick, of Edgartown, 
Mass., has recently made an important im¬ 
provement in oil presses, to be used on board 
of whale ships, for the purpose of extracting 
tho oil from scraps or pieces of whale blub¬ 
ber, and has received a patent for tho same. 
It is calculated that a saving of four per 
cent, in tho oil taken will bo mado by this 
machine. 
Is it not bettor that your friend toll you 
your faults privately, than that your ene¬ 
mies talk of thorn publicly ? 
THE NEW YORK CRYSTAL PALACE. 
Stimulated by tho unexampled success 
which crowned the great Exhibition in Lon¬ 
don, in 1851, and attracted by tho novel and 
unique edifice in which it was hold, some 
enterpising citizens of our own State pro¬ 
jected tho praiseworthy enterprise of erect¬ 
ing in tho city of New York, a similar 
building, in which to hold an exhibition of 
tho same character. 
Early in January, 1852, thoy obtained 
from tho municipal authorities of tho city, a 
lease of Reservoir Square, for that purpose. 
On the 11th of March, following, tho Legis¬ 
lature granted a charter providing for tho 
incorporation of an association with a cap¬ 
ital of two hundred thousand dollars, with 
the privilege of increasing tho samo to three 
hundred thousand dollars. They were au¬ 
thorized to occupy any real estate that might 
bo granted them, and theroon to erect a 
building for tho purpose of tho Exhibition 
of the Industry of all Nations. They were 
further empowered to award Prizes, and to 
do every thing necessary to carry out the 
general object. On the 17th of March, Mr. 
Theodore Sedgwick was elected President, 
and Mr. Wm. Wiietten, Secretary. 
Desiring to have contributions from all 
nations, tho officors took steps to secure the 
countenance and co-operation of tho Gene¬ 
ral Government, which resulted in an ar¬ 
rangement by which tho building, when 
erected, would bo made a bonded warehouse 
so as to receive goods free of duty while on 
exhibition. A foreign department lias been 
organized by the appointment of Mr. Chas. 
Buschek, of London, who is authorized to 
secure thcco-oporationof the manufacturers 
of Europo. 
Plans for building were furnished by Sir 
Joseph Paxton, the late, lamented A. J. 
Downing, and others, from which tho board 
ultimately adopted the one furnished by 
Messrs. Carstensen and Gildemeister, both 
of whom, though foreign artists of much 
celebrity, had taken up a residence under 
tho aegis of Republican Institutions. 
We tako the following description of tho 
Now York Crystal Palace from the Scientific 
American: 
The outsido form of tho building is that 
of a Greek cross. Each diameter of tho 
cross will be 365 feet 5 inches long. There 
will be three similar entrances—ono on the 
Sixth avenue, one on Fortieth, and one on 
Forty-second street. Each entranco will 
bo 47 feet wide, and that on the Sixth ave¬ 
nue will be approached by a flight of eight 
steps. Each arm of tho cross is, on tho 
ground plan, 149 feet broad; this is divided 
into a central nave and two aisles, one on 
each side—tho nave 42 feet wide—each 
aisle 54 feet wide. On each front is a large 
semi-circular fan-light 41 feet wide and 20 
feet high. Tho nave or central portion is 
57 feet high, and is of an arch 41 feet in di¬ 
ameter. There are to bo two arched naves 
crossing one another at right angles. The 
exterior width of tho ridge way of tho nave 
is 71 feot. The central dome is 100 feet in 
diameter—68 feet inside from the floor to 
the spring of the arch, and 118 feet to the 
crown : and on the outside, with the lantern, 
149 feet. At each angle is an octagonal 
tower, eight feet in diameter and 75 feot 
high. Each aisle is covered by a gallery of 
its own width, 24 feet from tho floor. 
The number of the columns on the ground 
floor will be 190, all hollow, and of 8 inches 
diameter, and of different thicknesses from 
4 to 1 inch. On tho gallery floor there will 
bo 122 columns, and tho whole structure 
will be constructed of iron and glass. 
Tho palace is to bo erected on Reservoir 
Square, in this city, a: place granted to the 
association at a nominal rent for tho term 
of five years. It is situated about two miles 
from the City Hall, and persons will bo en¬ 
abled to reach it from the lower part of tho 
city in half an hour 
Tho building will bo octagonal, the 
double cross boing tho galleries. With the 
three public entrances there will also be a 
private entranco. Tho ground floor is di¬ 
vided into four compartments separated 
from one another by the naves and transepts 
running at right angles with two tiers of 
galleries. The whole of the building is to 
be lighted by tho large domo in tho centre. 
The building will bo seen for a consider¬ 
able distaneo, and it will command an ex¬ 
tensive view of the city. It will bo a larger 
building than any ever erected in our coun¬ 
try, and will contain, on its ground floor, 
111,000 square feet of spaco, andjin its gal¬ 
leries, which are 54 feet wide, 62,000 square 
feet more, making a total area of 173,000 
square feet for tho exhibition. The interi¬ 
or view of this building will bo larger and 
more expensive than any structure in our 
land, and those who havo been astounded 
with the first view of a great assembly under 
a huge tout, will, wlion thoy first behold 
tho inside of this structure next year, teem¬ 
ing with a living moving mass of congrega¬ 
ted thousands "hold their breath for a time.” 
Of tho objects and advantages of this 
project, tho circular of tho Association re¬ 
marks as follows: 
Such is tho building which will soon salute 
the eyes of the city of New York. In as¬ 
sorting that it will bo tho largest and most 
beautiful construction in tho country, noth¬ 
ing has been said more than it deserves.— 
but this is its least merit. The objects to 
which tho building is destined form its real 
recommendation. 
