118 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
and privation endured, can only bo realized 
by those called to face tho same. For a 
long period, from its first settlement up to 
1S25, but little progress was made in wealth, 
except that of improvements upon the land. 
Stock, the greatest item then raised, which 
the settlers could part with, had no sale; 
barter was the lawful tonder of those times. 
About 1825, tho agents of the Holland Land 
Company commenced buying cattle of the 
settlors in payment for their lands. This 
circumstance introduced drovers, and from 
that period thero has been no lack of buy¬ 
ers of neat cattle. For further particulars 
of the history of this region, I would refer 
tho reader to Turner s Histories of the Hol¬ 
land Purchase and Phelps and Gorham’s. 
Indirectly, this section was benefited by 
tho building of the Erie Canal. But it is 
within a few years that this region has bad 
an accessible and ready mai kct. The com 
pletion of tho Hew York and Erie Railroad 
which runs through tho southorn part of 
this county, was tho dawn of a new era to 
that portion, hitherto a benighted region— 
The Genesee Valley Canal is finished about 
midway of the present limits of tho county. 
The New York City Railroad, from tho Erie 
Railroad at Hornellsvillo to Buffalo, crosses 
tho north-east part of tho county, which, to¬ 
gether with several plank roads, in different 
parts of the county, now affords abundant 
facilities for commercial purposes. 
In tho progress of settlement, sevcia 
flourishing villages have arisen. Among 
which may bo namod Angelica, the county 
seat, Cuba and Wellsville, upon the line of 
the N. Y. & Erie Railroad, Oramel and Bel¬ 
fast, at the head cf the finished portion of 
tho Genesee Valley Canal; and Rushford and 
Alfred, with their academies for the instruc¬ 
tion of tho youth of tho surrounding com¬ 
munity. Alfred Academy has been in ex¬ 
istence for quite a number of years, and is 
now one of the best and most flourishing 
institutions of the kind in Western N. York. 
Rushford Academy has been in opperation 
little more than a year and bids fair to be¬ 
come, from the spirit displayed by the com¬ 
munity around it in the construction of tho 
building, as well as the character of teach 
ears employed, an institution of pci manence 
and ability. Besides the above institutions 
of learning, thore are connected with seve¬ 
ral of the villages in this county, Union 
Schools, in which moro or less aro taught 
many of the branches usually pursued in 
academics. Societies and churches of the 
various religious bodies prevalent in West 
ern New York, are found in almost every 
town and village, most of whom have com 
fortable and comodious houses of worship. 
The character and intelligence of the popu 
larion of this county will compare favorably 
with 7-bose of other counties in Western 
New Yorir- 
Although for a long time this portion of 
country was esteemed but of little value m 
comparison to othftr portions of the State, 
and oftimes held up as place of derision 
and contempt, by the more aristocratic 
neighbors of tho highly favored (by nature,) 
regions around Lako Ontario, yet perhaps 
no°section of country at present holds out 
so many advantages for acquiring wealth, 
as Allegany. Tho value of its real estate 
has not yet arrived to that height to which 
it has in moro favored regions. While grain 
growing counties, in YYestem New Yoik, 
have become exhausted or require a great 
outlay to keep them up to a proper state of 
fertility, the lands in this region aro grow¬ 
ing more and more valuable. It has been 
carefully estimated that more per cent, 
profit, according to tho present value of real 
estate in tho different counties, has been 
made during tho past year in the county of 
Allegany, than in the county of Monroe— 
aside from the city of Rochester. Be this 
true or not, the condition of the agricultu¬ 
ral population of this region is far in ad¬ 
vance of 15 years ago. Of one thing, (and 
it is no small one,) this county can boast, 
that it has never been subject to any great 
degree to bilious and intermittent com¬ 
plaints! The air of its hills is always pure 
and bracing, and the appearance of its pop¬ 
ulation halo and robust. Farms can be pro¬ 
cured, but all that they are worth will have 
to be paid for them. Persons wishing to 
change their locations would do well to make 
this region a visit, Wm. Blanchard. 
Ccntreville, Allegany Co., N. V., March, 18 53. 
