MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND EAMTT.Y NEWSPAPER. 
(Drtfarft anfo (barton. 
TRIMMING And SETTING SHADE TREES. 
CANVASS HOUSES FOR PLANTS. 
Those who wish to set large trees (more Among tho modern improvements in 
especially sugar maple,) should trim them plant-growing their summer treatment un- __ 
, c ., . , , .., , der canvass may bo reckoned the greatest, 
r.hn vo.nr hntnrn tnp.v wish tn sor. r.hp.m • n.rm , . . , J ’ 
PEARS ON QUINCES-ONCE MORE. the year before they wish to set them; and and although n 3 0t generally adopted, must 
the best time for that purpose is undoubt- L 0) an( j w jji | )0j by those who can afford it. 
In our last article on this subject, we ha edlyjust before the loaves put out. The It must be admitted that the most difficult 
planted our trooand loft it. .No faithei ap- obiection against settim* forest trees period ot a plants treatment is after it has 
plication of tho knife will bo required until 
great objection against setting forest trees period 
plication of the knife will bo required until ■ that the t height they grow in their Jone blowing, and is making its growth.- 
the succeeding spring. Tho trees must not, natural sta f e makes them cumbersome to Ia tho bouse lfc 13 drawn ; in the garden it 
. , 1 ,, 6 , (, ., ^ * natuldl stat0 > makes tnem cumooisome to su ff ers from sun, wet, or wind; m a pit it is 
however, be forgotten. Aftor the ne side m0 vo and liable to dio after planting out, little better. But having seen in an ama- 
, l ft ii \ r, ,i 8UUOIO UUUl Ovilla WUL j VY1UU, 111 cl Jit It IS 
however, be forgotten. After t e no e m0 vo and liable to dio after planting out, little bettor. But having seen in an ama- 
slioots have attained considerable length, and ren( j ers difficult to obtain those that tour’s garden a canvass house, with a roll- 
examino them, and if any ono pushes out aro of the right shapo to gofc> Thig difficul . ing roof, and tho sides composed of canvass 
beyond its fellows, and appears to be getting t y can be obviated by going into the forest flaps 0r blinds, which could be proped out 
tho advantage of tho rest, and appropriating ith , , A . squaio, and in ono ot the most broiling af- 
, . ;. .. . , . , . , , . tn a saw ’ an selecting thoso that can be ternoons ot tho summer, finding this house 
oo muc i o tie nourisimen w nc 0U S 1 easily moved, saw off tho whole top, say cool and airy, and the plants fresh and vig- 
to bo divided fairly among the whole, nip off f rom g ; x to ten feet f rom tbo g roundj or ac _ orous, I was struck with tho simplicity of 
its head with thumb and finger and teach it cording to tasto and lot thom gtand til the contrivance and tho superiority of the 
better manners. If tho limbs aro stretching ^ plan over all others tor tho summer treat- 
mif fn orMt lon „ th w : thout sido shoots the next spring. The roots not being d.s- , ne nt of plants. In this house were camel- 
‘ ^ ® . . „ , turbod, they will throw out vigorous shoots lias, heaths, hard wooded Botany Bay plants, 
pinch off two or three inc ics o le on . around ^e t op 0 f tbo gtub —h ea j ovor tbe cac ti 0 ut 0 f bloom, Indian and hybrid azali- 
This is not to bo dono before July. wound and form quite a top the same season. as > rhododendrons, and, in short, the turn 
This mode of pruning may be practiced If taken up and set out at the samo timo ° Ut °- f aU % h + ? uses J llG f? vo ’, aEd h 
.ftorvoa™ , x ’ was impossible they could be doing better. 
