VOLUME IV. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. — SATURDAY, MAY 28, 1853. 
1 WHOLE NO. 178. 
MOORE’S RURAL KE W-YORKER: novor entirely wanting in any. It varies 40,000 cords. The roads from Albany to 
Agricultural, IJlemi^nirf'Suy semmp.r Wlth th ° SOil U P°“ "' llich the P lants S™' 1 ’ Boston . 202 niiles in length, consume over 
-- as a treo grown upon strong lime-stone 33,000 cords. The steamers on Lake Cham- 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, land is found to contain nearly fifty per plain consume upwards of 100 cords dailv 
--— cent, more lime than a tree of the same through the business season. The furna- 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and species grown where but little lime was to ces and forges on its shore, eight in number 
beautiful in appearance, and *unsurpnssed in Value, Purity f j in ^ ii • it , 
and Variety Of Contents, its conductors earnestly labw be f()und - From this, we deduce the fact, consume annually 90,000 cords. The Salt 
to makeita Reliable Guido on the important Practical Sub- ttitxt plants and trees make free uso of lime Works at Syracuse, N. Y., when all the fires 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests where it is abundant, while a soil in which aro in operation, consume 1.000 cords every 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Ilorticul- _i „ , . , , . , ’ J 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter- } 1S n0fc found > 01 111 whlch very little CXlStS, day, Or 111 Other words, the wood from 25 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- is unfit for agricultural purposes. acres of well timbered land ! 
ings—than any other paper publi shed in this Country. In the application of lime which has to bo From the above data, we find that one 
for terms, & c ., see last page, purchased by the farmer, be the cost never mile of Railroad requires at least 160 cords 
In the application of lime which has to bo 
purchased by the farmer, be the cost never 
acres of well timbered land ! 
From the above data, we find that one 
mile of Railroad requires at least 160 cords 
Titl\ 
*-w-v mw tv -v m 
Progress and Improvement. 
LIME APPLIED TO SOILS. 
so little, he will desire to got along with as of wood to supply it yearly ; consequently 
small amount as will answer well the pur- the 13,000 miles of road in our country, 
pose for which it is used. Dr. Lee says he would consumo annually 2,080,000. When 
has become satisfied from experiments and the 20.000 miles of road, now either under 
analysis that two per cent, of the carbonate contract or contemplation, is added to that 
is as good as a much larger quantity,—that already in operation, 5,280,000 cords of 
lime AP PLIED TO SoILS. the excellent wheat lands of Wheatland are wood will be required annually to feed the 
In a former article upon this subject, wo not ’ m P rovod by its application, and in none engines with fuel. 
FRENCH MER7N0 RAM, “TEN THOUSAND,” 
The Property of S. W. Jewett and H. S. Morse, of Middlebcry, Vt. 
wood to the acre, then every mile of road is full ton foot in circumference “at the | building and shed is 44 by 80 feet At the 
romnroa annual lir 4. tiuroa nf w<inrl In owwwlw »_ 1 __ j _ . i ..... . _ ? A et-i. At [IiO 
When the 33,000 miles are in operation, the for many years has been an object of admi- 
gavo the analysis of several different beds of that soil has morG than tw ° per cent. Allow 40 cords to be an avarage yiold of TY 0F W ‘ Jewett AXD H - s - Mokse > ° E 
of lime, and the different forms in which it been found - The Dr. expresses the opinion wood to the acre, thou every mile of road is full ten feet in circumference “at the | building and shed 
was applied to soils,— that is, in its broken, thafc “ instances are rare where one por cent, requires annually 4 acres of wood to supply butt,” and was used as a “ hand-spike ” on a time I had two G 
ground, or, as is more in use, in a calcined exists that tho addition of more is bonefi- it. Tho 13,000 miles of road will consume certain occasion, and left sticking in the they were able to . 