To Cure Ringbones.—T he horse must 
be cast. Behind the first joint above the 
foot is a tuft of hair, growing upon the point 
and called tho fetlock; in the centre of this 
point an incision must bo made, an inch and 
a half long, perpendicularly through the 
skin, and a white skinny substance presents 
itself resembling a bladder; insert a hook 
in this tough substance, and a little cutting, 
on either side, takes it out. Experience in 
hundreds of cases, has proved that this 
method will cure the lameness, positively, 
but will not remove the bunches, which, 
probably, cannot be moved by any external 
application what ever. _ 
Ricn soils grow largo crops. 
POULTRY: 
ROYAL COCHIN CHINAS.— BRAHMA TOOTRAS. 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE. 
In tho rivalry to gain precedence among 
the varieties of foroign lowls, we beg leave 
to interpose a word in rogard ot the Royal 
Cochins. Between-this variety and the 
Shanghai, there is very little difference— 
Tho Cochins, ordinarily of a buff color, aie 
considered to bo rather moro full and plump 
in tho breast, and sometimes the larger, and 
generally, though not uniformly, to have 
clean limbs. Tho Shanghais, as a charac¬ 
teristic trait, aro understood to have feath¬ 
ered limbs, although there are frequent ex¬ 
ceptions. But without making invidious 
comparisons between the two varieties, 
where both aro so near alike and both ex¬ 
cellent, it is our present purpose to speak a 
word in favor of tho Royal Cochin Chinas. 
They have derived this title, in distinction 
from those of other importations, from the 
fact, that Mr. Burnham, of Boston, obtain¬ 
ed them from Europe, derived immediately 
from the stock of her Royal Highness, 
Queen Victoria. From tho circumstances 
of such ownership, it is fair to conclude, that 
they were bred to tho highest perfection— 
And tho size, color, and form ot tho birds 
hero, entirely favors this opinion. There 
are other varieties that have recently put 
forth great claims to popular favor, on ac¬ 
count of extraordinary size. But wo great¬ 
ly doubt, whether, in the public sentiment, 
on trial, they will be found to secure and 
maintain tho reputation and standing of tho 
Royal Cochins. 
The birds of this breed that were exhib¬ 
ited in the Arcade, a few "weeks since, and 
then noticed in the Advertiser, bred and own¬ 
ed by Miles Decker, of this city, were splen¬ 
did specimens of this variety. We hazard 
tho opinion, that it would be difficult to sur- 
or oven equal them, by any other 
specimens of tho breed to be produced in 
tho city. For beauty of form, for size ac¬ 
cording to their ago, and for uniformity, 
richness and beauty of plumage, (a deep 
buff,) they excelled any birds that have 
hitherto come under the eye of the writer. 
Fowls bred from such stock cannot fail to 
meet tho expectations of those who wish 
fine birds of genuine blood—though efforts 
aro now making by intedited persons, to 
introduce the Brahma Pootras, and to se¬ 
cure for them an entire supremacy. Their 
claim to this position, is based upon the sin¬ 
gle fact of their extraordinary size. Allow 
this fact to its fullest extent, and we beg to 
know, if it is a recommendation and not 
an objection. It is impossible for a pair of 
fowls to weigh 25 or 26 lbs., and not be pro 
portionably costly to sustain, and not incur 
tho hazard also, of boing coarse indeed.— 
For a hen to woigh 7 to 8£ lbs. and a cock 
9 to 11 lbs. at 12 months old, (the mark 
reached by good samples of Cochins and 
Shanghais,) ought to be considered entirely 
The Appreciation of Agriculture. 
We have been favored by S. P. Chapman, 
Esq., of Clockvillo, N. Y., with tho Address 
of lion. T. Jenkins, before the Madison Co. 
Ag. Society last autumn. It was well re¬ 
ceived, as it deserved to bo, and the follow¬ 
ing extract will repay perusal: 
The duo appreciation of all men, occupa¬ 
tions and callings, evinces a high state ot 
mental culture. By this I do not mean so 
much an extonsive acquaintance with books, 
The Jointer Plow. 
