103. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
aito m 
DWARF PEARS ON QUINCE STOCKS. 
We have no hesitation in recommending 
and urging the culture of thcso trees. We 
do not moan any and all varieties. Only a 
few, comparatively, can confidently bo said 
to succeed on this stock, but these tew are 
so excellent that anyjroasonablo person will 
not “ask for more.” 
Ho who designs to plant trees of this de¬ 
scription should learn what kinds do well 
before purchasing. To do this ho must con¬ 
sult persons of experience, on whoso accu¬ 
racy he can rely, or standard promological 
works. 
After one is satisfied on this point, thoro 
yet remains another of equal importance— 
pruning. Few persons can bo made to un¬ 
derstand the necessity or modo of pruning 
these trees. Wo havo bought scores for 
neighbors, and given them instructions how 
to prune, and in not a few instances have 
cut for them, but after the season of their 
planting, the trees havo been loft to take 
care of themselves, and run wild; and in 
many cases they are not cut at ail, but put 
out just as they camo from the nursery, and 
permitted to grow as they may. When 
properly trained, these trees are beautiful 
objects. We should bo delighted to see any 
thing more beautiful and satisfactory to 
look upon than a fine, well shaped dwarf 
pear tree in the trim of its full bloom. Even 
as an ornamental trco, they are well worth 
planting and caring for. But when in ad¬ 
dition to elegance of form, and foliago, and 
flower, they furnish you fruit every year, 
and at all seasons of year, rich, and delicious, 
and beautiful, wo should liko to know 
what possible roason can be given why they 
should not bo extensively cultivated. Va¬ 
rieties may be selected adapted to different 
climates and soils. One may havo them in 
eating from July to May. Not ono individ¬ 
ual in ten knows what a good pear is, and 
as the excellence of the fruit becomes more 
generally understood, tho best sorts will be 
more universally planted. 
Wo shall give othor articles containing 
hints in relation to pruning, selection of 
varieties, &c., in future numbers. Wo wish 
it understood that wo write for the benefit 
of those only who havo given but very little 
attention to tho subject under consideration. 
Our hints are dosignod for tho uninitiated— 
those who may desire to plant trees, shrubs, 
or flowers, and to whom this publication 
may be tho chief source of information. 
VERBENAS. - THEIR CULTIVATION. 
Bright and beautiful ye arc, in your va¬ 
ried shades and brilliant hues. Ye look up 
and laugh in the sun’s clear noon-day face, 
and blush not in his hottest glare. We love 
to gaze on you, beauteous flowers ! and well 
do you repay the care and labor bestowed 
in your cultivation. 
Prepare a bed, say five feet wide, w r orked 
thoroughly and doop. Let it be level with 
tho surrounding surface. Turn the plants 
out of the pots into this bordor, as the gar¬ 
deners stylo it, placing them lengthwise of 
the bed, a foot and a half from tho outer 
edges, and two feet asunder. Such varie¬ 
ties as do not naturally creep on tho surface 
should bo fixod to tho earth as they extend, 
by hooked twigs or pegs crossing them.— 
Lying on tho ground they multiply thom- 
selvos by sending down roots at tho joints, 
and so gaining strength and spreading, 
cover the whole bed with beauty. 
FRUITS WORTHY OF GENERAL CULTIVATION. 
The list below embraces the “ Fruits wor¬ 
thy of General Cultivation” in the catalogue 
of tho American Pomogical Society : 
American Summer Pear- 
main, 
Baldwin, 
Bullock’s Pippin, 
D an vers Winter Sweet, 
Early Harvest, 
Early Staw berry, 
Fall Pippin, 
Fameuse, 
Gravenstein, 
Hubbardston Nonsuch, 
Large Yellow Bough, 
Lady Apple, 
Porter, 
Rhode Island Greening, 
Ananas d’Ete, 
Andrews, 
Belle Lucrative or Fond- 
ante d’Automne, 
Beurre d* Anjou, 
Beurre d’Aremberg, 
Beurre Bose, 
Bloodgood, 
Bufftirn, 
Dearborn’s Seedling, 
Doyenne d’Ete, 
Flemish Beauty, 
Fulton, 
Golden Beurre of Bilboa. 
