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VOLUME IV. NO. 15. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary an«l .Family Newspaper 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORP3 OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
1 he Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub¬ 
jects couneeted with the business of those whose interests 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter_ 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- 
n S s than any other paper published in this Country. 
O'” For Terms, &c., see last page. 
ROCHES MR, N. Y. - SATURDAY, APRIL 9, 1353. 
5 WHOLE NO. 171. 
’ l Progress and Improvement. 
7 INDIAN CORN.—ITS CULTURE, &c. 
3 Indian Corn, in thoso sections of our 
! S country adapted to its production, is be- 
| ; coining ono of tho most surely remunera- 
3 ting crops which can be grown, and each 
) year it attracts more and more the atten- 
> tion of th o farmer. The largo uso which 
<j may bo made of this product in feeding 
> and fattening cattle, swine, &c., renders it 
) an article of much importance for con- 
7 sumption on tho farm, and the demands of 
) both foreign and home markets are such, 
7 that any surplus may usually be disposed of 
) at fair prices. The product per acre is more 
> i n proportion, as a uniform rule, with the 
) attention given to tho preparation of the 
> soil, the planting and culture, than most 
< ot}i er grains,—tho crop not being so liable 
7 to blights and disoases and the ravages of 
c insects. 
) Xo plant bears better or repays moro 
) lichly, an abundant supply of manure. Its 
i growth on a suitable soil, is largo, rapid and 
s healthy, and it is a gross feedor — ono not 
s olten injuriously affected by the quantity 
/ 0l ' quality of the fertilizers supplied. Tho’, 
I hko others, this crop has its favorite aliment. 
| yet it possesses greater power of assimilating 
) tho different manures to its use than most 
( grains. Hence, as a preparatory—as ono 
) in a series of crops in which it is intended 
( to givo largo quantities of tho coarser ma- 
) nuros — it is one of tho best which can be 
> employed. To restore worn-out lands 
s quickly, to a high state of fertility by this 
/ means, and yet to produce constant returns, 
( tho corn crop is often employed by our most 
) intelligent farmers. 
s Wo are aware that no courso can be 
) marked out, suited exactly to tho circum- 
| stances of many of our readers, but from 
3 the plan which even one man pursues suc- 
; cosstully, others may gather hints which 
) they can adapt to their own uso, appropri- 
] ately and profitably. Let us instance, then, 
> one case of corn on green sward. 
During the present month, upon the old 
meadow, pasture or clover ley, intended for 
corn, place from thirty to fifty, two-horse 
I l° ac k °t barn-yard manure, and about the 
close of tho month plow tho same under, as 
neatly and perfectly as possible, at least ' 
nine inches deep. Then, with a harrow or 1 
cultivator, or gang plow, perhaps, reduce ] 
the surface to as fine tilth as may be with- £ 
out disturbing tho sod. Early in May, plant ' 
welt-selected, well-saved seed, in straight 
rows, about three and a-half feet apart each ' 
way, and when it is up so that it can bo easi- 1 
lv seen, pass through with a one-horse cul- “ 
tivator and then dress with a mixture of 1 
ashes, plastor and salt; a handful to each 5 
hill. Cultivate again and dress carefully ^ 
with tho hoe, leaving four or five plants to ° 
each hill; and keep the soil by frequent 11 
harrowing and hoeing, light and cloan as ® 
long as tho size of the corn will admit of " 
the passage of tho horse and cultivator bo- tj 
tween tho rows. And, keep tho soil clean S1 
throughout tho season, allowing no weeds to 11 
steal the fertility of the land and rob tho P 
present and futuro crops of tho nutriment 
properly their due. A good crop will be ' 
the result, if tho season be not remarkably S * 
unfavorable, and, if it is, this courso alone 
will produce any roturn. “T 
An examination of the reports of premi¬ 
um or remarkable corn crops, convinces us 
that a well-manured, rich soil, and thorough 
culture are, more than anything else, the 
requisites for raising the same. The varie¬ 
ty must bo suited to tho locality—our short 
summers, needing a kind that grows rapidly 
and matures early, while south and west the 
larger, coarser kinds are moro productive. 
A well-drained loam is perhaps the most 
congenial soil for the corn plant. Upon 
sour, wet land it will not flourish, nor wih 
the manures it requires, there produce the 
effect desired. If also, tho soil bo deep and 
frequently worked drouth or its opposite 
has little effect upon the growth of the 
corn crop. In short, thorough farming is 
appreciated and repaid as well by this, as by 
any product to which the farmer can turn 
his attention. 
AN ESSAY ON LIQUID MANURES 
BY N. DAVIDSON REDPATH. 
j Second Article. 
