MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper 
CONDUCTED BY D. D, T. MOOSE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORES OK ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to ho unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub¬ 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter — 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav¬ 
ings— than any other paper published in tins Country. 
CTI?” For Terms, &c., see last page. 
|ltmd llxfo-fktier. 
Progress and Improvement. 
CULTIVATION OF CORN. 
The cultivation of Indian corn is of 
growing importance. The increased de¬ 
mand for exportation, its valuablo qualities 
as food for both man and beast, the large 
crops obtained under good cultivation, and 
consequently tho profit arising therefrom, 
render it one of the favorite crops of tho 
American husbandman. It is in our system 
of agriculture, what, perhaps, tho turnip is 
to tho Englishman’s, both renovators and 
improvers of tho soil, and hence, improvers 
of the herds and flocks, and their masters. 
We have recently read an Essay on 
the cultivation of this crop, for which the 
first premium of the Michigan State Agri¬ 
cultural Socioty was awarded to J. F. 
Chubb, Esq., one of the most successful ag¬ 
riculturists of Kent county, Michigan. Mr. 
Choke writes from actual experience, and 
that of many years standing; henco his 
views are the more to be relied on, as they 
are amply sustained by his works and tho 
fruits thereof. Thinking the essay contains 
muck of interest to all producers of this 
cereal, wo propose to condense therefrom, 
for tho benefit of tho RuRAL-ists. 
Mr. Chubb, says: ‘-'Although there is a 
greater certainty attending its production, 
than that of almost any other kind of grain 
crop, and although it will adapt itself to al¬ 
most any sort of soil, both as to kind and 
quality, yet there are two important requi¬ 
sites to its profitable cultivation. The first 
is a soil adapted to its growth—tho second, 
that tho crop be well fed and cultivated.— 
The soil, then, should be rather light and 
dry, mado rich with manure, if not naturally 
so, for, although it will grow on land rather 
poor, it nevertheless is an enormous feedor. 
Ordinarially it costs as little, if not less, to 
cultivate a good crop with suitable land 
properly cultivated, as it does a poor crop, 
under other circumstances. Thus, the man 
who gets 32 bushels per acre, reckoning it 
at 37£ cents a bushel, and the cost of culti¬ 
vation and uso of land at $12 per acre, 
(which it need not exceed,) barely gets a 
compensation for his labor and pay for the 
uso of his land. Whatever, then, the pro¬ 
duct falls short of this, is an absolute loss, 
and whatovor it may exceed, is a nett gain. 
Suppose then, one man gets only 25 bushels 
per aero, (which is too often the ease,) he 
loses upon this estimate $11, 8S, upon a field 
of five acres; while he who raises 80 bushels 
per acre, (as any one may and ought to do,) 
realizes a nett profit of $90, or a clear profit 
of $18 per acre.” 
The soil, thon, should be light and dry. 
which embraces those denominated sandy, 
gravelly, and loamy. Corn will not succeed 
well on wet or stiff soils. Tho roots extend 
to a great depth, and the soil must bo loose 
to admit of their free extension. Tho ma- 
nuro used, may be of almost any kind, such 
as barn-yard and stable dung, plaster of Pa¬ 
ris (sulphato of lime,) and ashes. The first 
two should be applied plentifully, and thor¬ 
oughly mixed with the soil. Tho latter are 
usually applied as a top dressing to the crop 
when first up. Long, unfermented manure 
is to be preferred. It decomposes as the 
wants of tho plant require, while its me¬ 
chanical operation in rendering the soil light 
and porous, is beneficial to tho crop. But 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. - SATURDAY, APRIL 30, 1853. 
