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VOLUME IV. NO. 5. !- 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER : 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper, 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
■fflTH AX ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
Tre Rural New-Yorker is designed to lie unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub¬ 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter_ 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav¬ 
ings—than any other paper published in this Country. 
Us?” P’or Terms, &c., see last page. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.- SATURDAY, JANUARY 29, 1853. 
I WHOLE NO. 
| | j | Progress and Improvement, 
! ( THE LIFE OF A FARMER. 
| S Healthful and pleasant is the life of a 
S farmer. All statistics prove that it is con- 
? duel vo to longevity, and recent facts drawn 
( from the Massachusetts Registry of births, 
h ) deaths, Nic., for 1851, show that agricultur¬ 
al 5 lists stand much the highest chance of at- 
> < taining a good old age. Their lives exceed 
>! ; by twelve years the general average, and go 
,i ( nearly nineteen years above that of the com- 
j / mon laborer, and eighteen abovo the ave- 
, s rage age at death, of those engaged in 
s mechanical pursuits. There seems to exist 
: i a healthful influence in the employment, in 
? it4 varied nature and its fresh and suggestive 
j ? surroundings. So the young man, to whom 
i C a long life seems desirable, may choose the 
( occupation ot a farmer, with the greatest 
S likelihood of seeing the fullnoss of the al- I 
) lotted years ot man. For other countries 
! ) and other years — whenever and wherever 
( such statistics havo been gathered — also 
? show facts which confirm the healthfulness 
$ and longevity of the tillers of the soil. 
( Pleasant is the life of the farmer. This, 
) at least, seems the opinion of the great mass 
) of those outside the employment, if their 
i pi ofessions arc to bo behoved. A city writer 
? some of whoso suggestions are amplified in 
the present articlo, says, “ The man is ac- 
) tive business in other departments, pictures 
> to himself for his retirement, a rural homo 
\ ‘a little farm well tilled,’ and on that ho 
7 hopes to end his days. Ambitious msn who 
{ have drunk deeply of fame, aro at a stand 
7 when the tido of thoir affairs a^o at a turn, 
A whether to make new and more earnest ef- 
) forts to struggle upwards, or to buy a farm 
s and in the peaceful labors it requires, to 
j enjoy a tranqual close of life.” Merchants, 
> lawyers, and physicians, when most rapidly 
) accumulating fortunes, often stop to con- 
j sidcr whether a competence and a snug 
S farm, are not more desirable than wealth, ' 
S amid the turmoils and cares of tho city, and < 
5 the vicissitudes of fortune to which its ’ 
( dwellers are exposed. Rural life and em- < 
) ployment has the elements of tho beautiful j 
( and agi enable, or it would not possess so ( 
| nuino charms to tho occupants of all other i 
departments of human enterprise and in- I 
J dustry. t 
) . 'A hy, then, do so many young men, turn- a 
> in £ from Agriculture, as unworthy their at- 1 
| ton ^ on seek other employments, or crowd 1 
| tho “Quantile or professional ranks ? It a 
> ma y kc * or various reasons. Somo may do- b 
| Slro a inoro s P e edy return from their labor t. 
> ancl think ifc in daily or weekly wages; o 
j not considering tho uncertainty of constant P 
' f m pl°ymont or comparing thoir actual prof- e. 
ns with those of tho working farmer.— 
. ■ oers may be led away by the attractive tr 
and fashionable appearance of acquaint¬ 
ances who have found employments in tho w 
city, or by tho hope of rivaling the one out 0 i 
o twenty, who has succeeded in making a N 
fortune in as a merchant; for getting, moan- h< 
whdo, tho confinement and drudgery of the w, 
evory-day life of their gentlemanly friend, ar 
and tho nineteen failures which have taken 
p aco while tho latter has risen to wealth oi 
anc notoriety. A larger class are impressed m 
..... 11 ® ulea that > iu cities exist greater fa- ge 
duties for finding a comfortable living with¬ 
out much active labor; and this thought has so 
charms for the indolent, which they cannot 
resist. How bitterly they will bo disap¬ 
pointed, miserable multitudes, who are wait¬ 
ing with Micawber, for “something to turn 
up," can sorrowfully relate. 