Ens. Rural In No. 12 of the present 
volume, is an inquiry for moro information 
respecting the Jointer plow, described by 
Linus Cone, of Troy, Oakland county, Mich., 
and farther recommended by myself. Sev¬ 
eral months after 1 received the Jointer, I 
learnt it was a patented article—the paten¬ 
tee, Mr. Smith, residing in Oakland county, 
Michigan. From a neighbor of Mr. Smith, 
I learnt that Mr. S. was the patentee of-the as a thorough knowledge ot men and their 
Michigan Sub-soil plow, also. But to make pursuits, and tho value of which each call- 
farther improvements, he got up the Jointer o^^t^dS^ thS 
to bo attached to the beam ot a common oecupations of oth J s as seen in the full 
plow. It is made of cast iron, in shape simi- b i azo 0 f SU nlight. What professional man 
lar to any plow, with a mouldboard, land side has not longed, from the bottom of his 
and a coulter point. Tho standard is fast- heart to exchange his condition for the quiet 
. . r , ..i, „ labor and peaceful reposo of the tarmer 
oned to the beam of a common plow, with a The farmcl . ; on the other hand, thinks it an 
gripe, the same as a coulter. It cuts a fur- a g reea ui 0 thing to dose patients with physic, 
ow about six inches wide, and does the plead law, and preach. To him tho task 
work tho best when set to cut a furrow might well, at first view, appear so easy as 
about n inches <Iecp. Straw, cornstalks » 
stubble, or a hoavy giowtli of clovoi, aie but | east f or one or two townships, and carry 
little hindrance to the Jointer’s doing good on a p ro tty good stroko of farming at the 
work. It lays its furrows so close to where same timo. Whoever supposes that it is an 
they gather* before it, that it catches and easy thing to bo a good and successful tar- 
,avs them on the outer edge of the main 
furrow. The main plow turns them com- ment “ g in e ; t h e r avocation. I pronounce 
pletely out of sight, and their falling under t h a t employment tho hardest which is the 
the centre of the main furrow elevates that most negligently followed. 
two table spoonsful turpentine, and with 
flannel cloths, commence rubbing the har¬ 
ness both sides, draw the straps through and 
through the flannel. The polish must al¬ 
ways be applied warm as the hands can 
bear it. Lot your harness hang out one 
night. Take warm water and soap and 
wash all tho black off, which will come off, 
with spongo or cloths. Hang up and in an 
hour or so, you can bucklo together again, 
and it is fit for use. You will now have soft 
harness, with a dull shiny jet black surface, 
which will keep so for a whole year, if you 
have put oil enough on them to render them 
as soft as woolen cloth. They will retain 
this dull shiny black all summer, and mud 
will never stay on long after it is dry. 
Any persons who will treat their harness 
so, once a year, will never regret the trouble. 
If they need repairing, either do it your- 
solves or have it done, beforo tho spring 
work comes on. 
and that the 
easiest which is tho most laboriously and 
perseveringly pursued. 
Among a well informed peoplo, the differ¬ 
ent employments naturally tend to encour¬ 
age each other. Farming lies at the foun¬ 
dation ; and it is ontitled to the first rank, 
not because it is farming, but because it is 
indispensablo. Tho time has been when 
this noble occupation, in every part of the 
part of it from which the Jointer took its 
furrow slico, just right for the harrow and 
cultivator.to pulverize into a fine soil. 
Farmers, the first opportunity, get a Join¬ 
ter. Give it the same pitch the plow has, 
and set to work one inch more to land than 
the main plow. The point of tho Jointer _ 
should be sharp enough to cut the roots of world, was in the hands of slaves. It was 
the various grasses easily, and tho main plow then regarded as abject and unworthy of 
should have a gague wheel on it to give uni- freemen. 
form depth of furrow. I would refer all for ot - knowledge, and its attendant consequen- 
farther information, to the patentee. The ces, has brought about this great revolution. 
Jointer should, and I think will, come into Every other occupation, and all tho profes- 
general use for breaking green sward, and sions, instead of being antagonistic to the 
s . f *= „ \rr , well-being of the farmer, contribute in van 
covering up manure.— Alvin Wilcox, nest oug wayB t0 his Nation and advancement 
Bloomfield , JV. Y. Business alliance, family association, and be- 
- nevolent and religious organizations, bring 
Saving and Applying Manures. together, daily, persons engaged in sundry 
Manures. 