1 1 ‘A . " • • j. i ° n ° ‘ l b loast , W1 dl ° in s P I * ;o a H of- The foliage was green and healthy everv 
But tho principal piumng is to bo per- fort to save them. And those that do sur- thing well set, and all that could be wished, 
formed early in the spring. Shorten every rive, w m so ldom mako handsome tops, for The day was calculated to show off tho ex¬ 
branch, putting in tho knife opposite, and a the reason that boforo tho roots catch’suf- Gellonco of th ® , hous ? j tbe , rolling top was 
little bolow. a bud, and bringing it out a little fi c i 0 nt to sustain and keen the of nKs crr oar , d0W u oa S1< ^° am bait down on the oth- 
. .. 5 t x xu • i. * u sustain ana keep the stubs green, or , tho blinds were proped out horizontally, 
above tho samo. Let the instrument bo they will dio down some inches from tho top, so that there was all tho air that was stir- 
keen, and do the work with ono clean cut. and tho bark separate from the wood, at tho an< f 110 sun - ^bo paths were damp, 
Tho northermost limbs aro to bo loft tho po i n t most desired for tho shoots to’spring having been watered in tho morning, and 
longest, and tho others cut more and more f rom . i t j s true that some will die by los ^ tGD J perature f was mac b Io ' v P r than 
closely as you advance upwards, and the inf . their tops alono , without boi „ g ”} ^a, noTht^noro 
loador shortened. The sap naturally finds p a t the number is small, and thoro is one than in June to turn out into this house ev- 
and nourishes tho higher parts of tho tree, consolation respecting such; there has been ^ thing that had done flowering, to con- 
and unless tho number of buds on those „ 0 labor expended in moving them to some ^ U6 - adcl . ir }S tho summer every thing as 
portions bo diminished, tho bottom branches other place to dio 3 Ifc b' lis b°d lts bloom according to the weath- 
1 , . i . , . ill- ^ er, to close or open tho houso, which when 
aro deprived of t ion c uo s aie, and decline I have practiced this method for some the roof was rolled up, and the blinds prop- 
from lack of sustonanco. It is, therefore, years and seldom loso a tree after setting. C( f out > was to plant the same as out of 
necessary to guard against this ovil by a Sugar maple is considered by some to bo a doors ’ but when closod up on the sides > and 
proper treatment of tho tree while in its slow grower, but with good ground and cul- J h e top cloth let down was warm : in dull 
“ heading process urns, tur0 , S (wllic ,; lhoy s„f dom L°™) b ut fel noSp cutlingATnds 'then,; 
bo repeated each spung. kinds can boat them. I have some that because the blinds and roof were always 
If a troe bo too upright and compact, were treated as abovo, and set two years, b° pt down on tho windy side in thoso cases, 
leave tho bud on tho outward side, and so this April, that have handsome tops the ^ not aP rounc b They never required half 
, , ., , , r. .1 , i tp i u u ■ . „ F ’ the water, and so close was the house when 
lead the branches away from tho trunk. If branches being over six feet long. I am do- shut, that, in case of being troubled with tho 
it spreads too much, cut from the outside cidedly partial towards sugar maples for aphides, it could be fumigated as woll ncar- 
to an inward bud, and throw the shoot to- shade trees. They aro second to but few ly as in a houso of glass. I must say that 1 
wards tho body. If two branches diverge as thrifty growers, and to none for beauty v i ew this little improvement in practice as a 
so as to leave a wide open space between for cleanliness and freeness from all kinds s^ntt^edTpUc^Z 
them, tnen prune in such a mannoi as to of insects and disease. They are second to summering our plants, the best are poor se- 
send tho now growth from tho sides into this nono for durability, hardiness and long life curities against brown foliage, scorching or 
space. —for their capability to withstand tho tern- (lri PP in g> damage of tho young wood, or dis- 
Thoso directions,—mero hints on tho dif- pest, and last, but not least, they are second a PP omtm ® nt at th ,° moment of setting for 
ficult art of pruning,— may serve to guide to nono for their sweetness ; and I would b 00m - ~ an cners Chrome e. 
some learner into tho right way, and lead sooner vote for a tax of fifty cents upon DWARFING FRUIT TREES 
him to examine, think and practice for him- every man that should neglect to sot out - 
self. one troo a year, than I would for the same TnE F^ch have a method of cultivating 
Some sort of pears, on quincos, aro dis- amount, for the present, or any other rnili- < l war i f ( ra: ‘ fc troes ’ °. r trces whicb bave been 
, . „ .. . , __ 1 5 J x xxixii chnntnn hv a. nnrfc i.m nrnnn cc whmh Ann ^ 
DWARFING FRUIT TREES. 