Louise Bonne do Jersey, 
Madeleine, 
Red Ast rachan, 
Roxbury Russet, 
Summer Rose, 
Swaar, 
Vandervere, 
White seek-no-furth’r 
Wine Apple, or Hays, 
Winesap, 
And for particular lo- 
claUics : 
Canadian Red, 
Esopus Spilzenburg, 
Newtown Pippin, 
Northern Spy, 
Y'ellow Belle Fleur. 
Aus. 
Paradise d’Automue, 
RestiezQr, 
- Seckel, 
Tyson, 
ITrbaniste, 
Uvedale’s St.Germain, 
for baking, 
Vicer of Winkfield, 
William’s Boncretien 
or Bartlett, 
Winter Nelis, 
And for particidar lo¬ 
calities : 
Grey Doyenne, 
White Doyenne. 
NECTARINES. 
Downton, Elruge. 
Early Violet, 
PEACHES. 
Bergen’s Yellow, Grossa Mignone, 
Cooledge’s Favorite, Morris White, 
Crawford’s Late, Old Mixon Free, 
Early York, serrated, And for particular lo- 
Early York, large, culitics : 
George the IVth, Heath Cling, 
PLUMS. 
Bleecker’s Gage, Purple Gage, 
Coe’s Golden Drop, Purple’s Favorite, 
Frost Gage, Washington, 
Green Gage, And for particular lo- 
Jefferson, ccdilies: 
Lawrence’s Favorite, Imperial Gage. 
cherries. 
Belle Magnifique, Early Richmond, for 
Black Eagle, cooking, 
Black Tartarian, Graffion or Bigarreau, 
Downer’s Late, Knight’s Early Black, 
Dowton, May Duke. 
Elton, 
GRAPES. 
Under Glass, White Frontignan, 
Black Hamburg, WIdle Muscat of Alex- 
Black Prince ander, 
Black Frontignan, Open Culture, 
Chisselas de Fontaine* Catawba, 
bleau, Isabella. 
Grizzly Frontignan, 
RASPBERRIES. 
Fastolf, Red Antwerp, 
Franconia, Yellow Antwerp. 
STRAWBERRIE8. 
Boston Pine, Jennev’S Seedling, 
Hovey’s Seedling, Large Early Scarlet. 
CURRANTS. 
Black Naples, White Dutch, 
May’s Victoria, White Grape. 
Red Dutch, 
GOOSEBERRIES. 
Crown Bob, 
Parly Sulphur, 
Green Gage, 
Green Walnut, 
Houghton’s Seedling, 
Iron-monger, 
Laurel, 
Red Champagne, 
Warrington, 
Woodward’s White 
Smith. 
CUTTING SCIONS. 
Breda, 
Large Early, 
APRICOTS. 
Moorpark. 
March is tho mouth for cuttings cions that 
are intended for late using. Scions cut at 
this season of the year may be kept till Juno 
or July, in good condition for setting. They, 
whon practical, should bo cut from vigorous, 
bearing trees. Cut tho whole of tho last 
year’s growth, but in no case suffer more 
than half an inch of a former year’s growth 
to remain on tho scion, as it will absorb the 
sap from the available part of tho scion, and 
consequently diminish its vitality. It is a 
fixed law of nature that the extremity of a 
severed branch decays first. We have fre¬ 
quently known tho vitality of healthy scions 
destroyed by keeping them attached to a 
foot or two of tho growth of former years. 
They should never bo kept wot nor very 
moist, unless tho butt-ends are covered with 
a composition that is impervious to water. 
Tho absorption of water destroys thorn at 
oitcg. Tho cut ends may be made secure 
against the absorption of water by dipping 
them into melted composition;'such as is 
generally used for cement, will do. 