I he idea also prevails that tho youg man 
who has boon liberally educated must study 
a profession—that in law, medicine or the- 
alone, can be found use or occosion 
for the learning he has acquired. It will be 
a better day for all, when it is discovered 
that the highest honors of tho college do 
not unfit a man for the practical studies and 
duties of the agricultor”— that it is not 
burying one’s knowledge, at an inglorious 
retirement, to graduate from the university 
to the farm. Some of our most successful 
scientific agriculturists have reached farm¬ 
ing through law, finance, politics, or mer¬ 
chandize ; going by tho way of the profes¬ 
sions to their present field of labor. When 
such men — as such soon will — take tho 
directest, shortest route—farming will rank 
not only as healthful and pleasant but as 
profitable and honorable in the esteem of 
men. Increase in position, will give in¬ 
crease in knowledge and refinement, and 
make the life of a former every whore, what 
that life should bo which a Washington has 
adorned by his example, and honored by his 
praise. 
THE DIFFERENCE. 
BY CHARLIE CHESTNUT. 
T o “ Aou havo a fine crop of potatoes there 
ut neighbor, said Farmer R. one morning as 
10 was passing where Farmer C. had com- 
st menced his day’s work, hoeing. 
1- Fanner C. —Yes, they look very woll in- 
3S deed. 
5r Farmer R. —Xow, what on earth the roa- 
o son is, I can’t see, or why they should look 
ss so much better than mine, over the fence, 
there. I took a great deal of pains plowing 
3 , and planting my piece, but it’s so mighty 
s hard, some spots I could’nt get the plow in, 
r it I should dio. flow’d that new plow, sub 
*, what do you call it, go, you sent to Albany 
a f or? 
Far. C.—O, it wont fine indeed, I put 
s ono team on tho surface plow, and one on 
3 the subsoil, and we havo got a soil hero 12 
3 inches deep, mellow and nico. 
) Far. R .—That does hoe nice, I declare; 
I but do you think you will get potatoes 
, enough more, to pay for tho trouble ? Jim 
m y hoy says that he believes we ought 
i to have a subsoil plow,—says he has seen in 
> the paper your boy let him havo, that po- 
> tatoas and corn too, grow best on deep soil, 
■ and since I've been considering the subject, 
■ I see it stands to reason that they should. 
You seo > there’s my potatoes over tho fence 
, there, I vow , I could’nt git tho plow in half 
of the timo,— Jim told mo ‘ that wasn’t tho 
way to plow,’ but says I, ‘ it looks likely I 
don’t know as much about it as you do Jim; 
vie, an old man! 2sow tho boy meant well 
enough, but ho has got somo new-fangled 
notions in his head, since bo’s read them aro 
papoi s don t soo how it should come so, 
but as I was saying, I see it stands to rea¬ 
son. } our potatoes have a good, deep, mel¬ 
low soil to grow in, and they look green and 
nico, but mine, yonder, aro yellow and look 
as though they would dio. As Jim said, I 
belies o it ain t no way to plow, as I plowed 
that piece. I’ll have that pair of three-year 1 
old’s broke, and put on behind a subsoil 1 
plow, another year, if I can scratch together 
enough to buy ono. 5 
Far. C.— Does James read tho papers 
much ? 
lar. R. 0 yes, he’s all carried away ( 
svith them, and says if he can git money j 
enough, he's going to take tho Yorker— ^ 
Now, I don’t know what to do with tho boy; j 
he wants to go to school this svintor, and ^ 
wants tho papers, and wants, wants, wants, 0 
and there is no end to his wanting. j. 
Far. C. —James is a smart boy, and you 
ought to lot him go to school. He would 4 
make a farmor of tho right stamp if ho could n 
got tho necessary knowledge. 
Far. R. —Well, I don’t know. I think 
sometimes too much knowledge spoils a si 
ot person. Now, before ho got hold of them 
p- papers, ho was whittling and whistling, and 
it- banging around ; but now every spare mo¬ 
rn ment he gets, he’s reading, and if I tell him 
to do anything, ho does it, (and I can’t com- 
m plain,) and does it well, and back again, and 
ly washes hands and is reading again,—never 
e _ did see such a boy ! 
m 1'ar. C .—My boys all havo tho papers, 
30 and I don’t think it ever hurt them. 