state, and closed while remarking upon the cial > or pays the cost of application.” He the wood every year from 52,000 acres, ground. It took root and flourished and to learn tint th - 
application of lime fresh burned. f “ rther ^ “ lf a11 tho lime in an acro of wh °n thG 33,000 miles are in operation, the for many years has been an object of admi- about*Roofirm Til 
Strong reasons for applying lime as soon tho best wheat land m this district were wood from 132,000 acres —a territory of ration, overshadowing as it does the high- the experiment 1 
as practicable after burning, and in a pow- separated from the soil to the depth of ten over 200 square miles in extent —will only way, and affording a cool retreat and rest- with them * Tliev 
dered and caustic state, are, that a less quan- inches, the amount would be from ten to supply these roads twelve months. In ad- ing place for the weary traveler. It is sixty- two years and no- 
tity will answer the purpose of covering the twGnt y tons -” clition to this vast amount is to be added four years of age, dating from the time it the least annoarm 
surface of tho ground, that it comes more Assuming these statements to be true, what is consumed by the 24,000,000 of in- ceased to be a “hand-spike.” The sugar- Mv German work 
readily into contact with tho minute parti- there 1S llttle dan S er of any farmer’s buying habitants in the country. Allowing the maple is a highly valuable as well as an & or- tile on hnil Hn « ; 
cles of tho land, and acts more powerfully and applying too much lime to his land, and number of families to bo 3,000,000 and each namental tree. Its growth is rapid on a 0 n them run back 
upon all organic matter, such as tho roots we are at a loss to understand how too much to consume only ten cords each, then 30,- rich loam soil. .• 
and fibl ' os . of P lanbs > seeds > ins ^, and re- can well bo used, or why a critical analysis 000,000 cords is required annually for their Twenty-five acres of thrifty wood-land natlTn^ettin^a ! 
where 
abound 
and vig 
process 
twenty-f 
verted into elements which, by tho aid of tion upon land that has not been thoroughly motives and steamers aro consuming the rise and ca[1 them blegg j Ti of the latest and most approved pattern o: 
rain, may be readily and easily appropriated drained, if wet. In its application after article faster than it can be reproduced in abound in the elements of beautv which En S llsh roohn g td e ? 
by growing plants. In such applications, seeding, it is recommended to put it on in the ordinary course of nature. Many local- bo com5inod }n a thousand pleasino- iS my °P inion > that if people in this 
judgment and caution are necessary lest the dry, summer weather, in a powdered state, ’ties which I could name, especially near forms Their culture enables the skillful countr y w0ldd encourage tho manufacture 
farmer bo led into tho error of applvimr and by often and shallow plowing mix it the sea-coast, have been completely shorn .. ' . , ,. , n , '' LS ,!°. S ‘ ui of roofing tile by using them first on out- 
more than is requisite, as too largo a quan- thoroughly with the surface soil. When of timber. Much inconvenience is now felt dur0 _ to prescnt to the eye o en fields and bmldin § s ’ m a few y ears American enter 
tity, from its well known caustic qualities, applied in a caustic state, plow it under be- in consequence, and tho evil is progressive, sb . u |; IK , „- rovcs wood-crowned* 1 hii]g S P nse would so fa r perfect the article, thai 
will destroy, to a certain extent the efficacy fore it slakes, as much of its value is other, threatening the comfort and interests of su ^_i it ” va i^ s i n charming contrast Wkh they WOuld COme int0 S eneral use - Th< 
of animal manures, or by combining with wise l° sfc in tho atmosphere. farmers, mechanics, and all classes engaged troe ^ wor [j would be a desoVfc • wi 1~ ob J oct ’ ons tbat I have found in my first of- 
certain of their elements-form some now There are many other important matters * n i ndus trial pursuits; and considerations b j. om j t can bo nri ,j 0 a vira(U*e K ’ T’ ^ f° rt ’ ^ think mightbenearlyorquiteover 