The best method of keeping scions is to 
pack thorn in a box and cover them with 
damp moss or straw, or they may bo rolled 
in damp sacking or almost any kind of cloth 
The box should be kept covered and put in 
a dark and cool part of tho cellar; as light 
and warmth will destroy them When ta¬ 
ken out for uso in tho field or in transport¬ 
ing them, they may be kept in wet sacking 
or any other article that will not dry too 
readily, but tho newly cut ends must not bo 
allowed to como in contact with water.— 
Those not intended to bo kept long, maybe 
cut in April or May; but should be sot in a 
few days after cutting. It is a very safe 
way of doing business, to cut and sot them 
on tho same day. They may bo set any 
time from March till July, but the earliost 
sot generally do tho best. 
Tho different varieties of scions should be 
kept separate and each bundle labelled.— 
Tho cheapest kind of labels are made by 
splitting a soft pieco of pino timber into 
strips about four inches in length, and one- 
half inch in width, and about an eighth of 
an inch thick—make them smooth and write 
upon thorn tho namo of tho variety with a 
pointed pioco of rod chalk. It will not re¬ 
quire a very skillful mechanic to notch tho 
labels at ono end, and attach it to tho cions 
with a piece of twine. The labels should 
bo prepared bofore the scions are cut, in or¬ 
der to prevent mistakes .—Keene (A". II.) 
A 'cws. 
WASH FOR FRUIT TREES. 
Some years ago, wo wore callod on by a 
man named Peter, and hailing from New 
Jersey. He had pruning materials with 
him, and offered to perform that operation, 
and also put unhealthy and unproductive 
trees into speedy boaring condition. Wo 
gave him employment for a low days among 
our trees, and after pruning was all perform¬ 
ed, with some interest, went around with 
him to find out his application to promote 
fruitfulnes, and which hecallcd his panacea. 
We took him to tho first troo old onough 
to bear, tolling him, “ Peter, this tree seems 
big onough to have fruit—has boon standing 
in good soil for several years—what had bot- 
tor bo done?” Peter would walk round and 
round tho troo, very quietly examino every 
part of it, and pausing for a minute or two, 
as in doop thought, would break forth thus: 
“ Well now Mr.-, in my opinion, the 
best thing for this troe, is to got some soft 
soap and lyo, mix them half and half, tako 
a white wash brush and rub with this mix¬ 
ture up and down to trunk and branches.” 
This seemed vory reasonable, and wo would 
pass on to tho next, remarking, “ Peter, 
here is a treo differently affected from tho 
other —that had boon making very little 
growth, hut this appears to have grown rap¬ 
idly, still there is no fruit; what had bettor 
bo dono with this subject ?” Peter would 
appear to bo puzzled, would rofloct a little 
longer than boforo, passing around and 
around tho troe, scrutinizing every part 
very closely, and then break forth again, 
“Well now, Mr.--, in my opinion (lay¬ 
ing considerable emphasis) the best thing 
for this tree, is to got somo soft soap and 
lye. mix them half and half, take a white¬ 
wash brush and rub with this mixture up 
and down to trunk and branches.” 
We would then pass on to a third subject, 
a plum troo having tho excresences on the 
branches, remarking, “Here is entirely a 
different disease from either of the others, 
what can be done hero ?” Peter would 
walk round and round as before, eyeing 
the treo most carefully, and deliberately 
as if working out some abtruso question in 
metaphysics, and after considerrble pauso, 
like a physician in a critical case, would re¬ 
mark, “Well now, Mr.-, in my opinion, 
the best thing for this tree (emphasizing the 
word as if a new recipe was coming,) is to 
get some soft soap and lve, mix them half 
and half, tako a white wash brush and rub 
with this mixture up and down.” 
