MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND EMILY NEWSPAPER. 
drcjm^ anii dartmt 
BE THOROUGH. 
If you plant but one tree, do it well. If 
an orchard, do it equally well. If you con¬ 
template putting out a large number ol trees, 
you will not lose but gain time by waiting 
a year while you prepare the soil by deep 
and frequent working and manuring. One 
who has not learned by practice, has no con¬ 
ception of the growth and vigor of trees in 
well and ill-prepared ground. The advance 
of the former will be scarcely checked, and 
at the end of even the first season they will 
havo added a good quantity of well ripened 
wood and look thrifty, full of sap and 
healthy, while the latter will bo hardly at 
all larger than they wero when planted, and 
appear stunted and unpromising, and this 
difference is plainly observablo for years.— 
lie thorough — do your work well, and at¬ 
tempt no moro than can be performed 
properly. 
Dig deep, tlow deep. —No man should 
plant a garden or orchard, without having 
first trenchod or sub-soil plowed tho land 
deeply. This is as needful for vegetables 
and small fruits as for trees. Do this and 
you will never rogret it, but will thank the 
star which guided you in that way. 
SUMMER FLOWERS. 
If you desire beautiful, bright flowers, 
that are of easy cultivation, and rejoice in 
the burning sunshine—that will endure the 
summer heat, and gladden your eyes with 
brilliancy when most others are parchod and 
withered — plant Verbenas, Petunias, and 
Portulaccas. The last, once grown, will per- 
petuato itself—you neod have no trouble 
to sow again. The others are obtained in 
pots each spring from Nurserymen, at a 
trifling cost. Wo give a list of twelve choice 
varieties below: 
Chauviere—rich scarlet, very fine. De¬ 
fiance—fiery scarlet, brilliant. Satelito— 
rosy scarlet. Kossuth —rose, with white 
centre. Rosy Morn—purplish rose. St. 
Marqueritto—rosy crimson. Genl. Proa— 
dark maroon. Tyrian Purple—rich pur¬ 
ple. Sir Seymour Blanc—white. Odorata 
—blush, sweet scented. Madame d’ Gour- 
nay—blush, striped and mottled with rose 
and crimson, superior. Madam Clovet— 
rose, with crimson eye. 
GRAFTING LARGE TREES. 
Cut only so many branches as may prop¬ 
erly have scions set in them. A too severo 
reduction of the top forces numerous latent 
buds into activity, and sprouts to shoot up 
in great number and injure the tree. For 
the same reason, bo in no hurry to get rid 
of tho remaining limbs. The following sea¬ 
son take off only a part, say one-third, and 
these I would not cut all at ono time, but 
a part early |n tho spring and tho rest in 
June — and in doing this do not prune all 
close to the trunk, but only shorten a por¬ 
tion of them. By the third spring after the 
scions are inserted all the old' top may bo 
removed,—not sooner if you regard the well 
being of the tree. Tho wounds should be 
covered with some suitable preparation, to 
protect them from the weather. 
CLOTH FOR COVERING HOT-BEDS. 
Eds. Rural :—Some two or threo years 
ago I saw it stated in some Agricultural 
paper that factory cloth spread over sash, 
was prefeiablo to glass for hot beds. The 
factory has to undergo some process of 
course ? Will some of your readers give 
the desired information what the process is 
—(in caso it is good for anything)—whether 
it will answer to start early with? if not, will 
it answer for a screen towards tho close of 
cold weather ?— T., Palmyra, JY. Y. 
Remarks.— A friend w r ho has tried cloth 
for this purpose, says that frames thus cov¬ 
ered if made of largo size, answers very well 
in the early part of the season, but are not 
equal to glass, and taking durability into 
account, cost nearly as much. Tho cloth 
(thin factory) may be used without any 
preparation, or saturated with linseed oil. 
THE CORE WORM. 
Tiie Now England Farmer has an article 
on this subject from a Maine Correspondent. 