this may have its exceptions on very light seed, that in his opinion more is lost than is 
sandy soils, naturally inclined to bo too light gained, especially if the soil be in the right 
and dry. A farther argument in favor of condition for the reception of the seed.— 
unfermented manure, is that whilo it con- Tho cheapest method is in hills rowed 
tinues to afford fresh nutriment to tho roots straight each way, which admits of cultiva- 
of tho corn, till it has matured, it is in its ting with horso power each wav, thus sav- 
placo to benofit tho succeeding crop, and is ing nearly all hand hoeing. Enough should 
nearly as beneficial to it as if permitted to be planted in each hill to insure four stalks, 
remain in the open yard. Mr. Chubb ap- to which number each hill should bo reduced 
plies with tho best of success, as a top dress- at the hoeing. The after culture is to keep 
ing, a compound of ono part plaster, one of tho earth light and loose, and entirely free 
slaked lime, and two parts of good ashes, from weeds,—no hilling up, but open and 
at tho rato of a half gill to the hill, imme- smooth. In this matter, time must bo ta- 
diately after the corn is above the ground, ken by the forelock, and tho cultivator kept 
or sufficiently so to follow the rows readily, passing through as often as necessary, to 
The time when applied is not of so much effect the objects just mentioned. The 
importance to the growth of the crops as preparation of lime, ashos, and plaster, he 
either of tho ingredients. The best prepa- has found to be very serviceable in checking 
ration for corn, he considers, is a green- tho labors of the cut worm, 
sward of clover or grass, well covered with Ilis plan of harvesting, is that of cutting 
long manure, neatly plowed to tho depth of close up by tho roots, as soon as tho ear is 
ten inches, and completely turned under.— fairly glazed. But of his method and that 
Ho finds the best plow for this purpose, to of saving his seed, in which ho has been 
bo the double plow, tho forward ono cutting very successful, and by which ho has also 
and inverting the turf, while the hinder one increased its productiveness, wo may here- 
throws up the under soil and completely after speak when it shall be more in season, 
covers the turf with a loose and. light sur- --- 
i WHOLE NO. 
A’ 
faco of clean earth. After the plowing, a “ 0E FARMING 
roller is passed over and followed by a har- » , i 
, 1 . . „ , J A few months ago, a man who had 
row lengthwise ot the furrows. The time r „ . 
& ; been a tarmer from ms early life, came 
MR. BURNET’S IMPORTED STALLION, “CONSTERNATION.” 
for tho performance of those operations 
must depend upon the nature of the soil.— 
to the city to buy stoves to sell again.— 
Said he to the stove-dealer, “ the weevil be- 
If day, it is advantageously done in tho fall, gins t0 inf(J3t whoat> am , a „ thi CQn _ 
but he prefers the spring generally, and as sidorod , j am . tirod of fanning,’and so 
near tno tune of planting as convenient.- have „, d farm - Tho st0Te d6atei . re . 
The harrowing, at least, should immediately marke(lj that ho thought within himsoIf> ftat 
11G . ^ “ nt J ng ' ,. ^ P rocc ^°^ ’’i a just as like as not the discontented farmer 
died crop, ho prefers furrowing the rows w#oM g nd a weovil in the heart of the new 
three mches deep, and for the smaller kinds business _ and 30 it proye a, for when tho 
H feet apart. On a sod ground, tho rows davarriyed on which the notl . matucod giv . 
to bo marked superficially and the corn 0 „>„ r tbe stoves, the old farmer, now turn- 
to bo marked superficially and the corn 
planted at or near the surface. Tho rows ed tradc confessed that he had not 
shou.d bo carefully made straight, both bcon aMo t0 3oll ]lis store3 _ that bo had 
ways, for on this depends much of the fa- most of thom on hand 
c.hty .ndeaso,as well as the cheapness of «Tiredoffarming,”themostindepondent 
the after culture. I he old proverb of more u • . , 1 .. 
. ... . , / , business a man can engage in, because, lor- 
hiils growing in a crooked row should be ,, ,, , ’ 
, .. . , sooth, there are disappointments, and per- 
entirelv discarded. , ... , . . , rr , x . a r , 
™ „ , ,. ... . plesities, and trials, and vexations, attend- 
Ihetimoof planting will vary in differ- • x> u i ,, 
. t j . J . ing it. Remember, you who are tillers ot 
ent districts, and m different years, in the . , . ,, , 
.. . . , J ’ the son, that your cares and troubles and 
same district. I he ground must bo suffi- . ,. c , , 
. ,, , , anxieties are few and far between, compared 
ciently warm and dry to insure a speedy .i ^ , 
... „ , J , . ... , with those suffered by commercial men.— 
germination. Natural vegetation affords T ,. , , , . , 
f. . . If your chances to become rich are not so 
fhn cnrflcf cmna 77 An /xl,l mlz, ^ * 
the surest 
An old rule is. 
“When oaks look grey, 
Then plant away.” 
inviting and profitable, as those of the 
tradesman, bear in mind that the dangers 
Another sure guide is, when tho apple bursts of ^ ver y P 00r and destitute are far less 
its blossom buds, which is from the 15th to 
the 25th of May. Any time in May will 
usually succeed, as the early varieties rc- 
Famine and abject poverty seldom overtake 
tho farmer, or haunt him in their ghostly 
visits. He lives on the high table-land of 
quire but 90 to 100 days to mature from tho rising far above the murky region 
seed. Reference must be had to the soil wunt and destitution. His children can 
and latitude, in selecting the kind of seed thero is bread enou § h in our fafchor ’ s 
-the small eight-rowed varieties being pre- houso ’ and a P ieco s P are to the hun S r y 
forable on the heavier soils, or in frosty loca- °* ofcber ^ ess toi ’ tunate callings, 
tions. Under other circumstances many “ Tired of farming!” Supposing you are. 
