VOLUME IV. NO. 4. y 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, [Literary and family Newspaper 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. - SATURDAY, JANUARY 
1 WHOLE NO. 160. 
THE DIGNITY OF LABOB. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
■WITH AX ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautiful iu appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub¬ 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter — 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- 
ings than any other paper published iu this Country. 
TIT For Terms, &c., see last page. .JFZ 
i Progress and Improvement. 
|) MEADOWS AND PERMANENT PASTURES. 
( Prominent among tho productive inter- 
) csts of our State, arc those of Grazing and 
X tho Dairy. Tho hills and valleys, tho pure 
jc streams and fresh air, of our moro moun¬ 
ts tainous counties, aro peculiarly adapted to 
a tho feeding of cattle, sheop and horses, and 
|) to tho profitable results of woll-ordered 
is dairying. This branch of farming has there 
i? obtained a preference, and, though statistics 
< show a decrease, in somo instances, of tho 
) number of domestic animals, they also show 
S an increase in somo of their products,—in- 
? dicating improvement in breeding and bot- 
> ter care in feeding and management. 
> Rich and permanent pastures for feeding, 
< and productive meadows and well cultivated 
) fields tor hay and fodder, aro hero of prima- 
|( ry importance. Properly speaking, mead- 
r °' vs &ro fields of cultivated grass, and a sys- 
S tern should bo adoptod and practiced to 
( make them really such. Wo sow Clover 
) seod, which runs out in two years; or Timo- 
S thy, which alone, though yielding a nutriti- j 
; ous hay, gives but little aftermath, and hence 
S cannot create good pasture grounds. Theso 
) characteristics of tho grasses in common uso, 
) show that neither of them aro fit for per- 
< manent pastures; and that wo must seek 
/ for plants not only possessing tho most nu- 
( tritivo olomonls, but also host adapted to 
) our soil and climato. 
) Tho nutritive elements of grass aro owing 
' chiefly to the sugar which they contain; as 
) these aro in different degrees, it forms an- 
, other characteristic to guido us in tho choice 
j of pasture and meadow grasses. Again, 
> some grasses ripen their seod as early as 
J Juno, others in July, and othors in August, 
i It is well known, also, that certain classes 
p of wild grasses aro tho natural occupants 
J of our fields — and upon examination their 
, variety is found so numorous, that every 
j m °nth, nay, every fortnight, brings somo 
particular class to maturity; honce the rich 
supply of horbago for a long portion of tho 
season. It is known further, that somo 
grasses do not mature until tho second 
year, while others give an early profusion 
of leaves, with a straw of little value. 
But soils, also, must bo consulted in tho i 
choico ot grasses for meadow or permanent ] 
pasture. Tho plants which occupy the low < 
lands and moist grounds, will not thrive on < 
the mountain s rocky slopes and summit.— i 
For a medium soil and situation, it is found, < 
after careful considerasion and experiment, t 
that a mixture of 5 lbs. oach of Timothy t 
and hod-top; 4 lbs. each of Rod clover and i 
Orchard grass, with 2 lbs. of White clovor, 1 
making 20 lbs. for an aero, is an excellent \ 
proportion for seeding pasturo grounds._ a 
It a tow pounds of tho swoot vernal grass t 
aro added, it will give its rich fragranco to j 
tho horbago. On meadows for hay, an ad¬ 
dition of red-top or orchard grass, will give g 
a thicker bottom, and add largely to tho val- fi 
uo of the product. p 
I he views above presented wore suggest- d 
ed by ono of our most intelligent and prom- V 
inont farmers. Thoy aro worthy of careful ii 
consideration, and will furnish a fruitful d 
theme for discussion by Farmers’ Clubs or d 
at the fireside of tho Grazier and Dairyman, w 
whiAi, as now ) plans for the busier soasons s< 
are “in order.” 
cr. TnERE is now and then an individual, who, 
by his actions soems to say that his fellow 
who gains his livelihood by the sweat of his 
taco, is lowered in tho scale of society, and 
nd 3S not > therefore, prepared to sustain the 
ity true dignity of manhood. Such forgot tho 
[ll judgment of God to Adam and his posterity, 
sts Th «y forget that God gave to man a physi- 
ni- cal frame, endowed with mental and moral 
IV . P°' vers hi such manner that they are host 
developed by labor. Thoy forgot, in tact, 
that this life is but a state of preparation 
—. tor tho tuturo, and that ovory thing proves 
tho Universe to havo been planned as if with 
direct reference to tho training of man for 
a higher state of existence and enjoyment. 