We copy below its essential points : 
So far as I have investigated tho matter, 
the core-worms of the apples in this country 
are in no particular different from the pi¬ 
ratical applo depredators of France, Eng¬ 
land, Portugal, and South America, and 
are tho offspring of a brown miller, some¬ 
what larger than tho mot! er of our com¬ 
mon moths, which deposits hor eggs at night 
in the dried blow r of tho applo, when about 
half grown. 
In the island of Jersey, a placo famous 
for its fruit, the depredations of tho “pip¬ 
pin worm ”—as they are called—is entirely 
avoided by tho farmers placing among the 
branches of their applo trees, somotimo in 
lllSSiAS 
m 
ROSES.-THE “VILLAGE MAID.’’ 
Roses— in themselves a garden—furnish 
the subject of a treatise, rather than tho brief 
paragraps we can now givo them. “ Every 
gentle feeling, every oxquisito thought— 
every delicate allusion is embodied in the 
rose.” Anacreon, who gave his own name 
to a class of poems of sentiment, sung near¬ 
ly two thousand years ago : 
Rose ! thou art the sweetest flower 
That ever drank the amber shower; 
Rose, thou art the fondest child, 
Of dimpled Spring, the wood nymph wild. 
There are innumerable varieties of tho 
rose and the number is constantly increas¬ 
ing. Of course, professed florists alono, can 
speak “ like a book” on this matter. 
April, tufts of pea straw, or what is better 
still, bean stalks, which have been kept 
through tho winter for that purpose. In 
tho cavities of these, the miller deposits her 
eggs, which in due time becomes a grub, of 
an altogether different character apparent¬ 
ly, from the apple-bred offsprings of the 
same miller. 
Those grubs never enter an apple, and 
what few of them escape the keen observa¬ 
tion of the black hornet or the speckled 
girdler, find their way to the ground, in 
which they burrow, lying dormant for about 
ten months, when they becomo changed to 
millers in timo for tho next crop of apples. 
I havo seen in the island of Jersey, tho 
apples from a tree unprotected by tho sim¬ 
ple precaution mentioned, literally alive 
with worms, while those of all the other 
trees in the same orchard were entirelv 
free from tho plaguo. 
I havo tried the experiment in South 
Amorica frequently, with the most complete 
success; and as I believe the North Ameri¬ 
can worm is identical with the apple-worm 
of other countries, I would advise that far¬ 
mers generally try the experiment. It does 
not cost much, and if successful, is just as 
good as a more expensive remedy. 
A WORD ABOUT GARDENING. 
IIow many of our readers have selected 
their seeds and made all the necessary 
preparation for gardening ? Tho season is 
rapidly approaching when garden seeds 
should bo in tho ground. Many require to 
bo planted early, in this latitude, that the 
plants may bo matured before they are ex¬ 
posed to early frost. 
A first and important consideration in tho 
formation of a kitchen garden is 
The Situation. —It is perhaps better, all 
things considered, that it should have a 
gentle inclination toward the south-east; 
yet a northern aspect is, for some purposes, 
perhaps preferable. Some vegetables, such 
as cauliflower, peas, spinach, &c., yield more 
abundantly when not exposed to*tho direct 
action of tho sun. 
A moderate elevation is preferable to 
either hill or valley. Convenience of access 
should also be duly considered. But tho 
most important matter, in selecting a loca¬ 
tion, is as to 
Soil.— This should bo a rich sandy loam. 
A depth of two or throe feet is desirable.— 
If this cannot bo obtained, and a stiff clay 
or gravel soil is selected, see to it that it is 
corrected by a judicious admixture of fine 
loam. A sandy soil is improved by the ad¬ 
dition of lime, plaster, ashos, and vegetable 
manure; while a stiff clay soil demands such 
vegetable and animal manure as tends to 
the separation of its particles. Hence the 
necessity of litter, and other animal and 
vegetable manures. Lime and plaster also 
operate favorably, and charcoal is esteemed 
by many as a very fino fertilizer. It has 
the power of absorbing various gases from 
the atmosphere and readily yields them to 
growing plants. But remember that ma¬ 
nure of some kind is essential to tho garden ; 
with it the gardenor can do overy thing; 
without it nothing. 