There are now no fewer than seven farms 
j in Scotland, besides several in England, 
which are conducted entirely on the new 
system of liquid manuring. While it re- 
coives tho unqualified approbation and ap- 
)f proval of some of tho most distinguished 
i farmers and Professors of Agriculture, yet, 
J, like every thing new, it has to contend with 
all the prejudices peculiar to all innovations 
e on established customs. Tho expense and 
troublo consequent on erecting the requisite 
k machinery appear the groatest obstacles in 
the way of ics introduction generally, but 
j. when once tho “ way to wealth’’ is percepti¬ 
ble, these difficulties will entirely disappear. 
Prof. Johnston, of Durham,—a name well 
known in the United States, and tho Agri- 
j cultural world, generally,— at a meeting of 
t the Berwickshire Farmers’ Club, said: I will 
now mako a few observations in reference 
’ to the system itself. The principle upon 
which the profits of tho system depends, in- 
• volves three considerations, viz., first, upon 
’ the application of manures in the liquid 
form ; secondly, tho application of this ma- 
j nure to the raising of certain crops; and. 
thirdly, tho mode of using up these crops 
s io feeding cattle under cover. Now, in re¬ 
gard to the application of manures in the 
liquid form, it is the result of experience all 
over the world, that tho application of a 
! certain quantity of manure in a liquid form 
produces greater results than when in a 
solid form. This is clearly shown in tho 
application of dissolved bones when used 
in a diluted and undiluted form. Now, at 
Myremill, (see report in first part of Essay.) 
it is not merely the liquid manure that is 
used, but also the solid droppings of the 
sheep, pigs, and cattle, which are dissolved 
in tho tank. Iho effect of liquid manures 
depends upon the condition of tho land and 
tho kind of crops to bo raised. It does 
not produce tho same effects upon ordinary 
rye grass, and clover, that it does on Italian 
rye grass, on which tho effects are very ex¬ 
traordinary. On cabbago, also, its effects 
are very remarkable and highly beneficial. 
Another observation I would mako on this 
subject is, that the produce of a large quan¬ 
tity of grass appears to show that the 
amount of produce is not dependent so 
much on the nature of the land itself, as 
upon a sufficient quantity of manure being 
applied to it. Mr. Kennedy maintained to ; 
us, that ho cut 50 tons of grass an acre per , 
I year, and though ho did not tell us what t 
quantity of guano ho applied after each , 
cutting, Mr. Telfer says he could apply as ( 
much as 20 cwt. with a profit, he using his ? 
grass altogether for the purposo of convert- J 
ing it into milk.* Now, you will observo J 
that tho principle of applying it in a liquid 
stato is founded not only on a sound theo- j ; 
retical basis, but is attended with sound - 
practical results. 
The quostion, however, to bo considered 
by practical farmers beforo adapting tlui d 
system is, can a sufficient profit be realized u 
ii- to justify them, or their landlords, in erect- 
us ing such machinery as we saw at Myremill? 
?h My impression is, that such expensive sys- 
be tem of applying the manures, could not by 
o- itself, yield a profit. I do not mean to say 
rt that a moro economical method of applying 
ly the liquid manure may not bo desired, when 
9e its benefits may be extended to all.* 
e - So great is the enthusiasm entertained by 
st some agriculturists on the subject of liquid 
m manure, that, to quoto the language of Prof. 
Anderson, in a speech delivered by him bo- 
10 fore the Highland Society, as reported in 
lfl the Scotsman, of 25th December last,— 
te every pound of liquid manure lost, is a bushel 
' e of wheat lost. This, if true, is only true in 
,s theory, and must bo received with necessary 
y deductions; nevertheless, tho superiority of 
n liquid manure over farm-yard dung is estab¬ 
lished, both by experience and the testi¬ 
mony of Agricultural Chemists. It should 
be remembered, that tank manure contains 
a larger proportion of salts, particularly 
urea, than farm yard dung. Urea, says 
Prof. Johnston, is far richer in nitrogen 
s than flesh, blood, or any of thoso other fer- 
I. tilizing substances, of which the main effi- 
v cacy is supposed to depend upon tho large 
- proportion of nitrogen they contain. It is 
- evident that 10 tons of farm-yard flung, and 
I 10 tons of tank manure together, form 
, unitedly, a richer compound than 20 tons of 
i farm manure alone. And there is this ad- 
3 ditional consideration, which was hinted at 
1 in the first part of this paper, that tho ma- 
3 nure being soluble, tho whole can at once 
) be appropriated to the roues of ,ohe plants, 
t This is peculiarly advantageous in turnip- 
- culture. It is stated in tho Board of Health 
. Report, that one lot of Swedes ( rute-baga ) 
I on tho farm of Myremill, dressed with 10 
• tons of solid farm manure, and about 2.000 
■ gallons of tho liquid, having six bushels of 
1 dissolved bones along with it, was ready for 
s hoeing ten or twelve days earlier than an- 
1 other, dressed with double tho amount of 
solid manure, without tho liquid application, 
and wore fully equal to thoso in a neigh¬ 
bor’s field whicn had received 30 loads of 
farm yard dung, together with 3 cwt. of 
guano and 16 bushols of bones, per acre.— 
The yield was estimated at 40 tons the 
Scotch acre. Tho cost of manure and these 
Swedes, by the pipe, was 6 shillings and 6 
pence, English, (Si.43.) per acre; and by - 
carts and horses. 10s. ($2.42,) in tho one 
case, and 11s. 6d. in the other, showing 
therefore, a saving of from 3s. 6d. to 5s. 