Much amused, we took him to a sugar 
maple, healthy and vigorous, but with two 
or three limbs broken, and tho bark some¬ 
what scaled by another tree falling on it.— 
“ Peter what had better be done hero ?”— 
He seemed somewhat confounded, examined 
the tree as before, paused awhile as if in pro¬ 
found thought, and with tho greatest grav¬ 
ity remarked—“ Well now, Mr. —---, in 
my opinion, tho best thing for this tree is to 
got somo soft soap and lyo, mix them half 
and half, tako a white wash brush and rub 
with tho mixture up and down.” It was 
useless to go farther. Poter was evidently 
a man of one idea. We followed his advice 
however, and found so much benefit from 
the application to all our fruit trees, that 
we have recommended it with confidenco 
ever since. Peter scraped the bark off an 
old Queen apple tree, and applied his mix¬ 
ture pretty copiously, and the next season 
wo had a groatly increased crop of fruit.— 
It is a mixture convenient to most fanners. 
— Pa. Farm Journal. 
Oyster Shells eor Fruit Trees. —A 
corresponpent writes to tho Germantown 
Telegraph as follows : 
Ono of the most effectual applications I 
havo ever made to fruit trees in an old and 
barren situation, is a compost in which fine¬ 
ly broken oyster shells were the principal 
ingredient. Tho oyster shells have gener¬ 
ally a largo per centago of saline matter at¬ 
taching to them, in a fresh state, with somo 
animal matter and much lime. By break¬ 
ing them and mixing them with wood ashes, 
and spreading it thickly around old trees, 
an almost immediato and decided improve¬ 
ment will tako placo. 
Artichokes. —For stock feeding wo know 
of no root which is bettor fitted as a substi¬ 
tute for the potato than this. In nutritive 
properties, as we showed this time last year, 
weight for weight, it may bo considered as 
its equal, whereas, in productive capacity it 
is many times its superior. A lot assigned 
to artichokes should be kept for their cul¬ 
ture alone, as when once planted thoy re¬ 
main for years. Manure as for corn, plant 
four by two feet apart, keep them clean as 
you would—or ought—a crop of corn, and 
thoy will not fail to yield you some 500 
bushels of roots .—American Farmer. 
[CIRCULAR. — ADVERTISEMENT.] 
THE AUGUSTA ROSE. 
The subscribers take great pleasure in announc¬ 
ing to all the lovers of that beautiful flower, the 
Rose, that they will send out, for the first time, on 
the first day of May next, properly packed for 
transportation to any part of the United States, 
strong plants of their New, Double Yellow, Fragrant, 
Climbing Rose , Augusta, which has been acknowl¬ 
edged by all who have seen its beauties, to be de¬ 
cidedly not only the best double yellow climbing 
Rose, but the freest bloomer, and the most deli¬ 
ciously fragrant of any in the country. 
This Rose was raised from seed, planted by the 
Hon. James Mathews, of Coshocton, Ohio, in the 
spring of 1847, who, haviug in his collection the 
finest Roses in the country, including Lamarquk, 
Solkatkre and Chromatklla, speaks thus of the 
Augusta: 
“ This plant has thrown up shoots for the past 
two seasons from six .een to eighteen feet in height, 
and has proven itself, not only a remarkable grow¬ 
er, but of a vigorous and healthy habit. The Rose 
resembles Lamarque somewhat iu appearance, 
but is a more vigorous grower ; leaves much larger, 
more ruddy and dark in hue, very glossy and hand¬ 
some ; young wood of a very reddish cast, full of 
short, ragged thorns, but more numerous than 
Lamarque; old wood, large, coarse and strongs 
flowers very large and very double, and in color 
pure yellow, deeper than Devoniensis, and quite 
twice as large as La Padole ; bud is shaped like 
Lamarque, but is larger, and the flower when ex¬ 
panded is also much larger. It is purely tea-scentcd, 
quite as fragrant as Devoniensis, and more fragrant 
than any other variety with which I am acquainted. 