Depth and Mellowness of the Soil.— 
This must be secured ; it is tho secret of all 
successful gardening. The roots of garden 
plants extond themselves to a great dopth 
in the soil in search of nourishment. Their 
delicate horns have been traced to tho depth 
of several feet. Downing remarks :—I have 
scon tho roots of strawberries extend five 
feet down in rich, deep soil, and these plants 
boro a crop of fruit fivo times as large, and 
twice as handsome and good as tho common 
proudet of a soil one foot deep.” 
A deep loam has other advantages. It 
not only permits the escape of water after 
a heavy rain, but by its capillary attraction 
absorbs and therefore furnishes a supply of 
moisture during a protractod drought. * In 
fact tho only soil suitablo for the garden is 
a deep mellow loam. A cold clay soil, or a 
rich loam of a few inches in depth, resting 
Among our hardy garden roses, that 
figured above—“ The Village Maid, or La 
Belle Villageoise” —is spoken of as a desira¬ 
ble variety. Its color is rose, striped with 
lilac; it is a good grower and bloomer, and 
easy of cultivation. 
The present month is a good time for 
pruning hardy roses. The old wood—that 
of three or four years growth—should be cut 
away and all shoots shortened back, if fine 
large roses are desired. Compost or rich 
loam should bo dug in around the roots 
about this time, as the rose loves a good, 
fresh soil. No flower better repays care and 
attention. 
i ' 
upon a clay substratum, is not worth the 
trouble and expense of cultivation. 
Water. —In the selection for a garden, it 
is well to have reference to water. An abun¬ 
dant supply of water is absolutely necessa¬ 
ry. Loudon remarks, that “Manykitchen 
crops are lost or produced of very inferior 
quality for want of watering. Lettuce and 
cabbage are often stringy ; turneps and rad¬ 
ishes do not swell; onions decay; cauliflow¬ 
ers dip off; and, in dry seasons, become 
stinted or covered with insects, even in rich 
deep soils. Copious waterings in the even¬ 
ings, during the dry seasons, would produce 
that fullness and succulency which we find 
in the vegetables in the Low Countries, in 
the Marsh Gardens at Paris, and in Eng¬ 
land at the beginning and lattor end of the 
season..” 
Selection of Seeds. —After you have 
gone to the expense and trouble of laying 
out and preparing your gardon, bo careful 
in the selection of the choicest seeds.— 
Many of the seeds annually offered for sale 
are worthless: they are either of an inferior 
variety, or have lost their vitality. This is 
exceedingly vexatious to the gardener, and 
we know no way of avoiding it but by know¬ 
ing from whom you procure your seeds.— 
Possibly an enterprizing neighbor, or regu¬ 
lar seedsman, may be able to supply you.— 
If not, you are liable to be decieved. 
Garden Tools. —We neod scarcely re¬ 
mind the reader that the gardener should 
be well provided with the implements of his 
art. Of these, tho spade, the hoe and the 
rake are indispensable. Others will be 
found valuable assistants, and in their selec¬ 
tion, much discrimination should be exer¬ 
cised. And see to it that they are kept in 
a conspicious position, and at the same 
time bright and clean. Remember the old 
standard maxim: “ have a place for every¬ 
thing, and, every thing in its place .”—■ Ohio 
Farmer. 
CULTURE OF THE ROSE. 
In its demand on cultivation, the rose is 
modest, in proportion to the remunerative 
satisfaction it affords. It loves a deep 
loam; so, if the soil is shallow, it should, by 
all means bo trenched. If straw, or coarse 
manure is laid in the bottom of the trench, 
a benefit will be found from the continued 
lightness of tho soil it will afford, and by 
its drainage in taking off superfluous water 
in heavy storms. The soil around the roots 
should be kept light and free from weeds. 