Some sort of pears, on quincos, aro dis- amount, for the present, or a: 
posed to bear fruit at an early age. This tary system in time of peace, 
disposition ought not to be indulged. The 
welfare of tho tree requires that tho fruit Palmyra, N. Y., April is, 1853. 
bo picked off as soon as it is sot, or what is GRAFTING OLD TREES_MA 
proforablo, tho blossoms clipped before -■ 
they expand, and no fruit allowed to mature, Friend Moore: —Being a 
or at most only a single specimen, until af- y° ur paper, I tho’t to give yo 
tor three years from tho planting. And wo (d gr^-Iting and making wax. 
i I would for the same ^ nE French have a method of cultivating 
nnf ' *i* dwarf fruit troes, or trees which have been 
ont, or any other mill- Btlmted by a certain process, which ono of 
ot peace. their writers describe as follows : 
A. Tanner. “ Young trees are to be treated in the 
\ IS53 - _ following manner :—If there aro more than 
p-pci MsvTiirr wav three shoots on the plant, reduce them to 
EES.— MAKING WAX. that numborj and s i{ orte ’ each to three> 
Being a subscriber to ^ u L 0 r s ix eyes, according to their strength. 
. I he following season, reduce the number of 
GRAFTING OLD TREES-MAKING WAX. 
Friend Moore 
■ . . j tun’* luiiuwuiy BOiisuii, iuuuuo tiio uumoGr or 
or at most only a single specimen, until af- ^ Ul P a P er > 1 J hot to give you my method i ead i ng sho ots to six, and shorten them to 
tor three years from tho planting. And wo ot g ra Jt in g and making wax. In grafting three-fourths of thoir length, and spur in 
advise to thin tho fruit evory yoar after- cdd t roGS j I graft all which need it at the remaining shoots. The treo should be 
wards, that tho tree bo not exhausted by ono time, taking limbs of from ono to two managed in every respect in this manner, un- 
over-bearing. Tho thinning will have tho !“*“ ‘ hrough ’ “ d "°?° *° graft of 
effect to give specimens of superior life and tno ncxt y° ai - An this wa y> A have man- von ienco of the owner or conductor of tho 
finer quality. aged for tho last six yoars, and have had garden. I mako a point of letting the trees 
Brief suggestions in another number, in good success. I trim off what limbs remain fake thoir natural form of growth, as far as 
relation to kinds which succeed on this tho following spring; in that way the scions s y sAona described will admit ; for I con- 
stock, will conclude our remarks on this take the sap and grow rapidly. The old giyenVo the tree,^provldedmy eid^s attein- 
subject. way ot grafting a little at a timo, and so be ed; that is, to mako every branch, as it were 
-- two or three years boforo you finish a troo a l° n g spur, with bearing buds from the ex- 
PROPAGATION OF FINE ROSES. j n my opinion, is a bad way. You never tromifc y to tho base.” 
x „ ..an o-ot o-nn.t anrl nnifn-n, o T 1 ifc asserted by both Fronchand English 
It may not bo known to many of our *= ® and uniform a top. I have wr itors, that trees so stunted are not so 
readers, that tho fine roses of tho China va- dt ops t third yoar, nearly as large as much exposed to injury by high winds, that 
rieties, may bo roadily propagated by means boforo grafting, and boaring quito as well, they produce hotter fruit, boar earlier and 
of slips. Cut from the well ripened wood Now ’ as to m y wa y of maki ng grafting more abundantly, and occupy less space.- 
slips three or four inches in length, strip off WM - 1 sil P»«» ■>"» part bees- 
.tor the fi.ii.oo , ‘-’,i ‘ wax, and one pint linseed oil. This makos fff d l 0 .U S “fi s .'rl h :,,. Tho ;PP'».»o‘to n 
a part of the foliage and insert them in 
clean white sand, placed in pots or boxes. 