This rose has been the admiration of all who have 
seen it, being greatly preferred to all others of my 
pretty large collection; and it fully realizes my 
most sanguine expectations, being fully one huu- 
drxd per cent better than Lamarque.” [See Hor¬ 
ticulturist, vol. iv, page 147.] After several years 
further experience in growing and testing this 
Rose, he writes thus :—“ The Augusta has proved 
itself the finest of Woiscttes, a very vigorous grower, 
with splendid foliage, of the tnost free bloomiag 
habits, and deliciously fragrant. My opinion of it 
has increased yearly with its growth, and I have 
never as yet seen its equal.” 
We forwarded to tho late lamented A. J. Down¬ 
ing, in August, 1851, a cluster of its flowers, and 
in the September number of the Horticulturist,— 
[see page 436,]—he published the following com¬ 
mendation of it: 
[Opinion of the late A. J. Downing, Esq., of Newburgh.) 
“ We have just received by express, from Messrs. Tliorp, 
Smith, Hnnchett, & Co., of the Syracuse Nurseries, a 
branch of the ‘Augusta’ in good order, and are glad to 
bear testimony ( as far as a cluster of cut dowers will al¬ 
low us) to the beauty of this new variety. The dowers 
are a dne yellow, deeper than cloth of gold, and deliciously 
fragrant. We learn from those who have seen this new 
American seedling growing, that it is a fine, vigorous 
climber, with an everblooming habit, and have no doubt 
it will prove a great acquisition.” 
We tiave recently been favored with a letter from the 
following eminent Horticulturist ami Pomologist, of Ron¬ 
ton, Mass., the contents of which we are kindly permitted 
to make public. 
[Extract of a letter from the Hon. Marshall P. Wilder, 
Boston, Mass.] 
“I am happy to say that, although I had heard a favor¬ 
able opinion expressed in relation to the merits of this 
rose, its beauty exceeded my anticipations. 
“ The Augusta rose is certainly an excellent variety, 
having in its growth the climbing habit of the Noisettes, 
while in bloom and fragrance, it seems nearly allied to the 
Teas. Its foliage is beautiful; its dower is very pure and 
delicate in color ; its form globular and perfect, and al¬ 
though very double and full, appears to expand its buds 
freely. Considering these valuable characteristics, it may 
be esteemed as a good acquisition, and worthy of a place 
among tire best varieties extant.” 
In addition to the preceding commendations, we h ave 
tlie privilege also of giving the following extracts from no¬ 
tices and opinions with which we Itave been kindly favor¬ 
ed by persons who have had opportunities of examining 
its characteristics, all gentlemen of the highest character 
and worth, and most of them extensively known through¬ 
out the country for their dne horticultural taste and 
knowledge. 
| From the Hon. E. W. Leavenworth, of Syracuse.] 
“I have seen the‘Augusta’ rose, several times during 
two successive seasons. It is a vigorous grower, and free 
runner, with dark green polished leaves, and the general 
aspect of the plant is very beautiful. It blooms with the 
greatest freedom, small plants not a foot high, having been 
frequently seen by me covered with dowers. The flowers 
are very double, very large and beautiful and in fine clus¬ 
ters. It is very fragrant, and the fragrance is of a very 
agreeable nature. I am familiar with many of the finest 
yellow roses, and have no hesitation in giving this a decid¬ 
ed preference to any of them, for the vigor and beauty of 
the plant, the elegance of the bud and fiower, and for its 
charming fragrance.” 
[From Charles R. Sedgwick, Esq., ofSyracuse ] 
“I have on several occasions seen and examined your 
‘Augusta rose’ during the last two seasons, and it appears 
to be possessed of a combination of desirable qualities.— 
Its strong and free gt owth; the beauty and richness of the 
leaf; its high fragrance; tho size, color and well developed 
form of clie flower, till combine to place it in the front rank 
of the new roses. I Itave noticed the full clusters upon 
quite small plants, and judge that it blooms freely, and is a 
perpetual, from having seen it in blossom at various sea¬ 
sons of tlie year.” 