Like all plants and animals, it must have a 
sufficient territory to occupy, and healthy 
ailiment. To afford a desirable supply of 
food, rotten manure should be forked into 
the soil, round the roots, to give an abun¬ 
dant ^and healthy food for the next year’s 
bloom. Mulching with leaves or coarse 
manure, after tho ground is put in order 
for the season, is highly beneficial, as it 
preserves an equilibrium of cold and heat, 
dry and moisture, essential to the health of 
tho plant. 
Its greatest enemy, of the insect tribe, 
that we know of, is the slug, which fastens 
to tho under side of the leaf, and feasts up¬ 
on its juices, until it is reduced to a skele¬ 
ton, disfiguring tho plant. The best reme¬ 
dy we-know of for its ravages, is found in 
keeping the plant in good health, so as to 
insure a vigorous flow of nutritive sap, and 
a firm growth of leaves and wood. With 
us. it has succeeded admirably, and we com¬ 
mend it to all whoso bushes aro affected 
with a troublesome and wasting enemy. — 
Horticulturist. 
Cranberry Roots. —A Subscriber wishes 
to know where Cranborry Roots can be ob¬ 
tained, the price, &c. Any one who can an¬ 
swer, will please do so through the columns 
of the Rural. 
The noblest romedy for injuries, is obliv¬ 
ion. Light injuries are made lighter by not 
regarding them. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending March 22, 1853. 
Horatio N. Black, of Philadelphia. Pa., for Im¬ 
provement in Hydraulic Steam Pumps. 
John P. Comly, of Dayton, Ohio, for Improve¬ 
ment in Separating Paper by single sheets. 
Roswell Enos and Bela T. Hunt, of St. Charles, 
Ill., for Improvement in Tanning. 
Mills A. Hackley, of Bellville, N. Y., for Im¬ 
provement in Cheese Presses. 
Wm. Mansfield, of Dracut, Mass., for Improve¬ 
ment in Knitting Machines. 
James Riley and Wm. Allen, of Southfield, N. 
Y., for Improvement in Processes for Distilling 
Rosin Oil. 
James Stranbrough, of Newark, N. Y., for Im¬ 
provement in Harness. 
Seth D. Tripp, of Rochester, Mass., Assignor to 
Edward L. Norfolk, of Salem, Mass., for Improve¬ 
ment in Machines for Pegging Boots and Shoes. 
IRON PUMPS. 
Friend Moore : —Much vexation and not 
a little expense is incured by the users of 
this indispensable article, in consequence of 
tho leather band encircling the upper box 
becoming worn out; obliging them to lay 
the pump aside when otherwise as “ good 
as new,” and procure a new one, because of 
inability to got the box repaired. It may 
not be generally known that this box is com¬ 
posed of two pieces, which are screwed to¬ 
gether. The only difficulty in repairing, is 
tho danger of breaking the box, by apply¬ 
ing force sufficient to unscrew it. Tho box 
being made of iron, this danger may be 
avoided by applying a moderate heat; then 
by the aid of the vice it is easily and safely 
unscrewed—when with a jack knife and a 
piece of an old boot leg, tho leather band 
may be replaced in five minutes time, ma¬ 
king the thing go again “ like a book,” and 
rendering the possessor, so far as pumps are 
concerned, perfectly independent “ of all 
the world and the rest of mankind.” 
Gates, Monroe Co., N. Y. CALVIN SPERRY. 
TO MAKE DRYING OIL. 