But a casual glance is necossary to satisfy 
— tho thoughtful that exerciso is absolutely 
, necessary tor the right development of our 
physical organization. Notico tho growth 
1 ot tho infant. How objectless, apparently, 
aro all its tiny efforts. Yet it “ must act 
0 out naturo,” and its muscles harden and ac- 
1_ fluh-e strength and growth, till tho will is 
® enabled to hold command over their ac- 
c tions. Tho development ceases not, from 
c boyhood upward to manhood,—and wo fre- 
0 quontly notico that somo particular organ 
8 is moro fully developed than its fellows, bc- 
0 cause it has moro exercise. Thus the hand 
or foot is mado to exerciso greater agility 
[' motion and perform acts out of the or- 
dinary lino. So the oar may bo trained to 
moro acutoness of hearing, and tho eyo to 
f; a quicker and readier perception of minuto 
d objects. Again we soo that if any organ bo 
- doprived of duo exorcise it dwindles and be¬ 
comes weak and effeminate. So, too, it 
must follow, that, if exorcising any organ 
o dovelops it moro fully, and exercising it at 
r tho oxpenso of othors, devolops it at their 
oxponso also, then will the truo exerciso of 
all the parts of tho system, develop that sys- 
3 tom as it should bo. 
3 As tho mind is an inhabitant of tho phys- 
> ical frame, and is intimately connected with 
it in tho mystoriousness of its life, it cannot 
: bo otherwise than that it should be greatly 
influenced by tho condition of that physical 
frame; that is, if tho body has received a 
proper development, tho results of it will : 
flow in upon tho mind. Hence tho develop¬ 
ment of our mental organization doponds 
much upon exerciso or toil. 
If wo look upon tho inhabited earth, we 
shall soo that God has impressed the idea 
of Labor upon all his works in ineffaceable 
characters. IIo has not planted our sus- 
tonanco to grow spontaneously. Nor has 
IIo given us habitations ready constructed 
tor our shelter from pelting storms, nor 
built us ships and carriages for purposes of 
locomotion from place to place. No. But 
Ho has givon us grains and fruits that in- $ 
croaso in quantity and quality by cultiva- " 
tion, but which without, dogenerato and c 
become worthless. IIo has fixed in the soil T1 
elements of life that are yielded first to tho K 
plant for its sustenance, and thoneo to the v 
animal for its support. But lie has fixed a a 
limit to those principles, as a stimulus to so 0 
cultivate our lands, that wo shall judiciously tj 
draw thorefrom the greatest amount of food , t 
without exhausting tho soil. He has covor- a 
od tho fields with blooming flowers that 
their gentle influence may ehoer and lighton „ 
tho hours of toil. He has spread around ai 
us materials that need only tho moulding ( j 
hand of art to supply our every want, „ 
whether fancied or real; and, that wo may a j 
avail ourselves of them and minglo tho beau- 0 j 
ty of Art with that of Nature. Ho has im- o1 
planted within our mind desires for their uso. s 
If God ordained labor for man’s best J 
good, and constructed the physical world ct 
for tho furtherance of such design, then is s j, 
it possessed of an inhorent and surpassing ^ 
dignity. Consequently we find that Holy t0 
Writ throws its sacrod shield about it. God bc 
in tho decalogue directly commands, “ Six i n 
days shalt thou labor;” tho sovonth IIo or- ai] 
dainod for rest and holy worship. As a re- or 
ward, peace, happiness, a contontod mind, ai] 
sound sleep and truo enjoymont aro the as 
fruits. The ancient Proverbialist, observing j 
this, declares, that, “ Tho sleep of a laboring 
man is swoot, whether he eat little or much.” 