[From the Rev. Samuel .1. May, ofSyracuse.] 
“It seems to me to combine more excellencies than any 
species of tlie rose t hat I am acquainted with. It is a 
climber, grows rapidly and abundantly—as much so, I 
think, as the Michigan rose—the foliage is rich, and it is a 
perpetual and profuse bloomer. The flowers, taken sing¬ 
ly, are more beautiful than those of the Michigan, They 
are of a brilliant, though not of a glaring, yeilow color; 
and, more than all, have a delicious fragrance like the 
choicest kinds of the Tea rose. Whoever shall possess 
himself of this plant will confess that he has indeed a flo¬ 
ral treasure.” 
[From J. W. P. Allen, Esq., late Corresponding Secretary 
of the Oswego Horticultural Society, Oswego, N. Y.) 
“ Having seen your new rose, the ‘Augusta,’ in bloom, 
during nearly every month iu tlie year, 1 do not hesitate to 
say that, combining as it does the properties of a free 
grower, perpetual and prufuse bloomer, fine foliage, great 
beauty of developing bud aud perfect flower, with Ihe 
richest fragrance, it will be the greatestacquisition yet giv¬ 
en to tlie amateurs of Flora in the form of a yellow rose.” 
[From Dr. Herman Wendell, of Albany.] 
“I have no doubt but that the rose, when it comes to 
he known, will be a general favorite, for, from its delicious 
fragrance, (which, by tlie way, is precisely that of smiihii, 
a yellow Noisette,) its very free blooming character, as 
well as its running habit, it cannot but please admirers and 
amateurs of the rose.” 
[From Messrs. Thornburn, & Co., New York, and New¬ 
ark, N. J.] 
“ This is the finest American (or any other of its class) 
rose ever raised—is a hardy outdoor ruuner,—beautiful 
deep green glossy foliage, similar to the Cloth of Gold; the 
flowers of a deep nankeen yellow, full cupped to tlie centre, 
and of the most delicious tea fragrance. This rose is no 
catch-penny, but has passed the ordeal of severe scrutiny.” 
CAUTION. 
As the sole possessors of the Augusta, and in 
order to place purchasers on their guard against 
the frauds and villauies of the unprincipled, who 
have already, to some extent, taken advantage of 
its reputation to impose upon the unsuspecting 
some unknown variety under its name, we hereby 
caution all persons agaiust purchasing from aoy 
one who caunot show due authority from us to 
sell it. To show that the entire stock is in our 
hands, (we never yet having sent it out,) we give 
below tlie certificate of the original proprietor and 
originator. In his letter to our Mr. F., forwarding 
the certificate, he makes the following explanatory 
statement: 
“ I have never raised a plant from the original 
stock up to this time, nor have I ever given cut¬ 
tings or scions to any one but yourself since I made 
a present of the right to you. But it is proper 
for me to state that about that time, for the manv 
courtesies extended to me by our mutual friend, 
Mr. Fish, of Macon, Geo., I forwrded him at his 
request, a few of the buds.” 
We have a letter from Mr. Fish, stating that he 
was entirely unsuccessful in his attempt to propa¬ 
gate it—every bud having failed—and he is now 
awaiting a plant for himself from us. 
[Mr. Mathew's Certificate.] 
“ I hereby certify that I have never given or 
distributed to any nurseryman in the United 
States or elsewhere, any plants, scions, or buds of 
the “ Augusta” rose, which was raised from seed 
by myself, except to Mr- A. Fahnestock, now 
of Syracuse, N. Y., to whom I presented the right 
of said rose, with the exclusive privilege to propa¬ 
gate from, sell, or dispose of it as he might think 
proper. Dated, Coshocton, this 4th day of June, 
1851. Jas. Mathews.” 
AGENTS. 
The following: are our duly authorised agents at the 
places designated, with whom orders may be loft: 
JOHN FEAST, Raltimore, Md. 