Take any quantity of linseed oil and put 
it in a clean iron pot, and hang it over a 
slow fire, and when it attains to a good heat 
add litharge and white vitriol (sulphate of 
zinc) in very small quantities, until the 
whole fs added, when it should be boiled 
slowly for two or three hours. Twelve 
parts of litharge to three of the sulphate of 
zinc, are employed, and two ounces of this 
mixture to one pint of oil, does very well.— 
If these drying materials were added hastily 
to the oil, it would fume over on tho fire.— 
Caro must be exercised to prevent such an 
accident. After the mixture is boiled for 
two or three hours, tho oil is taken off, and 
suffered to cool, when a sediment falls to 
the bottom, and the clear is poured off as 
drying oil. Tho sediment when mixed with 
whiting or ground chalk, and dry sand, 
makes a capital cement for filling in seams 
in tho roofs of buildings, or any crack to 
ronder tho same impervious to water. It 
becomes as hard as stone in the course of a 
few weeks, and is especially adapted for the 
joints of stones in exposed situations. We 
havo been inquired of by three or four cor¬ 
respondents lately respecting the above dry¬ 
ing oil; we have only to add that if an ounce 
of resin bo added to every pint of oil when 
boiling, it will improve the quality of the 
oil in no small degree.— Sci. Amer. 
STFETY CROSS BAR. 
A cross bar of an improved description 
for safes or bank vaults, doors, &c., has beon 
invented by F. C. Goffin, of Now York City, 
who has taken measures to secure a patent. 
In this improvement the cross bar is hinged 
in the middlo, one half being fixed and the 
other movable, and when closed either into 
a groove or flanches, so arranged that its 
outer surface shall be flush with the door. 
The object of this is to prevent the possi¬ 
bility of its being forced by any instrument 
to which this kind of security, as at present 
employed, is very liable, and as an addition¬ 
al safeguard the cross bar is merely placed 
against the outer surface of the doors, and 
is secured by a padlock, which, as well as 
tho cross-bar may be easily forced or 
wrenched off by a levor. But by this ar¬ 
rangement, there is no way that tho cross¬ 
bar can be drawn back, and as it is so placed 
as to cover the key-hole of tho safe lock, the 
lattor cannot be exposed otherwise than by 
picking the lock of the cross bar. 
The Genesee Whig contains a very favor¬ 
able notice of “ Ketchum’s Mowing Ma¬ 
chine.” It is described as a very simple 
machine, which a boy of 16 can manage, and 
cut from ten to fifteen acres per day. This 
mower has been on trial three years. 
India Rubber Horse Shoes. —Among the many 
articles which are now manufactured from India 
rubber perhaps there is none of a more useful as 
well as novel character, than horse shoes. Exper¬ 
iments made previous to the present cold weather 
indicate that they will prove fully as durable as 
iron. Their lightness will especially adapt them 
to the race course, and having all the toughness, 
without the brittleness of iron, they will be of 
equal service, while devoid of the danger of break¬ 
ing when the horse is under motion. 
Copper is found in Cherokee. 
NEW GAS REGULATOR. 
A. W. Kidder has invented a very curi¬ 
ous and yet simplo machine for regulating 
the supply of gas burners, by which a very 
important saving in this article may be made 
with very little trouble. Under the full 
pressure, which, without any artificial re¬ 
straint, drives the gas into the burners, a 
very large amount passes through without 
combustion, and of course is wasted. In¬ 
numerable experiments have been made to 
remedy this evil, without success, until Dr. 
Kidder hit upon the device which now bears 
his name. 
It has been tried in several public edifices 
and private dwellings in this city, and has 
proved eminently satisfactory. The pro¬ 
prietors ot the Astor House and Metropoli¬ 
tan Hall use it, and say that they Rave found 
that it saves them lull twenty-five per cent. 
Stewart is about introducing it into his fa¬ 
mous dry goods establishment. Professor 
Torrey, one of tho most accomplished sa- 
vans in the country, speaking of it says : 
“ In another point of view the economi¬ 
cal value of this instrument to the gas-con¬ 
sumer is most striking. In consequence of 
tho great length of mains connected with 
any extensive gas establishment, it is neces¬ 
sary for the purpose of insuring a sufficient 
supply to remote consumers, to employ a 
force which delivers it at a much greater 
pressure than is advantageous for its eco¬ 
nomical consumption. 