Labor, too. gives employment to tho mind; 
, hence, the adago that “ an idle mind is the 
Devil’s work-shop.” Tho mind must busy 
, itself upon something. If we havo no oc¬ 
cupation, no labor to absorb its attention 
and turn its workings into useful channels 
of thought, then will tho basor passions 
rouso up, hold their revols in its innermost 
templo and push it on to tho commisssion 
of vico and crime. Search tho criminal 
calendars, penetrato the darksome danks of 
the dungeon, and, tracing effects to causes 
mark how great a proportion of all tho 
mis«ry you meet, has its incipiency in idle¬ 
ness. Labor gives vigor to the mind by keep¬ 
ing tho physical organization in a healthy 
state and thereby imparting a healthy stim¬ 
ulus to tho brain. 
It gives to tho individual a more lofty, 
manlike bearing. Whilst ho is improving 
tho talonts entrusted to his caro, ho is sur¬ 
rounding himself with conveniences and 
luxuries, that ho can the moro sweetly en¬ 
joy becauso earned by his own toil. In his 
allwise bencficonco, God fitted the earth 
and tho things therein, that every diversity 
of taste should find employment. Tho deep 
is not filled, especially as a great regulator 
in tho economy of the earth, but also, as a 
means that man’s skill and power may bo 
exercised in traversing its trackless waves 
in search of tho comforts and luxuries of 
foreign climes and the treasures below its 
surface, whilst for allurements and conven¬ 
iences the isles wero planted in its midst.— 
The various minerals are not so deeply buri¬ 
ed but thoy are readily excavated, nor aro 
their substances so unmanageable but they 
are readily fashioned to such implements or 
wrought to such uses as tho varied wants of 
mankind may demand. We soo, therefore, 
that God, in creating man with wants, plac¬ 
ed him in tho world and surrounded him 
with abundant means to gratify thorn, and 
in so doing to improve tho condition, physi¬ 
cally, mentally and morally. We conclude 
therefore that thero is an all powerful ne¬ 
cessity for labor —that it is endowed with 
truo nobility, and moro, that the wisdom 
and beneficence of the Omnipotent are dis¬ 
played in its ordering and distribution. 
MR. REMINGTON’S PREMIUM DEVON HEIFER. 
Above wo present our readers with a her class at tho lato Stato Fair at Utica.— 
portrait of “Red Lady,” a two year old Wo havo before remarked upon the mei'its 
Devon heifer, owned by M. C. Remington, and characteristics of tho Devons, which 
Esq., of Sennett, Cayuga Co. This fino rank high among tho improved breeds of 
animal was awarded the first premium in cattle. 
OHIO STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. ) THE TRANSACTIONS FOR 185l7 
T. E. W. 
CHEAP AND CONVENIENT SLED. 
Toe abovo figuro represents a very cheap 
and convenient sled for drawing logs, wood, 
&c., from tho woods, and various other pur¬ 
poses, and it possesses advantages over the 
common sled which aro sufficient to induce 
mo to prosont it to the readers of tho Ru¬ 
ral. It is somewhat novol, at least in this 
vicinity, and I am ot tho opinion that its 
adoption will greatly facilitate tho laborious 
operation of loading logs, &c. Its construc¬ 
tion is very simple; a single glance at the 
abovo will enable any farmer who has tho 
necessary tools, to mako one. 
The runners are common stone-boat 
plank, about eight inches wide. The beams 
aro fastoned to tho runners with spikes 
driven from tho undor sido through tho 
plank into the beams. A tonguo is to bo 
I attached to the cross-pioco in front by moans 
of straps, which is omittod above for want 
of room. Two strips of old wagon tiro 
spikod on to each runner will answer for 
shoes. Its advantages will bo readily per- 
coived : tho runnors being wide, it does not 
sink into the untrodden snow, consequently 
tho draft is much less ; thoro aro no raves 
to bother while loading ; tho hand-spike can 
bo placed under the log and raised without 
interfering with anything. Its cheapness 
and durability is another important consid¬ 
eration ; for it will not cost half as pouch, 
and I think that it is as strong and durable 
as the common sled. u. A . b. 
Pekin, Niagara Co., N. Y., Jan., 1853. 
Somf. errors seem to have found a place 
in our notico of the Annual Meeting of this 
Society. Wo were led into the error in ro- 
gaid to tho number composing tho State 
Board, from tho fact that at the April meet¬ 
ing, 184G, tho board cast lots to determine 
tho timo the different members should servo, 
when it appeared that twenty-seven of them 
wero to servo the balance of that year, and 
an equal numbor to servo one year longer, 
making nearly two years. 