Keep thom regularly watered, so that they 
may not get too dry, and at a regular mod- 
wax, and one pint linseed oil. This makes inoculatod on th * Para dise oi-Linstock, 
a wax that wul spread in cool or warm the peach on a slow-growing plum, and the 
weather, without the use of cold or warm pear on the quince. We have seon large 
water, and is far bettor for preserving and P ears on trees not more than five feet high, 
healing tho stub. I havo used other Ui'nffc l b ? tops °* wb i cb were not possessed ot suf- 
orato temperature. They strike root very beabng tho stub ’ 1 ba ve used other kinds, ficien t P sh-ength to^stein^hdr’weight “of 
freely. Somo practice covering thom with b fc bnd ’j 0110 80 g°°d as tho above. fruit without tho assistance of props." This 
a bell glass, but thoso of most experience ^ tron a, N -Y-. Apni, 18 jo. _Frank. is a common result whore somo variotios of 
do not consider tho practice necessary. tvtr errRenTTn tbe pear aro so ^ ! n fi 11 * 1100 stocks. The wri- 
HORTICULTURAL ITEMS. 
a bell glass, but those of most experience ’ ' ’’ p ’ lJu ' _ Frank. is a common result whore somo varieties of 
do not consider tho practice necessary. t he curcutto ^ be pear aro so ^ * n fi 11 ” 100 stocks. The wri- 
T _. , \ ter abovo quoted says: 
Ladies may also propagate any of tho DetT^ornmnni,^ “ Two or throe y ears ’ trial of this mothod 
choice roses desired, by budding in tho same „. . ’ ’ un cates the only might deter many from a continuance 
manner fruit trees are budded. It adds ° owin S thl '° tbo Albany Cultivator: 0 f it, in consequonce of tho young wood 
much to the beauty of tho hardy climbers, Her0 is a remedy for tho curculio, which J hich ' vil1 bo produced yearly at first, and 
„ „ • , , , , proved entirely successful in the garden of from the apparent difficulty of getting rid 
to have the mam trunk varogated with U of our citizens. of the superfluity. But that inconvenience 
branches of roses, of different shades of As soon as tho fruit began to form, and wd l b 0 uterly surmounted if the foregoing 
coloring. Wo strongly commend tho prac- fb 0 curculios wmre found to bo about the instructions aro attended to, and tho conse- 
tico to thoso who would thus adorn tho troes, ho took a barrel of air-slakod lime in- q u00 ce will bo tho possession of both 
shrubbery of the homestead. + f? thG S ardoi b and with a large shovel threw healthy and fruitful trees.” 
__limo among tho trees, covering them-——--- 
completely, and to use his own expression, Cultivate Grapes. — Wo cannot too 
OlU CULTURAL ITEMS. “ making a perfect smudge.” At this they strongly urge upon all who have even a 
Eariy oval Rose Radsh—Wo found HmoCoverod^frai! “T? patch ° f gr0und - tho im P» rtan “ 
this vegetable — for soeds of which wo aro in a few instances, but they appeared rest- c . lvating grapes. It can be dono at very 
iudobted to tho kindness of Messrs. Ell wan- loss and uneasy, and soon all left. Along oxponso ot money or labor, and is sure 
ger & Barry—very excellent last year, and in '] UE0 tb °y a S ain mad0 their appearance, to yiold a rich return. 
shall trv it ao-ain this <?oa<?on and the liming was repeated, which was -- 
_ . again successful m driving them away; and SowiNGOATS.-Wethink-wearocon- 
Early Bassano Beet.— This is the host once again, just before the plums began to vinced—from all tho information wo can 
beet wo have tried. Wo have raised it for r ipeil > bo § ave tbo trees another dose, hav- gather on tho subject, from the best and 
several yoars, and our first favorablo opin- n S 0 1stJ1 ' c sorno curculios about. Ilis troes most experienced practical farmers, that 
ion of it remains unchanged. own^ e 7 se,vhere iftt e f ° Tf but S °T ^ promisos tho 
, gro vn elsew aero in the city. A large crop—a heavier grain —and if a peck more 
Stow ells Evergreen Sweet Corn— Is branch, loaded, was exhibited at the August of seed be sown to tho acre than is usually 
not only ovor-groon, or rather soft, but over c ; xlu bition ot the Detroit Horticultural So- sown in lato crops, a more productive yield. 