English, per acre on the turnip lot. 
The system of liquid manuring is yet in ( 
its infancy—probably no farm in the United -< 
States is entirely conducted on this irriga- j 
tinf: principle—it appears, however, to bo ^ 
worthy the attention of farmers generally, 
and particularly, of grazing and dairy far- 1 
mers in the neighborhood of large cities._ 
On farms, therefore, all under grass or other 
green crops, where no cereals are produced, • 
liquid manuring would pay better than any * 
othor kind of husbandry, particularly as ' 
largo crops can bo produced without dete- * 
riorating the soil. 
With regard to stall feeding of sheep, * 
there seems to be but one opinion of its su- 
periority over all other methods. Not to f 
speak of the value of tho droppings of the j 
sheep—which are allowed to fall through - 
slatted bottoms into gutters beneath, and t j 
which are regularly flushed into the tanks. s 
there to fermentt— tho superiority of tho • 
system of stall feeding is evinced in tho bet. ^ 
ter health of the animals, and their greater 
rapidity in fattening, especially in winter — 
One interesting fact is stated by Mr. Ken- ^ 
nedy, that the fleeces of sheep confined in 
pens, weigh on an average two pounds more 1 
than those which have pastured during the 
previous year out of doors, besides being ^ 
improved in the staple of the wool. 
MERINO EWE.—WOOL SORTING ILLUSTRATED. 
j In 4 - Youatt on Sheep,” we find the fol¬ 
lowing remarks on sorting Merino wool, as 
practiced in Spain. The cut is among the 
illustrations ot the Wool Grower and Stock 
Register for April: 
The Merino fleece is in Spain sorted into four 
parcels. r lhe above cut, while it contains the 
portrait of a Merino ewe, points out the parts 
whence the different wools are generally procured. 
The division can not always be accurate, and 
especially in sheenof an inferior quality, but it is 
more to be depen^c 1 upon in the Merino sheep 
wherever found, for the fleece is more equally good, 
and the quantity of really bad wool is very small. 
Both Lasteyrie and Livingston agree in this 
division. The rafina (fig. 1,) or the pick-lock wool 
begins at the withers, and extends along the back 
to the setting on of the tail. It reaches only a 
little way down at the quarters, but, dipping down 
at the flanks, takes in aU the superior part of the 
chest, and the middle of the side of the neck to 
the angles of the lower jaw. The fina (fig. 2,) a 
valuable wool, but not so deeply serrated, or pos¬ 
sessing so many curves as the refina, occupies the 
belly, and the quarters and thighs, down to the 
stifle joint. The tcrceira (fig. 3,) or wool of the 
third quality, is found on the head, the throat, the 
lower part of the neck, and the shoulders, termi¬ 
nating at the elbow; the wool yielded by the 
legs, and reaching from the stifle to a little below 
the hock, forms a part of the same divisiou. A 
small quantity ot very inferior wool is procured 
from the tuft that grows on the forehead and 
cheeks — Irom the tail, and from the legs below 
the hock (fig. 4.) 
Thus we have written, with a view rather 
to report agricultural progress, than to 
achieve agricultural changes. Prejudice, 
and even ingenuity are ever arrayed against 
innovation or preconceived notions, and 
many are so pugnacious that they would 
rather contend for victory than for truth.— 
These things, however, ought not so to be. 
Are any of the readers of the Rural inform¬ 
ed on the subject of liquid manuring ? Let 
them relate their experience. Aro any igno¬ 
rant, or aro any desirous of fuller informa¬ 
tion ? Lot them propose their difficulties, 
and if they cannot be instructed by abler 
hands, we may be induced, at some early 
dato to follow up this attempt, by a third 
article on this interesting branch, of Rural 
Economy. 