Friend Moore :—Much has been said in | employments, and each draws from tho otli 
regard to saving and applying manure ; not 
only tho solid but tho liquid portion seems 
to claim some attention. I have tried a 
plan differing from any that I have noticed. 
It is this:—My stables are kept well littered; 
the floor being tight so that tho liquid will 
not leak through. When tho stables aro 
cleaned, I come around with my team, 
throw on and take tho manure to tho field, 
and spread it where I want it. Having 
practiced this plan four or five years, and 
pleased with it, I would cheerfully recom¬ 
mend it to brother farmers generally.—R. 
S. Ransom, Perryville, JV. Y. 
When to Sub-soil Plow.— Inquiry .— I 
wish to inquire of you or some of your cor- 
er lessons of practical wisdom 
Whoever, in any employment, rises above 
tho common lovel, becomes in some sense 
public property. Ho sheds lustre upon all 
around him; and his neighbors more or less 
share his fame. The works of elegance and 
taste which his superior enterprise enables 
him to acquire, creates a spirit of laudablo 
emulation in the circle of his acquaintance, 
and one after another, by increased dili¬ 
gence and energy, is thereby induced to as¬ 
cend, step by step, in the great business of 
improvement. This is teaching by exam¬ 
ple. This is reducing theory to practice.— 
This also is the influence of knowledge up¬ 
on industry. No matter where knowledge 
shall come from, whether it be gleaned 
among the musty records of antiquity, or 
drawn from the store-house of modern 
thought: no matter whether it be sent forth 
in the rough, from tho cogitations and ex- 
T , , . , . respondents when is it best to use the sub- per i enc0 -of’the hardy plowman, or shot 
satisfactory. It is as large, we think, as is g()il _j ow f or w heat, tho first or last time f rom tbo burnished quiver of the scholar; 
consistent with all the other desired excel¬ 
lencies of tho domestic fowl. 
But what are the Brahmas ? And how 
immeasurable is the community imposed 
uoon. in the birds palmed off as such ! Mr 
Miner, author of the now poultry book 
(who is paramount authority,) says, “ they 
are white, with black tails and wing tips 
and a slight penciling of black in tho neck 
feathers.” We accept the description, 
is doubtless correct. But we have seen 
Brahmas sent from tho East, brown as 
partridge ;—others there aro “ steel mixed,” 
—“ pepper and salt mixture,” “silver grey” 
_white with scarce a black feather upon 
them—and others again with all the blend¬ 
ings of black and white that constitute the 
grey Shanghai, worth it may be three dol¬ 
lars the pair—and these are tho Brahmas 
for which twenty dollars are charged. It 
might bo wise for tho man whose money 
costs him anything, to wake up from this 
reverie, and know what ho buys, and of 
whom he buys. There are genuine birds of 
this breed beyond a doubt; but tho difficul¬ 
ty is to know when they aro such. What, 
except size, is their distinctive and superior 
excellence, is yet to be discovered. So far 
as uniformity and beauty of plumage is con¬ 
cerned, they bear no comparison to the ra¬ 
ven black, the pure white, and tho rich buff 
of tho Shanghai, and Cochin China. 
The late Metropolitan Show of Fowls in 
London produced great excitement. An 
English paper states, that one gentleman, 
near London, sold a pair of Cochin Chinas 
for 30 guineas, and another pair for 32 
guineas. He has been offered £20 for a 
single hen; has sold numeroas eggs at one 
guinea each, and has been paid down for 
chickens just hatched, 12 guineas the half 
dozen, to be delivered at a month old. This 
speaks largely, for the Royal Cochin Chinas. 
Hong Kong. 
plowing ? Please inform mo through the high or low, it acknowledges one universal 
Rural, and you will oblige—A Young Far- brotherhood, and moves the heart to deeds 
mer, Yates, JY. Y. 
of virtue and usefulness. 
Remarks. —We should recommend “a 
young farmer,” to uso the subsoil plow, tbe 
first time plowing, and let that “ first time ” 
be as early in the season as practicable.— 
THE AGRICULTURAL PRESS. 