At tho meeting of Dec. 9,1846, tho Board 
elected twenty-six members to serve for the 
term of two years, but we did not then ob¬ 
serve that a resolution was adopted to re¬ 
duce tho number composing the Board to 
ono from each Congressional district. As 
this is tho only report of the doings of 
the Board we have ever seen, it was hardly 
hardly possible to speak “ true to the book.” 
From the lottor of our correspondent, 
(published last week,) it appoars there is no 
such organization as a State Socioty, which 
appoars to us an unusual feature consider¬ 
ing this Board, with one delegate from oach 
county society, meet and consult togothor, 
elect officers and pass rosolves onco each 
year. Whatever tho organization in tho 
Buckeye Stato may be named, it has given 
ovidonco of vitality and well directed efforts, 
promoting the cause of improvement to an 
extent equal to that dono by any similar 
body in tho country, and what is quito es¬ 
sential, possesses the confidence and support 
of the people. + 
In mentioning tho reception of Vol. XI 
of tho “ Transactions of tho Now York State 
Agricultural Socioty” a few weeks since, wo 
said it was our purpose thereafter to extract 
from its 777 pages such matters as were ap¬ 
propriate to the scope and dosign of the 
Rural, and also to glean therefrom thoso 
items of general interest and value, which 
tho hurried or desultory reader would bo 
likely to pass unnoticed, in glancing over tho 
Reports, Addresses, Awards of Premiums, 
Statements, Essays, Surveys and Statistics, 
which go to make up this valuable but bulky 
volume. Wo now take it up to do so, and 
shall from time to timo continue our drafts 
upon its pages. 
Following the Report of the Executive 
Committee and the Annual Address, we have 
tho Awards and Reports of the Judges for 
the Fair of the year, held, as all will remem- 
bor, in this city. A portion of theso Roports 
are of permanent value on tho matters 
to which they refer, while othors, with 
tho lapse of timo, have lost their interest to 
tho general reader. But enough of preface. 
Water Lime for Laying Stone Drains. 
—Mr. A. Willson, of Marcellus, says ho 
has used water lime with good success in 
laying stone drains. Ho took up ono whoro 
tho stono had been filled in with turf, straw, 
or shavings, and then filled in, (which had 
become a harbor for mice, moles, &c.,) and 
relaid it—filling in the crevices with mortar, 
and has seon marks of mice since. IIo used 
one bushel of water lime to fivo of sand, 
applying it after laying the whole drain.— 
This quantity was sufficient for 12 or 15 
rods. 
Deer Tillage vs. Drouth.— Tho past re¬ 
markably dry season in many localities, has 
furnished additional ovidonco on this ques¬ 
tion, which wo hope those who havo ob¬ 
served will allow us to give to the public.— 
The system of thorough draining, as far as 
it acts to deepon tho soil, has also been test¬ 
ed. Both subjects are of great importance 
to tho farmer, oven if thoy confer but a 
tithe of the benefits claimed for them. 
Progress of the Dairy Interest. 
The statistics of commerce—of our im¬ 
ports and exports—and also, those given in 
the Seventh Census, of the Productions of 
tho country, furnish materials for an inter¬ 
esting exhibition of tho “ rise and progress” 
of various Agricultural and Manufacturing 
interests. From the first of those sources, 
Mr. E. C. Adams, of Syracuse—of tho Com¬ 
mittee on Cheese — has gathered some in¬ 
teresting information which is embodied in 
his report, occupying some ten pages of 
the Transactions. 
The first exports of cheese were mado in 
1789, but from that period until 1840, the 
extent of this commerce abroad was very 
trifling. In the latter year it reached only 
tho amount of 723,217 lbs. Nino years 
later—in 1849—the Treasury Report shows 
an export of 17,433,682 lbs., about ttventy- 
three times as much as in 1840. This ad¬ 
vance in production and export is a most 
remarkable ono. To somo extent it may bo 
attributed to tho improvement which has 
taken place in the quality of tho articlo, and 
in the manner of fitting it for transporta¬ 
tion, securing its improved appearanco in 
market. The incroase in population, and 
tho improvement of dairy stock and farm¬ 
ing lands, has also added to the production. 
But the groat cause lies in tho impetus given 
by better and speedier moans of marketing, 
and the improved demand which a good ar- 