good for nothing. If we plant it again wo Cie * y ' 1 have n r J°.J°^ bt tbis course would We venture to say that the experience of 
shall deserve, and consent, to bo considered K ILfin H’S.r 1 " in0 B “^ing fa/mors in ove/y ten, will 
too. :<! ton, vioienMds ° 
several years, and our first favorablo opin 
ion of it remains unchanged. 
shall deserve, and consent, to be considered 
ever-green too. 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
SSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending April 19, 1863. 
Francis A. Calvert, of Lowell, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in the feed motion of winnowers. 
James M. Cook, of Taunton, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in excluding dust from railroad cars. 
Phineas Emmons, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in machines for blanking hat bodies. 
James S. Hartupee and Abram Alexander, of 
Pittsburgh, Pa., for improvement in machines for 
rolling bar iron. 
Alex. McPherson, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in cooking ranges. 
John H. Manny, of Waddam’s Grove, III, for 
improvement in cutter fingers of harvesters. Pat¬ 
ented in England, Dec. 9,1853. 
Samuel Miller, of Washington College, Tenn., 
for improvement in cotton seed planters. 
Thompson Newbury, of Taunton, Mass., for 
improvement in machines for threading screw 
blanks. 
Amasa Woolson, of Springfield, Yt., for im¬ 
provement in gig mills for dressing cloth. 
Wm. Wickersham, of Lowell, Mass., for im¬ 
provement in sewing machines. 
Samuel L. Dana, of Lowell, Mass., assignor to 
the proprietors of locks and canals, of the Com¬ 
monwealth of Massachusetts, for improvement in 
purifying resin oil. 
RE-ISSUES. 
Laniard F. Markham, of Cambridgeport, Mass., 
for improvement in machinery for trimming 
books, <fec. Patented April 18, 1848. 
Benj. Chambers, of Washington, D. C., for im¬ 
provement in movable breeches for fire-arms and 
appurtenances of the same. Patented July 31, 
1849. 
Benj. Chambers, of Washington, D. C., assignor 
to Joanna Chambers, of same place, for improved 
common locks. Patented July 31, 1849. 
DESIGNS. 
Thomas Ball, of Boston, Mass., for design for a 
bust of Daniel Webster. 
Edward M. Manigle and Geo. Pbipps, of the 
County of Philadelphia, Pa., for design for a wa¬ 
ter cooler. 
Chas. Chinnock, of New York, N. Y., for de¬ 
sign for a clock-case front. Three designs. 
Jacob Beesley, of the District of Spring Garden, 
Pa., assignor to Wm. P. Cresson, of same place, 
for design for a cooking stove. 
Samuel H. Sailor, of Philadelphia, Pa., assign¬ 
or to Chas. W. Warnick and Fred. Leibrandt, of 
same place, for design for a cooking stove. 
NEW METHOD OF MAKING MIRRORS. 
TnE editor of the Prattsville Advocate 
has been shown by Rev. L. L. Hill, the in¬ 
ventor of “ Hillotyping,” a method of silver¬ 
ing glass, which ho considers of groat prac¬ 
tical value in the manufacture of mirrors : 
“ Mr. Hill took a small glass, such as Da- 
guerreans use for covering their pictures, 
and in forty seconds it was transformed into 
a perfect mirror—perfect in every respect. 
We kept an eye upon it tho whole time; the 
process was fully explained, and the rosult 
cannot be excelled. Out of somo three hun¬ 
dred experiments which Mr. Hill has made, 
ho has never failed in making a perfect mir¬ 
ror. 