JAS. D. FULTON, Philadelphia, Pa. 
GEO. C. THORBURN, Newark, N. J. 
II. P. BY RAM, Louisville, Ky. 
PARSONS & CO.. Flushing, N. Y. 
MORSE & HOUGHTON, Cleveland, Ohio. 
A. E. GLENN, Columbus, Ohio. 
‘ J. C. FERRIS, Cincinnati, “ 
KENNEDY & CO., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
L. ,T. GILSON, Cazenovia, N. Y., traveling agent. 
YW The Rose will be sent to any part of the country, 
packed in the safest manner, in answer to all orders en¬ 
closing Five Dollars; or 1 dozen to one address, for Forty 
Dollars. THORP, SMITH, HANCHETT & CO. 
Syracuse Nurseries, Syracuse, N. Y., March 1, 1853. 
Tooth Paste. —Four parts of porphyriz- 
ed red coral, two parts of bitartrato of pot¬ 
ass, ono part of cochinoal, one-eighth of a 
part of alum, ten parts of tho best honey : 
tho cochineal and honey to ho rubbed 
togethor, then set aside for somo time, and 
afterwards tho othor substances to be 
added, and rendered aromatic by means of 
some aromatic oil. By putting some on a 
brush and rubbing it on the tooth, it will 
render them beautifully white and clean. 
Crackers. —Ono quart of flour with two 
ounces of butter rubbed in; ono teaspoon¬ 
ful of saleratus in a wino glass of warm wa¬ 
ter; half a teaspoonful of salt, and milk 
enough to rub it out. Beat it half an hour 
with a pestle, cut it into thin round cakes, 
prick thorn, and sot them in tho oven when 
other things are takon out. Let them hake 
till crisp. 
Worth Remembering. —A small lamp, 
with a single tube and wick, such as is used 
for burning fluid, if filled with chloric oithor, 
and lighted, will disinfect a sick room, a rat¬ 
ty parlor, or othor “ odorous ” place, in a 
vory few minutes. So says tho Annual of 
Scientific Discovery for 1853. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending Maroli 15, 1853. 
Warren Aldrich, of Lowell, Mass., for Improve¬ 
ment in Turning-Lathes. 
Henry Bessemer, of Baxtor House, England, for 
Improvement in Machines for expressing Sugar- 
Cane Juice. Patented in England Feb. 24. 1852- 
Henry Beasemer, of Baxtor House, England, 
for Improvement in Heaters for Sugar-Syrup.— 
Patented in England Feb. 24, 1852. 
Win. & S. G. Coleman, of Providence, R. I., for 
Improvements iu supporting tlie Topping-Lift 
and Peak-Halyard Block ol Sail-Vessels. 
Peter Ten Eyck, of New York, N. Y., for Im¬ 
provement in Rocking-Chairs. 
Moses Marshall, of Lowell, Mass., Assignor to 
M. Marshall, W. Aldrich & L. B. Tyng, of same 
place, for Improvement in Knitting-Machines. 
re*issue. 
Wanton Rouse, of Taunton, Mass., for Improve¬ 
ment in serf-acting Mules for spinning. Patented 
Nov. 2, 1852. 
EXPLOSION OF BURNING FLUIDS. 
The atmosplioro, as is well known, con¬ 
tains oxygon gas, in tho proportion of ouo- 
fifth part, by measure. 
It is also well known that if hydrogon gas 
bo mingled with atmospheric air, it becomes 
explosive when flame is applied. If the hy¬ 
drogen bo added in tho proportion of two 
measures to one of oxygen, and especially 
if tho whole quantity ho large, tho ignited 
gases will explode with great violence.— 
■The same is true if tho illuminating gas bo 
substituted for hydrogen gas ; hut that gas 
being composed of hydrogen and carbon, re¬ 
quires more oxygen gas. If a drop of oither 
ho agitated in a bottlo of oxygen gas, its 
vapor will instantly mix with tho gas, and 
then a burning candle applied at the mouth 
of tho bottlo will eauso a loud aird it may¬ 
be a dangerous explosion. 