Hints about Harness. 
We find the following hints on the troat- 
Care of Carts and Wagons. 
The New England Farmer has tho fol¬ 
lowing sensible remarks on the subject of 
housing and painting farm vehicles : 
It is strange what a difference there is 
among farmers with regard to the impor¬ 
tance of housing their wagons and carts.— 
Prudent, economical men, in most things, 
are wholly insensible to the great loss thoy 
experience by allowing their expensive ve¬ 
hicles to be beaten upon and soaked by tho 
storms, and checked, and shrunk by tlio 
blazing sun. 
Wagons and carts from the maker’s shop 
are seldom well-painted. Tho owner gets 
so anxious to be using his new cart, and tho 
old one seems so unbearable, that the cart 
is taken from the shop beforo the little 
openings in tho wood and tho joints are 
half filled with paint,—the farmer “ guesses 
it will do,” and away it goes to commence a 
straight-forward course to decay. A few 
days after, it rains. The cart body is soaked 
through. Thejoints absorb water and swell. 
By-and-by, when the water has dried out, 
after having been dragged about tho farm 
for several days, tho joints become loose. 
This process needs only to bo repeated a 
sufficient number of times to give you a 
heavy, rickety body, which, in a few years, 
breaks up and sends you to tho mechanic 
again. 
But the wheels aro tbe most important 
part. Upon them has the most labor been 
expended in proportion to their weight, and 
of them should the most care be taken.— 
The hubs, generally, are made of elm. Elm, 
exposed to the weather, is of short duration. 
It is used because it is difficult to split it in 
driving the spokes. White-oak hubs in¬ 
variably check and open, when uncovered 
by paint, and exposed to tho weather.— 
White-oak timber,—indeed all timber, loses 
its strength and tenacity after being again 
and again exposed to rain and air. The 
hub then grows soft, tho spokes settle into 
it a very little, and tho consequence is that 
tho tiro is loose, and tho blacksmith’s aid is 
needed. 
A wagon loft out of doors will in a few 
years become a spongy, heavy mass, un¬ 
profitable to use. As proof of tbe correct¬ 
ness of these remarks, wo know of a farmer 
who has run down threo sets of wheels by 
exposure, and not by work, while another 
has a pair of wheels perfectly sound, built a 
year or two beforo his neighbor’s first pair. 
In tho first case tho wheels have never boon 
housed, winter nor summer; but have been 
loft by tho road-sido, as if impregnablo as 
the stone wall to injury from the weather. 
In tho other case the cart has boen uniform¬ 
ly housed, and always well painted. It must 
be very intelligible to the reader which is 
tho wiser course. 
The sub-soil plow is used for the purpose of ment of carriage and working harness, in 
breaking up the stiff soil below the reach of the Zanesville Aurora, but do not know 
This lower strata is whether credit is properly due to that pa- 
rer or not: 
the common plow, 
rich in many of tho essentials of good crops, 
and only needs breaking and pulverizing so 
as to allow the roots of grain and plants to 
penetrate it and draw therefrom a more 
rich and abundant supply of what is neces¬ 
sary to sustain vegetable life, and perfect 
the grain. 
We should plow early while the ground 
is yet moist, (not wot,) that it might be done 
with less labor, the plowing bo deeper and 
tho work moro thoroughly performed. 
Another reason would be that the rains of 
summer might permeate tho sub-soil, and 
render it moro mellow, thus enabling tho 
For several years past, wo have adopted 
the following "plan of treating Carriage 
Harness, with so much comfort and success, 
that we have concluded to recommend it to 
you for working and carriage harness. 
The whole thing may bo comprised in a 
few words. “With hot water, soap, brush¬ 
es and scrapers, make your harness perfect¬ 
ly clean. Next saturate with oil; lastly, a 
water proof elastic polish and blacking. ’ 
For your information, we detail to you 
how wo go about accomplishing these re¬ 
sults :—Select somo afternoon with a pros¬ 
pect of a fair day following. Take your 
harness and take it to pieces, as far as you 
can unbuckle it. Put them into a tub or 
tender roots to reach down into its rich u arr0 l, a nd pour boiling soap suds over them 
stores of organic and mineral manures. If an d let them stand all night. In the morn- 
it was desired to drain land by breaking up ing take a stiff brush, or corn c °bs, °r somo 
thing else ot tho same sort, ana 
The brightness of the plow-share will 
prove a bettor security to our republican 
institutions than all the windy patriotism 
of long speeches in Congress. 
the subsoil, the earlier in tho season the 
work was done, the more effectually would 
tho end be attained. 