chemical arrangements, rendering them im- connected with tho use of lime, to some of not merel y poetical, but economical and tem er ^oth heat and cokl rovent the como in a second trial. As to the differ 
proper or unattainable food for growing which we may call the attention of the read- practical, would in more instances than one dr ness" of the atmoTdiere Vncl ence in tlie cost between shingles ami tile 
vegetation. Quck-liino added to stable ma- or at another time. •(• call out to him, “Woodman, spare that treo !’’ ^ ’ , _ .. a llu - P K 10 » anc it would bo difficult to state correctly, a: 
may be combined in a thousand pleasing 
forms. Their culture enables the skillful 
It is my opinion, that if people in this 
country would encourage tho manufacture 
of roofing tile by using them first on out- 
prise would so far perfect the article, that 
they would come into general use. Tho 
objections that I have found in my first ef- 
vogotation. Quck-liino added to stable ma- cr at another time, 
nuro in a state of fermentation burns it so ^ A ND SUPPLY* 
much as ofton to render it unfit for use, or 
if used of very little value. It should, in “Woodma 
consequence, be mixed with barn-yard ma- . ^ ^ AGA ^ I0US * 01 ' 
nure, in small quantities, and then only tIOn . ° r tie * utlll e' 
necessary to destroy tho seeds of tho noxious com!n £ want3 and 
weeds, or to assist in fho decomposition of SG ', CS a ? ° s P lin « 
luiiuiv/io, uiDLuouiLo, an uiaa&us euRcltreu , , , , , . , uu otuuiio a ii avo auuiiu ill luy mst tH- 
. . i . ■ i .. , ., °° out trees the world would be a desert; with « * T i • ■> , , , , 
m industrial pursuits; and considerations , ’ fort, I think might be nearly or quite over- 
not merely poetical, but economical and ^ l0m L . C ' L |' . J0 ma a pata< la0 ‘ ^ como in a second trial. As to tho differ- 
practical, would in more instances than one en ’P er 0C1 ca ant co , prevent . o in- 6 nee in the cost between shingles and tile, 
eall out to him, “Woodman, spare that tree!'. JU, 'T f atm 08 P here , aml it would bo difficult to state correctly, os 
T» a" new ... . «. S™*! !*»»<*• «>« feU ° f ^^Ol'S ^ rfce #f sh|ng|os m<m j;,, 
USE AND SUPPLY OF FUEL IN THE U. S. 
“ Woodman spare that tree.” 
A sagacious forosight — a duo prepara¬ 
tion for tho future — a proper solicitude for 
coming wants and exigences, both for our¬ 
selves and offspring, is highly commendable 
In all new countries, a terrible mania 
seems to actuate tho pioneer to exterminate 
evory bush and treo, and measure his enter¬ 
prise and success by the number of acres of 
wood he can convert into ashes, or leave in 
a girdled and dying condition. Now we en¬ 
ter our solemn protest against this ruthless 
and seasonable rains, in spring, summer and , .. , ,, , ,. 
’ A , lerent sections, and the amount of surface 
autumn. For wood, timber, lumber, staves 
and a thousand uses, they are invaluable. 
In no othor country than ours do we find 
such magnificent shade trees, such exten¬ 
sive and superb primeval forests, and in no 
roots and othor coarse vegetable mattor in and praiseworthy. On the other hand, un- Vandal warfare. In all new countries P a i fc of tbG world is the re piotluctive power the roof boards, and all the shingle nails, 
manure designed for immediate uso If ' uo anxietY carking cares a ceaseloss shade trees should bo left along the road- S °' esS GX clus L man m oui own. g u pjj n g S covercc i with tile would bo less 
xi i * u x „ ^ ...j . • i , . . _ ° II minn wa wmi i snmmnn fhn windo ot^/1 
manure and lime are both to be applied to 
land, our recommendation is to put on tho 
manure and plow it under, and then sow 
the lime, and harrow it in with the seed. 
and slavish effort to hoard up riches and, 
amass wealth, and tho cultivation of a 
miserly spirit, are censurable in tho highest 
side, and groups in every pasture, and a 
grove around evory houso. Were this the 
case, how romantic and beautiful would be 
degree. “ A prudent man forsooth the the aspoct to tho travoler, to say nothing of 
e\il, and hideth himself.” This was re- the comfort they would afford. In olden 
Hence we would summon the winds and , . . „ , _ ^ 
,, ^ . . hazardous by hres, and Insurance Compa- 
the waves to utter, in an earthquake voice, . , . , . . , , . , , E 
,, , ., , , 1 ’ mes could take risks at reduced rates. B. 