A glass globe of two quarts capacity which 
had been rinsed with alcohol, merely sha¬ 
ken in it and then poured out, was placed 
on tho hearth of a Franklin stove to dry, 
its mouth being towards the fire, but at tho 
distance of three foet from it, when it was 
soon shattered with a violent and dangor- 
ous detonation. 
These tacts will explain the explosion of 
tho burning fluids now so generally used, 
and which are composed of oil of turpentine 
and alcohol. Tho inflammable vapor, which 
is constantly rising from tho fluid when 
there is any space above, (in other words, 
if tho vessel is not full of thefluid.) becomes 
mixed with the air and soon makes it ex¬ 
plosive, just as if hydrogen gas were min¬ 
gled with it; on the contact or near approach 
of flamo an explosion will or may ensuo — 
Tho flamo may be even some distanco, be¬ 
cause if tho vossel be open, tho vapor will 
flow out of it, and boing heavier than the 
air, it may even reach a cancllo placed on 
tho floor away from flame, as in the case of 
the glass globe above. 
Wherever a lamp containing burning fluid 
is only partly filled—and tho same with tho 
cannister or reservoir—the air above be¬ 
comes explosive. This state of things oc¬ 
curs constantly in tho lamp as tho fluid 
burns away, and in tho can or reservoir as 
tho fluid is from tiino to time poured out 
for uso. 
It is so common that tho fluids are poured 
into tho lamp; and from tho can, with a 
flamo near at hand, and perhaps burning in 
the lamp itself, that wo must continuo to 
expect these very distressing casualitios by 
explosion and burning, becauso most per¬ 
sons who perform these duties are ignorant 
of the danger and its causes, and tho f'evV 
who know better are often rash and pro- 
sumptuous. The danger may he entiroly 
avoided by the uso of tho wire gauzo pro¬ 
tectors that havo been recently introduced. 
It may be proper to add that I have no 
interest whatever in the invention. 
B. Silliman. 
New Haven, Jan. 20, 1853. 
INGENUITY. 
Of all tho thousand and ono talents bo- 
stowed upon humanity, ingenuity is certain¬ 
ly the most accommodating. Its like is not 
to bo found for making old things now. It 
stuffs and covers cast-off shoo boxes, con¬ 
verting them into beautiful ornaments. It 
turns mother’s faded gown into a smart Sun¬ 
day dross for two or three little responsibili¬ 
ties. It cuts father’s worn-out coat into a, 
good holiday suit for little Tommy. It inak'os 
of last year’s hack a fashionabio Opora cluak 
for tho present season. It converts yester¬ 
day’s dry bones into a savory stow, arid tho 
surplus of broken bread into an Aldormanic 
plum-pudding. It strings meadow cranber¬ 
ries for bracelets on the arm of beauty, that 
excites the envy of ignorant aristocracy. It 
makes tho country hello the observed of all 
observers, when sho has mado of biddy’s 
quills an elegant ostrich foather. It gives 
the poor exquisite tho luxury of stiff dickqys 
cut from tho whitest paper. It tastefully 
covers tarnished mirrors in country parlors. 
It transforms empty barrols into comfort- 
ablo easy chairs. It invonts fashions for 
deformity, and deforms every body but tho 
imentor. It makes fortunes- by whimsical 
advertisements. It tests a lovor’s foibles 
by a thousand little stratagems. It apolo¬ 
gizes ior a scanty table with profuso com¬ 
pliments. It says no, in order to know 
whether it may safoly say yes. It has pre¬ 
pared colds for any musical emergency. It 
is the stepping stone to genius, and is often 
mistaken ior it. Finally, ingenuity, liko 
sweet charity, covers a multitude of sins._ 
Olive Branch. 