“ In his mode of silvoring glass, there is 
not a particle of tho usual amalgam of tin 
foil and quicksilver, but it is composed 
wholly of pure and unadulterated silver.— 
Tho discovery was made while he was ex¬ 
perimenting on glass, with a view of adapt¬ 
ing it to Heliochromy, never dreaming of its 
beautiful application to the manufacture of 
mirrors. The invention did not cost him an 
hour’s study, and he has already had liberal 
offers tor the right to manufacture, togeth¬ 
er with the knowledge of doing so. Tho ex¬ 
pense of manufacturing mirrors, by this 
now and durable mothod, will not, we think, 
exceed half tho cost of manufacturing the 
kind now used—besides, they aro always 
perfect , and no art of man can deface them, 
without breaking them to piecos. We haz¬ 
ard nothing in predicting that it will 
create an ontiro revolution in the art of 
making mirrors, and that, in a few years, at 
most, thero will not be a mirror of the kind 
now usod, to be found in tho country.” 
Curious Facts Relating to Gold. —Put 
900 now soverigns and 900 new English shil¬ 
lings in average ordinary circulation, and in 
one year tho former will bo worth 899, and 
the lattor about 804. 
Tho malleability of gold can bo carriod to 
such an extent, that an apartment twelve 
feet square might bo carpeted for thirty or 
forty dollars. 
Tho celebrated Dr. Wollaston manufac¬ 
tured a piece of wire one thirty-thousandth 
part of an inch in thickness.— Tribune. 
Iron Masts. —The great success which 
has attended the construction of tubular 
bridges, has induced somo of tho British 
ship-builders to take up again the question 
of iron masts. It is stated that tubular 
masts may bo made of iron, stronger and 
lightor than thoso of wood, and with the ad¬ 
ditional advantage that they might slide 
down ono into the other, telescope fashion, 
whilo they would requiro neithor shrouds 
nor stays, leaving room for bracing round 
the yards to the outermost. 
M. Appert’s method of preserving eggs, 
is to put thom in a jar with bran, to prevent 
their breaking; cork and hermetically seal 
tho jar; put into a vessol of water heated to 
200 degrees Fahrenheit, or 12 degrees below 
boiling. Tho vossel with water boing taken 
from tho fire, the water must cool till the 
finger may bo borne in it; remove tho jar. 
Tho eggs may then be taken out and will 
keep for six months. 
WROUGHT IRON CAR WHEELS. 
^ Since tho sad accident which resulted in 
: tb0 death of the son of President Pierce, tho 
managers of the New England Railroad have 
; endeavored, if possible, to remove the con¬ 
stant danger of the breakage of car wheels, 
and tho disasters incident on such break¬ 
ages. We understand that several of our 
Railroad Companies are now trying tho ex¬ 
periment of using wrought-iron wheels, and 
others havo ordered three or four sets, for 
the purpose of testing the possibility of dis¬ 
carding tho cast-iron wheels now universal¬ 
ly in use. 
. Tbe wrought-iron car wheels have cast- 
iron hubs, wrought rims and arms, and tho 
Lowmoor tire ; whereas the cast-iron wheels 
havo chilled iron rims. These chilled rims 
are very hard, and are not very easily worn 
out but aro very liable to be cracked and 
broken. Tho wrought tires wear very rap¬ 
idly, and need to bo often replaced. The 
problem to bo solved is whether, in tholon? 
run, the wrought or cast wheels are the best • 
whethor the wear of tho ono kind exceeds’ 
or not the expense of renewing the crack¬ 
ed and broken of the other.— Boston Jour. 
Possibly if that respectable class of in¬ 
dividuals known as the Traveling Public 
could be allowed to say a word in regard to 
this matter, they might insist that the “ prob¬ 
lem to bo solved” is, Which kind of wheel 
insures tho greater degree of safety to hu¬ 
man life ?”— JV. Y. Tribune. 
A Valuable Cudgel. —Tho following lu¬ 
minous paragraph is from tho Bath (Eng.) 