“Woodman spare that tree! n „ „ ^ , , 
Cornwall, April, 1853, s. r. Rockwell. F ‘ Whartenby, of V aterloo, has made the 
- - - most roofing tile of any man that I have 
ROO FING T ILE. an y knowledge of in Western New York. 
Eds. Rural :—In your 3d volume, page His is a trough tile similar to those described 
370, over the signature of Wm. Laverick, by Mr. Laverick. Alvin Wilcox. 
ROOFING TILE. 
many phases oxhibited in tho uso of ,imo on W th°at of thevast Zl^e “ to 
in our brotuhors ofoxyson - - consum6,s * ^ 
practical and full elucidation of tho subject, p0s0 s _'b v forces faetonvAtm TT P "s “ fn<3n<ily t0 ° ur 0xist01,c6 ’ and auvil 
Therefore farmers knowing its properties railways but must oAA A T lar J t0 ‘mppiness and length of life. 
, ,, & railways, but must entertain fears for T n France and m.anv nf-.hev F,nrnu 0a r 
beauty, but as a mattor of practical econo- Jr., is an inquiry l’especting Roofing Tile. West Bloomfield, N. Y., 1853. 
my. Trees should bo regarded as compan- I was in hopes that his inquiry would be CHANGE IN^CUMi'TE.—NO I 
ions, and entitled to protection. They tho means of obtaining farther light upon - 
should bo looked to as physicians — as the subject, from some of your numerous A very important change has taken placo 
breathors of oxygen, as consumers of nitro- readers. But fearing that it will pass by in tho climate of our country; it is very dif- 
gon, as friendly to our existence, and auxil- without an answer, I would renew it, and at ferent now from what it was when tho coun¬ 
iary to happiness and length of life. tho same time givo what information I have try was first settled, some sixty years since. 
In France and many other European been able to obtain thereon. It is evident The cause of the change, however, does not 
CHANGE IN CLIMATE.—NO. I. 
_ j • „ ° kuna, emu buuwuu lu uroiecuon. lney mo menus ui outaimut? larnior i 
in the nnantiii UU ° ^ 10 t nit ias any knowledge of the vast should bo looked to as physicians — as the subject, from some of your 
d hardlv siiffi™ tn ’ amount 0 M ood consumcd annually in our breathors of oxygen, as consumers of nitro- readers. But fearing that it wi 
.u uiuuiy b unite to Rive a pnmih-v Tnr wnmninc nr.,1 _ _ «... . _ . . _ _ _ 
and action, can, by tho exorcise of Rood themselves and ^ 7 7 European oeen aaie to ootain tneroon. it is eviaent lire cause or me cnange, However, docs not 
judgment, aided by observation, soon deter- the statistics at hand ° countries, the beach is cultivated as we cul- that the tax for roofing materials to the in- appear to bo well understood—some assign- 
mine the best method of . mn ivimv n ' ’ s 10w * 10 yearly tivate the apple treo, and tho road-sides are habitants of Western Now York is every ing one cause for it. and some another — 
« the h LSL“maTreuled wTt" STw T??* ** ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Few, i f eev, it appears to me. have oven ap- 
benefit a , ,. ‘ ‘ cs , w ° may deduce are ever and anon cut off for fuel, and loft timber for shingles is fast disappearing, and proximated to the truth in regard to it.— 
It should bo understood that lime is a re- ton Railroad ’ 12^ BurIing ' t0 f° w again ‘ The beach grmvs ra P idl y> ifc is frequently the case, though a man has By some it has been suggested that in con- 
quisite in the growth of all plants and trees annually 20000 cords Them^T^ l? 6 In the neighborhood of taken all the pains he could to get a good sequence of “uplifts,” and earthquakes, 
and may be considered m +\ i .1 ,, y ““ ! c x s. lhe Whitehall and tho writer are two olms, one of which is article, when ho comes to use them ho finds caused by internal fires, a radical change was 
of all vep-etahle iiihit-mras r” U f/ ) U i n° d ’ S0m0 80 mdos length, con- seven feot in circumference, which sixty that they are not fit for the choapest kinds gradually taking place in tho form of tho 