prefer the larger and later varieties, as tho What is t0 be done in such a caso ? Do y° u 
Dent corn. Mr. Chubb has himself been ox P ec ^ an employment without trials 
most successful, with what he terms the “red 
blaze white corn,” which is an early, eight- 
and perplexities ? If so, you are doomed 
to disappointment. There is no vocation in 
rowed flint variety, small in growth of stalks, tins world that will exempt those who en- 
but under proper tillage and on proper soil, S a S° therein, from cares and fears and vex- 
readily yielding from 75 to 100 bushels.— a tions. So it you aro tired of farming, the 
These have been his usual yields for a num- bcs ^ wa y res t e d just as soon as you 
ber of yoars. can » anc * prosecute anew tho business for 
In contrast, tho writer adduces his crop which y ou were earl y trained, and which, 
of tho previous year, a field of ten acres, ^ diligently followed, will yield a good sup¬ 
planted on clover sod, and which, under his °* ad tbe I10cessar ies and comforts of 
own management, yielded a return of 80 
bushels to tho acre. Tho field has been in 
cultivation 12 years without manuro, but in : 
grass a part of the timo. But one crop of 
corn had boon raised on it before, and that 
life, together with opportunities for mental 
and moral culture.—w. 
Plowing. —There is a marked difference 
in the work of different plows, as regards 
the state in which the inverted soil is left 
' vaS I daai * :od °n shares, the plowing by them; whether light and porous, or com- 
(poorly done.) but four mches deep and in- ^ ct and h whether flttcd for tho seed 
differently hoed and cultivated, lhe culti- j- . i , 
J . or needing much harrowing to prepare it. 
a . or neeamg muen narrowing to prepare it. 
v»t,on was actually more expens,vo than on A plow tluU not only turn3 oyor £o; , but 
■s crop t o prev ious > oai . tlIli J ot t ,f -‘ which in so doing cracks and disturbs nearly 
ttixvLI eroo Kill- Of; V.iioKvxir. a „„„ ° J 
yield was but 25 bushels. A striking con¬ 
trast, suroly, botween thorough tillage and 
that done only at halves. 
all portions of tho same, evidently does the 
best and most thorough work. Ono which 
turns lapped furrows, does this, also, better 
xYlr. Chubb has tried various preparations ., , . , . f 
~ , . , , , , .. , , \ 1 ,, than ono which tui-ns a fiat, smooth furrow, 
for his seed, but has discarded thom all, ex-_ _ _ _ _ _ 
cept that ot tar, when ho wishes to prevent He who encourages young men in tho 
tho depredations of squirrels and birds.— pursuit of agriculture is doing a good work 
1 ho various processes, unless very skillfully for tho morals of society a hundred years 
done, aro so apt to injure tho vitality of the hence. 
BLOOD HORSES. 
We republish this portrait in order to give 
a valuablo articlo accompanying it in the 
Wool Grower and Stock Register for April. 
Besides, many thousand new readers have 
been added since its former appearance : 
Above we give the portrait of Consternation,— 
a. splendid blood horse, owned by J. B. Burnet, 
ot Syracuse, N. Y. Consternation was imported 
from England in 1845, at the age of four years ; 
and claims in the line of his immediate ancestry. 
Sir Peter Teazel, High Flyer, King Herod, Flying 
Childers, and English Eclipse—the most celebra¬ 
ted and splendid horses that ever trode the Eng¬ 
lish turf. In color, he is a beautiful dappled 
brown; in height, 15 hands 3 inches; is strong, 
stout, full built, and exhibits in his form the rare 
combination of the fineness and finish of the 
English blood horse, with the size, bone and muscle 
needed in the horse of all work. He is perfectly 
genteel, correct and graceful in all his movements, 
and fleet in all his gaits—walking at the rate of 
nearly five miles the hour. 
We have presented him in this No., unsolicited, 
and without the knowledge of his proprietor, in 
order to recommend to the farmer who intends to 
raise colts, a resort to the high bred, and pure 
blood horse. 
It is altogether a mistaken policy, for the farmer 
to resort to the half blood and medium quality 
horse, because of the comparatively low price 
charged for service. A resort to the blood horse, 
at an extra charge of five or ten dollars, will be 
just as likely to produce a colt worth, at four years 
old, one hundred and fifty dollars, as a resort to 
the part blood horse at a reduced price would he, 
to produce a colt worth $75, at the same age.— 
Now every item of expense, during the whole 
term of four years would be the same, except the 
small extra charge in file beginning. 