Chronicle : 
A triond of ours, whoso avocations com¬ 
pel him.’to travel much in the dark, astonish¬ 
ed us a few nights ago, by exhibiting a capi- • 
tal weapon ot attack and dotence. Taking 
from his pocket what appeared to bo a stout 
constable s staff, he struck it smartly against 
tho ground, and in an instant a blazo of light 
burst from the end of it, so powerful and 
brilliant that everything within a quarter of 
a mile was rendered visible, and continued 
so for nearly ten minutes. Had it been 
used as a life-preserver, and struck against 
the head ot a man, the light would have 
been kindled in just tho same manner ; so 
that tho instrument may be used to floor an 
assailant, and afterwards to identify him.” 
A German Custard-sauce for Plum or 
other Sweet Boiled Puddings.— Boil very 
gently together half a pint of new milk, or 
of milk and cream mixed, a very thin strip 
or two of frosh lemon rind, a bit of cinna¬ 
mon, and an ounco and a half or two ounces 
of sugar, until the milk is strongly flavored ; 
then strain, and pour it, by slow degrees, to 
tho well-beaten yolks of three eggs, smooth¬ 
ly mixed with a knife end full (about half 
a tea-spoonful) of Hour, a grain or two of 
salt, and a tablespoontul of cold milk ; and 
stir those very quickly round as the milk is 
added. Put the sauce again into tho stew- 
pan, and stir it rapidly until it thickens or 
looks creamy. It must not be placed upon 
the fire, but should be hold over it, wlion 
this is done. 
When to put down the “Brakes.” _A 
freight train travelling at the rate of 24 
miles an hour, requires on a lovel 546 2-8 
yards to come to a stop, and 79£ seconds of 
time. A passenger train at tho rate of 45 
miles the hour cannot bo brought up in less 
than 779 yards, but takes rather less time, 
only 68 seconds. Two trains, therefore ap¬ 
proaching each ether at a speed of twenty- 
tour miles the hour, will experience a colli¬ 
sion, if tho brakes are not brought to boar 
when they are about 1100 yards, or nearly 
two-thirds of a mile asunder. 
WASTE. 
Wiiat is there a man cannot waste? and 
that, too, without a single instance of lavish 
profligacy; but solely by those minute, 
scarcely perceptible squanderings, which, 
like the constant dropping of water upon 
the rock, wear away that which seems most 
likely to endure. Ho may waste his health 
by little indulgences of pernicious habit— 
by constant irregularities, slight in them- 
solves, and their effects in single instances, 
scarcely perceptible, but which, as viola¬ 
tions of the laws of his being, will work 
gradual, but certain inroads, upon the strong¬ 
est constitution, until the energies decay, 
tho fountains ot life aro dried up, and pre¬ 
mature old age sinks like a crown of thorns 
upon tho hoad of early manhood. He may 
waste tortuno in petty squanderings—timo 
and talents on trifles, or in listlessness and 
idleness. How many a giant mind has been 
frittered away in pursuit of the befitting ob¬ 
jects of low ambition ! How often do we 
see powers perishing for tho lack of thought 
—shrivelling into insignificance for want of 
intelligence to food upon, which use might 
have polished to tho brightest brilliancy, 
and exerciso would have mado equal to 
achieving the noblest purposes ! How many 
scatter, in idleness or indifference to their 
value, the little minute particles of time, till 
golden hours, and days and years are wast¬ 
ed, the treasures of life all scattered, and 
death finds nothing but a poor, naked and 
useless thing at the last.— Kilmarnock Jour. 
Four Good Habits.—T here were four 
good habits a wise and good man earnestly 
recommondod in his counsels, and also by 
his own example, and which he considered 
essentially necessary for the management of 
temporal concerns ; they aro Punctuality, 
Accuracy. Steadiness, and Dispatch. With¬ 
out the first of these, time is wasted ; with¬ 
out the second, mistakes the most hurtful 
to our own credit and interest and that of 
others may be committed ; without the third 
nothing can be well done ; and without tho 
fourth, opportunities of great advantage are 
lost which it is impossible to recall. 