Wo have satisfied oursolves by many tri¬ 
als, that, as a general rule, three cubic feet 
of gas burned at the pressure of,five-tenths 
of an inch, will burn as long a time, and give 
a quantity of light equal to that of four~cu- 
bic feet burned at a pressure of one and 
five-tenth inches, which is a fair averago 
j pressure for streo't delivery ; and, as a gen¬ 
eral result, the employment of a low press¬ 
ure than that at which the gas is delivered 
to the consumer, will produce a great saving 
to him.” 
Wo have seen tho regulator in operation 
at the office of the company, in Centro street, 
corner of Canal, and a very few minutes’ 
observation satisfied us that twenty-five cents 
upon every dollar’s worth of gas consumed, 
was a very moderate estimato of tho saving 
which it insured. It is very simple, not 
costly, and should be procured at once by 
every gas consumer, howover inconsidera¬ 
ble may be the amount of his annual con¬ 
sumption. Let those who have a particle 
of doubt upon the subject step in at tho 
rooms of the company, and witness the tests 
by which they prove its advantages.— JY. Y. 
Evening Post. 
New Plan of Applying Power to a 
Steam Engine. —We saw in operation, a day 
or two since, at tho machine shop of Mr. Ar- 
chambault, North Second streot, a small en¬ 
gine, the plan of which was invented by Na¬ 
than Atherton, Jr., of this city, to avoid tho 
necessity of using a fly wheel to pass the 
crank contres, with an even and steady mo¬ 
tion. Indeed this invention is intended to 
avoid the use of the ordinary crank altogeth¬ 
er, by substituting a slotted or grooved sur¬ 
faced cylinder, and meeting and uniting at 
each end, upon opposite sides of the cylin¬ 
der, are traversed alternately backward and 
forward, by a small friction roller, connect¬ 
ed directly with the piston rod at its end.— 
The piston rod being held firmly in line by 
means of cross head and slides, or otherwise, 
it follows that as it moves forward and back¬ 
ward, beneath and above the grooved cylin¬ 
der, with its friction roller moving within 
the grooves, the cylinder must revolve to ac¬ 
commodate such movement .—Philadelphia 
Ledger. 
TO REMOVE PAINT FROM CLOTHES. 
Many persons by misfortune get paint on 
their clothes, and from the want of proper 
knowledge to remove it, their clothes are 
spoiled for decent purposes. This is a great 
loss, especially when fine clothes are spot¬ 
ted or daubed with paint. Many fine and 
excellent coats havo, to our knowledge, been 
laid aside for common purposes, because of 
a few spots of paint. Paint can be very 
easily removed from woolen clothes, al¬ 
though it may be quite hardened. The way 
to do this is to pour some alcohol on the 
cloth, saturating the paint, and after it has 
remained on it for about ten minutes, pour 
a little more, and then rub the cloth with 
the paint spots between the fingers. This 
cracks up and breaks tho paint from tho 
surface, after which a piece of clean sponge 
dipped in the alcohol, should be rubbed on 
the cloth, with the grain. Paint can bo ta¬ 
ken out of silk in the same way, only it is 
best to steep the part of tho silk with the 
paint on it, in a cup containing tho alcohol; 
and it will not do to rub the silk between 
the fingers, for fear of breaking and creas¬ 
ing its surface. This is true, as it respects- 
lute string or any hard surfaced silk, but 
figured soft silk, may be gently rubbed._ 
The way to treat the painted silk, is this ?.■ 
after it has been steeped for about 15 min¬ 
utes, then it should bo spread out oa a 
board, and rubbed along the grain with the- 
selvage, by a sponge dipped in tho alcohol. 
This seldom fails to remove all the paint._ 
Some use campheno for removing paint',.but 
alcohol is more cleanly. 
The Scarlet Fever.— Arthurs Home 
Gazette rocommends very highly the fol¬ 
lowing prescription for this disease : 
“One grain extract of Belladonna, dis¬ 
solved in a fluid ounco of rain water. Dose, 
two drops for a child under one year. Given 
twice a day for a week.” 
It is certainly a very safe prescription, 
and is sustained by great weight of medical - 
testimony. 