The objection often made by farmers to the 
English and American race horses, that they have 
been bred for fleetness and not for work, and are 
consequently too light and slender, cannot he 
sustained in the present case. His sire and dam 
were large and powerful; and his own weight is 
1,200 lbs. Beauty of form, vigor of constitution, 
with power, speed and endurance, when united in 
oue horse, justly entitle him to the reputation of 
perfection in his kind. Except that the artist 
may have given him a greater length of neck than 
file original would justify, we know of no horse, 
in whom these traits are blended in a higher de¬ 
gree, than the one of whom we are speaking.— 
His colts will be superior; aud from mares of 
good size will make splendid matched horses, of 
high value for carriage horses for the city markets. 
For tliis purpose they should be reared, however 
promising they may he, and not to be reserved as 
stallions. The product of a horse and mare, both 
half blood, will be as likely to be characterized by 
the imperfections of their dams, as by the excel¬ 
lencies of their she, and perhaps more so. Half 
blood and three-fourth blood fillies bred to the full 
blood home, may be expected to draw largely upon 
the valuable characteristics of the full blood sire. 
It is a great error in the practice of common 
farmers, to neglect their colts the first winter.— 
They are often required to shirk in the open yards, 
with young cattle, on coarse and insufficient food. 
They are thus injured in size, in form, in the proper 
development of their just proportions, and never 
reach the mark to which they would attain, were 
they housed, aud well attended and well fed. The 
greatest care should be taken of them the first 
winter, as their entire character afterwards will he 
affected thereby. They should not be suffered to 
eat from the ground, but should stand at the rack, 
thus inducing an habitual and proper elevation of 
the head and neck. 
Every farmer should have one, if not a pair, of 
likely brood mares. Fine horses are valuable and 
will ever be so. A brood mare if prudently man¬ 
aged, can work nearly the whole year, and thus 
be a double source of profit to the owner. 
In our next number we propose to speak of the 
beautiful and finished Morgans, as pleasure horses 
and roadsters. 
LIQUID MANURES. 
APPENDIX TO MR. RF.DPATH’s ESSAY. 
Friend Moore: —In answer to yours of 
the 22 d ultimo, regarding an explanation of 
the calculations in tho report given of Mr. 
Bell’s farm, on page 87, of the Rural, I 
have to premise that an error occurs in the 
printed copy which I transmitted to you.— 
Tho paragraph, when corrected, would be 
as follows : 
“ Ou tho other hand, two acres of Italian 
rye grass, cut and manured six times, will 
support 10 cows, whoso produce at £4 each, 
will be £40. But deduct from this the fol¬ 
lowing expenses. 
1. Cost of 16cwt. of guano,. £~ 12 0 
2. Cutting grass for 10 cows daily, at Is. 6d,. 13 10 0 
3. Interest on capital at 7-1 per cent.,. 4 0 0 
Expenses on two acres,.25 20 
Produce as above,. 40 0 0 
Profit on two acres,.£14 18 0 
But this is not all. Some account must bo 
had of the solid manure of the cows, which 
the field gets when pastured on, and which 
by Mr. Bell’s arrangements ai-e appropri¬ 
ated to other crops. Tho value of this solid 
manure Mr. Bell estimates at 7s. to 8 s. for 
each cow during six months, which seems a 
very moderate estimate, and if it be taken, 
the return per acre under the former sys¬ 
tem, would be only £l 16s. 6 d., whilst un¬ 
der the system of irrigation and piping, it 
would be £8 7s. 9d., showing a profit of £6 
11s. 3d. per acre.” 
Your correspondent, Mr. R. of Va., mis¬ 
understands the mattor. by taking undiluted 
for diluted manure. The matter, as it ap¬ 
pears to me, stands thus : 
gallons. 
Five cows give in 6 months (45UX5) 2,250 gallons 
pure liquid, which when diluted,. 10.000 
Guano, diluted in water at the rate of 3,000 gallons 
per ewt., will give for each acre (3,000X16).. 49,000 
But as the experiment is made ou 2 acres, there¬ 
fore this must be doubled,. 48.000 
Total of liquid, as per report, required for manur¬ 
ing the 2 acres,.106,000 
Now let us see how this agrees with a for¬ 
mer part of tho report where it is said, that, 
“after each cutting the manuro is poured 
over the ground at tho rato of 3,000 gallons 
per acre, diluted with three or four times 
its quantity in water. 3,000x3=9,000 gal¬ 
lons diluted, which multiplied by six, the 
number of cuttings=108,000, which is near 
enough for all practical purposes, and 
agrees pretty noarly with the required total 
as given above. 