)d Far. R. —Woll, your boys are different 
10 from mine. They take to learning. There’s 
td my oldest—can't write his own name—some 
)t how or another I couldn’t get him to go to 
1S school — he’d rather hunt; and my second 
;y always wanted a fiddle, and there aint a 
11 social gathering down to old-’s but he 
i- must be there, savviu’ to ’em. 
r- Far. C. —Don’t you think James likes 
3 - books, .and would learn them easily ? 
n Far. R. —I don’t know but he would. — 
0 is n t like tho other boys. I bought him 
k that cultivator, this spring, to please him, 
,s ant l f you he takes pride in using it, and 
if the corn never looked better. He got the 
- motion tor that out of the Rural— what you 
d call it i and seeing you uso yours. 0, how 
t mu oh did you got for them heifers you sold 
s tko other day ? Jim said you got $40 a 
s piece and / only got ten, and I tho’t mine 
were fair. Jim sayss yours were a different 
breod. 
I 1 ar. C .— James told you correctly in ro- 
gard to tho price, and they are a different 
^ breed tho Durham stock. Their sire was 
imported from England, from fine blood 
there. 
h ar. R .—AY ell, I don’t know what the • 
world is coming to; James says I did not got 
enough, according to the market prices in 
tho papers, and that is what wo loso by not 
taking tho papers. 
I ar. C .—\ou did not get enough. Beef 
is high; you say yours was fair. 
i ar. R. —Well, that’s just what Jim told 
mo, but I did 11 1 believe the boy knew any¬ 
thing about it. But I must bo going. Have 
you seen my cows any whore ? They didn’t 
como homo last night, and where they bo I 
can t tell. Jim says he is going to fix up the 
fenco and keep them in tho pasture, and I 
see he is over there at it now—don’t see 1 
what has got into tho boy ? Don’t you think 1 
neighbor, he says ho is going to break up ( 
that fifty acre lot next summer, and sow it ) 
to wheat! It has hardly borno red top this 1 
ten years, and ho says, with a little fixing, ' 
it will boar wheat! The book-farming, * 
them papers teach will turn his head wrong f 
side out, but there’s no use in trying to stop * 
him,—ho will have his own way. 
Far. C .—I would let him try the experi- c 
ment on the old pasture; it will not hurt it, 1 
and if it bears anything, it will bear as much 
as it doos now. 
Far. C.—l guess I shall have to, and t 
take up wifo’s money that sho has got out r 
at interest, and lot him got such tools as ho 9 
I wants,—wife is fast for it. But I declare F 
there is the horn for breakfast, and I’ll go \ 
down and oat, and then get on tho old mare \ 
and hunt up them poxed cows. But I toll 
you, neighbor, Jim shall havo tho paper—the 1 
Rural New-Yorker you call it—for he U 
can t do wdthout it as I sco. Them potatoos ^ 
do look neat. 
Farmer R. has learned to be proud of his k 
son, who now carries on tho Homestead cc 
farm of 200 acres, takes tho Rural New- W 
Aorkrr. —has a subsoil plow, and a mowing tc 
machine — and is a model to all farmers. C:) 
CHEESE DAIRY HOUSE. 
The Dairy business is one of growing im- 
| portance to the country, and many of our 
readers will bo pleased with the tasteful and 
well-arranged plan for a “Cheese Dairy 
House,” which we transfer with its descrip¬ 
tion, from Allen’s “Rural Architecture.” 
YVherever the dairy is made a prominent 
branch of farm production, buildings for its 
distinct accommodation should bo erected. 
It is as much a manufacturing business as 
any other, and needs its own peculiar con¬ 
veniences and facilities. This cheese house 
Mr. A. descibes as follows : 
“Tho building is one and a half stories high, 
Canadian Wheat Crops.— A Darlington, 
C. W., farmor tells somo large stories of 
Canadian crops in the Toronto Examiner. 
He says, and would like to know if any 
Yankee farmers can beat it,—“ Mr. Thomas 
Brown, raised, threshod and cloaned 75 
bushels of clean wheat as tho produce of 
one acre. Another near neigher, Mr. B. 
Bowen, raised, threshod and cleaned from 
five acres, 300 bushels or 60 per acre. From 
40 to 50 bushels per acre is not thought 
much of with us.” 
Vegetable growth furnishes tho chief 
supply of fertilizing materials. 