There is offered here to the European 
and domestic producer an unequalled op¬ 
portunity of displaying tho works of his 
skill, without any charge from tho time that 
they enter the building till withdrawn.— 
The Association have already made public 
the fact that their object is Exhibition alone, 
and that thoy havo no interest whatever, di¬ 
rect or indirect, in tho final disposition to 
be mado of tho articles displayed. They 
thin avoid coming in conflict with any branch 
of regular industry. There will bo gather¬ 
ed here tho choicest products of tho Old 
World, and the most cunning dovices-of tho 
ingenuity of tho New. Tho interests of 
Manufacture, Commereo and tho Arts, will 
find encouragement and protection within 
these walls, and another guarantee will bo 
given to tho permanence of peace. Hero 
will bo collected multitudes of all nations ; 
but tho great and crowning feature of tho 
enterprise is, that it will offer to tho work¬ 
ing classes, such as they can find no where 
elso ; that it will bo a Palaco for tho People. 
I ho Exhibition is already announced to 
open on the 2d of May, 1853. 
CHEAP BUILDING MATERIAL. 
In ’these days when lumber is getting 
scarce, and bricks, iron or stone high in 
price, tho laboring men of our cities havo 
to pay exorbitant rents, or emigrate to tho 
distant west, where nature opens her boun¬ 
teous store for the poor man’s benefit. Tho 
great want with this class here then is cheap 
building material of a permanent character. 
Tho inventive mind that succeeds in sup¬ 
plying this want will bo entitled to tho last¬ 
ing gratitude of mankind. This consum¬ 
mation, most devoutly wished, seems likely 
to be realized, according to tho following 
from a New York paper : 
Mr. Fowler, of tho firm of Fowler & 
Wells, has built a house near Fishkill, on 
tho Hudson River, tho walls of which aro 
made of prepared gravel. Tho cheapness 
of tho material, tho unique character and 
comforts of the bulding, have engaged much 
attention. Walls 256 feet in circumference, 
and 11 feet 4 inches high, cost seventy-nino 
dollars to put up, and this amounts to as 
many feet as aro embraced in a house 45 
feet wide, and 21 feet high—two stories and 
a half. Tho materials of which tho walls 
are compounded, are eight bushels of slack¬ 
ed lime, sixteen bushels of sand, and about 
sixty busheis of fine and coarso gravel.— 
This is thoroughly mixed up together in a 
a bed of proper consistency, and laid up in 
walls with standard guide boards, braces, 
&c., to lay the wall solid and straight. This 
wall has stood summer heats and winter 
frosts well. It is plastered insido and out, 
and is both comfortable and solid. Tho in¬ 
sido walls are made of studs, lathed and 
plastered, but wo only refer to tho outsido 
wall as being mado of a cheap material, 
which is asserted to stand the weather per¬ 
fectly, and is getting harder and better eve¬ 
ry day. 
fY 
PRESERVED FRUITS. 
At a recent meeting (says the Times) 
of the American Institute Farmers’ Club : 
Mr. Smith, of Macedon, presented samples 
of different fruits preserved in their own 
juice, and retaining their natural taste or 
aroma in great perfection. Prof. xIntisell, in 
remarking upon them, said it was a princi¬ 
ple that two fluids, with a porous substanco 
between them, would unite. In preserving 
fruits in alcohol, tho weightier fluid, or juico 
contained in tho fruit, was replaced by the 
lighter fluid, alcohol; and we oat alcohol 
instead of fruit; whilo in preserving them 
in saccharine juice the flavor wont entirely 
into tho syrup, leaving the fruit compara¬ 
tively tasteless. The plan pursued by Mr. 
Smith of preserving the fruit in its own 
juice, obviated theso difficulties, by making 
the syrup of equal density within tho fruit, 
thereby preserving both aroma and flavor. 
To make Ruta Baga Pudding. —One and 
a half pint of pulped Ruta Baga, two spoon¬ 
fuls of wheat flour, four eggs, half pint of 
milk, and ono table spoonful of butter.— 
The pan greased and floured, and baked with 
a quick fire. 
Another way .—One pint and a half of pulp¬ 
ed Ruta Baga, and a half a pint of wheat 
flour, four eggs, and a half a pint of suet, 
and a pint of milk. The pan as before. 
Another .—Ono pint and a half of pulped 
Ruta Baga, five spoonfuls of flour, a tea cup 
full and a half of beef marrow, three oggs, 
two spoonfuls of mace, and ono pint and a 
half of milk. The pan greased as abovo. 
To Detect Dampness in Beds. — First 
have the bed well warmed with a warming- 
pan ; thon, the moment the pan is taken out, 
introduce between tho sheets an inverted 
glass tumbler. After it has remained there 
a few minutes, withdraw it. If tho glass is 
found dry, you may go to bed without any 
apprehension of chill or rheumatism. If tho 
glass is covered with drops of wet or damp 
steam, the safest plan is to take off the sheets 
and sleep between tho blankets, as a second 
pair would probably be no better than tho 
first. 
To Restore Linen that has long been 
Stained. —Rub the stains on each side with 
wet brown soap ; mix some starch to a thick 
paste, with cold water, and spread it over 
the soaped places; then expose the linen.to 
the air, and if the stains havo not disappear¬ 
ed in three or four days, rub off tho mixture, 
and repeat the process with fresh soap and 
starch. Afterwards dry it, wet it, with cold 
water, and put it in tho wash. 