Paint for Brick Houses. —A correspon 
dent of tho Ohio Farmer has used a cheap 
and very durable paint for the exterior of 
brick dwellings, which has already stood 
several years, and is now quite as fresh as 
when first applied. It consists simply of 
limewash, with sulphate of zinc as a fixing 
ingredient. Any requisite shade is given by 
adding the colors used by house-painters..— 
a clear and rich cream color may be obtain¬ 
ed by applying yellow ochre to the common 
new brick; a livelier and warmer shado will 
bo added by a little Venetian red. Burnt 
sienna may likewise be used. This paint is 
far cheaper than oil paint, costs but little 
more than common whitewash, and nothing 
will remove it but the severest friction. 
Inveterate youth is one of the worst in¬ 
firmities of age. 
with a 
smooth board in place of a wash board, with 
fresh water and soap, rub tho coat ol gieaso 
and dirt off oach side of tho leather. Some¬ 
times it is necossary to use a dull old knife 
to scrape with. Pass each strap through a j 
second clean water, and hang up on a line, 
exposed to the sun. As soon as they begin 
to dry, begin to oil them. Neat’s foot oil 
is best, but fish oil will do very well. Make 
a brush by wrapping some flannel round a 
stick and tying it with thread, dip this in tho 
oil, and pass over both sides. As it dries in, 
go over them again and again, until they 
will absorb no more oil. Let them 6tay out 
over night. 
In the morning, if they aro all soft and 
pliable, you may proceed to apply a var¬ 
nish. If not, put on moro oil until they do 
get soft and pliable. 
Tho polish is made as follows : take a pint 
of fish or neat’s foot oil, add four ounces 
of beeswax, four ounces clean beef tallow, 
one ounce rosin, and an ounce of lamp 
black. Melt;—whon melted, add about 
Spring Irrigation. 
From a communication to tho New York 
Farmer we copy the following seasonable 
paragraphs: 
What are the circumstances which admit 
of the introduction of irrigation in our ag¬ 
ricultural operations? Not certainly where 
largo expenditures in damming aud turning 
streams will be required, and still less where 
machinery is needed to accomplish tho re¬ 
sult. There aro, however, hundreds of 
farmers whose lands are traversed by small 
streams, which are entirely within their con¬ 
trol, and may bo used with very little expense 
to the owner, for promoting tho fertility of 
adjoining lands. Such are the small brooks, 
streams meandering though our farms, and 
carrying with them the elements of fertility 11 
for various crops, but more especially for 
the different grasses. 
As a proof of the benefits to bo derived 
from irrigation in a small way, I may men¬ 
tion an example which fell under my notico 
several years ago. A small stream crossed 
tho road near the house, and on tho larm 
of a poor farmer, and wound its way down 
to the lowest part of a meadow lying by the 
road side. By constructing a very slight 
dam just below tho road, the whole stream 
or a part as might bo desired, was turned 
at pleasure through a flood gate, and con¬ 
veyed along an artificial channel near tho 
road for a considerable distance,from which 
it was allowed to discharge at numerous 
side openings, and to flow gently and even¬ 
ly over the meadow, and find its way gradual¬ 
ly to the bed of the stream below. 
‘ Tho months of April or May were geno- 
rallv selected for tho process, and until the 
grass became too large, the ground was 
pretty well deluged with water, and although 
in other rospects poorly cultivated, and on 
other parts of tho field not at all productive, 
hero produced on tho irrigated parts uni¬ 
formly a heavy crop of hay. That it was 
the result of irrigation did not admit ot a 
doubt. Tho whole exponse was not five dol¬ 
lars, and probably after the first outlay of 
labor, less than threo dollars per year, while 
tho result was several tons ot good hay in 
addition to the ordinary crop. 