•An American ton is 2,0(10 tbs.; a British ton 2,240 tbs 
m'lblT 18 weight ’~' tho En S lisil hundred weight being 
•When H omestends are situated on heights theiiqnd 
manure would require no machinery for lift ing and f.u ci- 
ing. as it would distribute itself along the pipes, by grav¬ 
itation, when required. The Scotch formers insider the 
distribution of the liquid by pipes as deoi,! the most 
economical, and view the distribution by water barrels as 
utterly ruinous. 
f Mr. Kknnkdy estimates the value of this manure at 5 to 
6 shillings English, yearly, for each sheep. He believes 
that it contains more ammonia than the dung of other an¬ 
imals, as it ferments more rapidly iu the tanks. 
r ALLEGANY COUNTY, N. Y. 
ITS topography, productions, etc., etc. 
Allegany County is situated in the south- 
I °J n an( l Eastern portion of the State of N. 
York. It originally extended from the 
Pennsylvania line north 40 miles, and about 
30 miles iD width. A few years ago the 
northern tier of towns wero detached and 
annexed to Wyoming and Livingston coun¬ 
ties. Tho county is traversed from south 
to north by tho Geneseo river, -which, -with 
its branches, affords abundant facilities for 
watering purposes, as well as powers, and 
privileges, for grist and saw mills. The 
northern portion is less rugged and uneven 
than the southern, which is quite elevated, 
and the whole county, except the Valley of 
tho Genesee, is considerably higher than 
that portion of country bordering upon 
Lake Ontario. Consequently tho climate 
is moister and cooler than other parts of 
the United States, in the same latitude._ 
Situated at tho eastward of the great lakes, 
it is subject to high winds, and lowering 
weather. 
This portion of country, in its primitive 
state, possessed all of tho varieties of tim¬ 
ber usually found in the northern States.— 
The hills and ridges were covered with pino, 
intermingled with varieties of oak. as well 
as chestnut, from which largo quantities of 
the best kinds ot lumber have been procur¬ 
ed. In the valleys and upon the hill-sides, 
maple, beech, basswood, elm and cherry, ; 
wero found in great abundance. In no ; 
other portions of country were sugar orch- , 
ards to bo found to so great a degreo as in * 
this. And from its first settlement, it has, ( 
been celebrated for the quality and quantity j 
ot maple sugar made within its boarders. 
r The varieties of soil aro numerous. In 
0 the valloy ot tho Genesee, as well as those 
J, of its numerous branches, alluvial soil is 
't found, justly celebrated for its productive 
d qualities. In the northern portion and u - 0 . 
d on those portions of soil coverod w ; , h 
, • • -VAl pillt) 
- and oak, tho soil is yellow loam (] ee p . U1 j 
>• favorable to the cultivation of winter wheat 
- and yellow corn. Upon t’ aat portion moro 
t particularly occupied > /ith beech and ma _ 
pie, tho soil is a onallow,—much of it lying 
upon a subsoil of clay and gravel, usually 
’’ ^ en °Yainated hard-pan. This has generally 
r oeen considered the poorest soil for grain, 
y luxuriant for grasses. The introduction 
d ot subsoil plows, together with under-drain- 
d ing, will, it is] believed, do much, and have 
done much, to change tho nature of this 
kind ot soil. When treated in this manner, 
it is found to contain nearly all of the con¬ 
stituent properties necessary for producing 
- heavy crops of all kinds of grain, except 
. winter wheat. Tho absence of lime, per- 
e haps, is the reason why this soil fails in this 
t respect. As beforo remarked, the moist na- 
3 ture ot the climate, causes it to excel in the 
1 grasses, and crops of potatoes and oats.— 
- In consequeneo, tho best interests for the 
i farming community to pursue in this re- 
i gion, aro dairy products, and the raising of 
j various kinds of stock. And, in these 
! j branches of agriculture much money has 
* boon mado in this county, for the last 15 
i years. Tho increase of capital in this re- 
. spect, will continue to increase as tho 
amount of land brought under cultivation 
is augmented. 
Prior to 1810, but little of this county 
had been settled. A few of the hardy pi¬ 
oneers of that day had ventured into its 
almost impenetrable wilds. The fertility of 
the Geneseo Valley, early attracted settlers, 
but tho best portion of the valley still be¬ 
longed to tho red man. Like many other 
portions of Western New York, its settle¬ 
ment was slow. Far removed from any ■ 
thing like a market, the rugged nature of the J 
soil combined to make the progress of. the < 
farmer a slow one. Again, the tenure of tho I 
j St, il was in tlio hands of companies, who $ 
weie desirous of making ample fortunes out ^ 
of its sale.. In consequence, the price perr S 
aero, was so enhanced that immediately,af- ( 
ter the United States surveys of tho West- S 
era lands, and their offer of those lands at- C 
$li,25',per acre, tho tide of emigration was /j 
diverted, and a large portion of tho lands of v 
this county remand unoccupied for. many $ 
JW?. The amount of toil, the suffering <j 