^ The front door is protected by a light 
3 porch, (a,) entering by a door, (&,) the main 
. dairy-room. Tho cheese presses, (c, c,) oc- 
j cupy tho left end of the room, between 
. which a passage leads through a door, (/,) 
j * nt0 the wood-shed, ( h,) open on all sides, 
with its roof resting on four posts set in the 
ground. The largo chhese-table, (d,) stands 
r on the opposite end, and is three feet wide. 
| In the center of tho room is a chimney, (e.) 
with a whey and water boiler, and vats on 
each sido. A flight of stairs, (/,) leading 
into tho storage room above, is in tho rear.' 
A. door, (b ) on the extreme 1 'ight, leads into 
the ice-house, (g.) There aro four windows 
to the room—two on each side, front and 
rear. In tho loft aro placed the shelves for 
storing the cheese, as soon as sufficiently 
propared on tho temporary table below.— 
This loft is thoroughly ventilated by win¬ 
dows, and the heat of the sun upon it ripens 
tho cheese rapidly for market. A trap-door 
through tho floors, over which is hung a 
tackle, admits the cheese from below, or 
passes it down, when prepared for market. 
The cheese house should, if possible, bo 
placed on a sloping bank, when it is design¬ 
ed to feed tho whey to the pigs ; and even 
when it is fed to cows, it is more convenient 
to pass it to them on a lower levol, than to 
carry it out in buckets. It may, however, 
if on a level ground, be discharged into vats 
in a cellar below, and pumped out as want¬ 
ed. A collar is convenient—indeed almost 
indisponsable—under the cheese dairy; and 
water should bo so near as to bo easily 
pumped or drawn into tho vats and kettles j 
used in running up the curd, or for washing 
the utensils used in the work. When tho 
milk is kept over night, for the next morn¬ 
ing’s curd, temporary tables may bo placed 
near the ico-room, to hold the pans or tubs 
in which it may bo set, and tho ico used to 1 
temper the milk to tho proper degreo for 
raising the cream. If the dairy be of such ; 
extent as to require larger accommodation ; 
than tho plan here suggested, a room or two 
may be partitioned off from the main milk 
and prossing-room, for washing the vessels 
and other article employed, and for setting 
the milk. Every facility should be made 
for neatness in all the operations connected 
with the work. 
Different accommodations aro required, 
for making tho different kinds of choose 
which our variod markets demand, and in 
the fitting up of the dairy-house, no positive 
plan of arrangement can bo laid down, suit¬ 
ed alike to all tho work which may be de¬ 
manded. Tho dairyman, therefore, will 
host arrange all these for the particular con¬ 
venience which ho requires. Tho main plan 
and style of building, however, we think 
will be generally approved, as being in an 
agreeable architectural style, and of con¬ 
venient construction and shape for the ob¬ 
jects intended.” 
For a butter dairy Mr. Allen suggests 
tho erection of a similar building, without 
tho uppor story ; the posts being nino feet 
above the sills. A good walled cellar, well 
lighted, as a room for sotting tho milk is re¬ 
quired, with a broad flight of steps from the 
main floor above, into it. Tho churning 
and working of the butter may be attended 
to in the cellar, while the washing and dry- 
ing of pans, pails and buckets should be 
performed in tho room above. As in the 
cheese house, tho dairyman will need suit 
himself, the locality, and his own facilities, in 
the details of tho building erected. 
SAW DUST FOR LITTERING STABLES. 
Messrs. Editors :—I wish briefly to call 
tho attention ot your readers, to tho value 
ot saw dust as an article for bedding horses 
and cattle. Tho hard plank of which most 
of our stable floors aro constructed, is vory 
injurious to the sensitive feet of the horse, 
often causing lamoness and tender feet, 
which could bo wholly avoided by a liberal 
application of saw dust. Straw will not 
answer the purpose as well, unless it is cut 
with a straw-cuttor, as the movements of 
with a broad, spreading roof of 45° pitch ; 
the ground plan is 10 feet between joists, 
and the posts 16 feet high. An ice-house, 
is at one end, and a woodshed at the oppo¬ 
site end, of the same size. This building is 
supposed to bo erected near the milking 
sheds ot the farm, and in contiguity to tho 
feeding troughs of the cows, or the piggery, 
and adapted to the convenience of feeding 
I the whey to whichever of these animals the 
dairyman may select, as both or either are 
required to consumo it; and to which it 
may be conveyed in spouts from the dairy- 