It u 3? | ! iTAJ A re f "•r COrdS - Schenectady and Uti «. years since was used as a bush, on which to of out-buildings. Lrth, and that the climates of different 
with the different plants'and^ grains ^ut fro^ that Un . gBl ’ t 15 ’^' d . C | )lds ' The roads spread clothes on “ washing day,” by a lady Three years ago this winter, I commenced places became milder, or more severo, ac- 
that they are not fit for the cheapest kinds gradually taking place in tho form of the 
of out-buildings. earth, and that the climates of different 
Three years ago this winter, I commenced places bocamo milder, or more severe, ac- 
consuine over J now residing under its branches; the othor I to build my drain tile shop. The main j cording to tho modifications, or changes of 
to learn that they understood somothing 
about Roofing Tile, and I concluded to try 
readily into contact with the minute parti- there is little danger of any farmer’s buying habitants in the country. Aiding the maple is a bigWy valualffi « well u X- ^ T dT 
cles of tho land, and acts more powerfully and applying too much lime to his land, and number of families to bo 3,000,000 and each namental tree. Its growth is rapid on a 0 n them run back near 400 7 ^ 
upon all organic matter, such as tho roots we are at a loss to understand how too much to consume only ten cords each, then 30,- rich loam soil. .• 1 A U 1 ’ > eais > antl still 
and fibres of plants, seeds, insects, and re- can wel1 be lised > 01 ‘ w hy a critical analysis 000,000 cords is required annually for their Twentv-five acres of thriftu wnnrlJar.fi dn * wenn ^ a &°° P U1 P 0S0 - I was umortu- 
cently applied manure, accelerating their do- of the soil can be necessary before applying comfort and use. In other words, tho pro- win supporfc a family of two fires'and lileMlmh'tlmv •msweJ 1 ^!"!! nvrposo "o 
composition, transforming them into vego- the hmo There are however, some very duce of 750,000 acres - an extent of tem- replenish itself, provided the lands are keep 0 ut°rain and when there Ll ld 
table mould, and converting it into proper ^P^ consecrations connected with tory equal to 1,172 square miles. fenced against cattle. And we cannot urge suol also • but our drhdnR snow ste rna 
food for plants. the application of lime to which the atten- Thirty-eight townships, six miles square, t00 st roimI v unon tho attention of nronrie i • !, ’ ? „ “ Sto ms 
Upon sour, unhealthy soils, or upon those tion of farmers cannot be too emphatically of heavy timbered land, is required for the tors of wood lots the stern necessitv of m 1,0 bad1 ^ In Germany they 
where wild grasses and noxious weeds directed. Some of theseffiavo been verydis- inhabitants and their Railroads annually, to fencing them, and’protecting them against throuo-h Hieroofino^ S I have frequently had 
abound, it acts as a corrective, giving health tmctly set forth m an able essay read before say nothing of factories, forges, steamers,&c., the invasion of cattle sh ® anf] rn r °ngn me roonn^. 1 nave nequontly had 
and vigor to tho land. So also, during the tho N. Y. State Agricultural Society, by R. which must swell the amount to upwards of When ftrmers have a scarcRy of acres of " ^ ^ by h,gh Wmds -. 
process of slacking the heat generated bv G. Pell, Esq., and published in the volume 12,000 square miles of territory ! It is true wnr>JJ*nri w fUorr, + « T he latest and most approved pattern of 
most assuredly find that their children will ’ 
, ,, .. ., . n , ot the latest and most approved pattern of 
rise up and call them blessed. Trees w .. , 1 
^ . . English roofing tile ? 
that each kind was laid to the weather 
would effect the price also. In this vicinity, 
where shingles are worth from $3 to <S>4 per 
1000, a tile roof would cost about one-tbird 
more. There would be a saving of half of 
