VOLUME IV. NO. 85. > 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.-SATURDAY, JUNE 18, 1853. 
•(WHOLE NO. 181. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper 
COL. SHERWOOD’S SALE OF SHORT-KOENS. 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper As previously advertised, a portion of Col. 
CONDUCTED BYD^ D. T. MOORE, J ‘ Sherwood’s herd of Short-horns was 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OK ASSISTANT EDITORS. S ° ^ aUC ^ 10n ° n the 8th illStailt, at lfis 
- residonco near Auburn. The weather was 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and remarkably lino, and the company in attend- 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity r J 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor anco 1 OSpeCtable Ill number and character— 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub- including prominent breeders and farmers 
jeets connected with the business of those whose interests residing in various sections of the country 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul- \ ,, _ 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter— nmng thoso present we observed Col. L. 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- G. MORRIS, Pros’t of OU 1 * State Ag. Society; 
ings — than any other paper published in this Country. FRANCIS RoTCH, of OtsePO • B P Johnson 
.unil 4icii)-iJorricr. 
Progress and Improvement. 
ASHES AS A MANURE. 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- ^r. MORRIS, Pres’tof Our State Ag. Society; 
ings —than any other paper published in this Country. FRANCIS ItoTCH, of OtSOgO; B. P. JOHNSON 
tUf " For Terms, &c., see last page. °* Albany; S. P. CHAPMAN, of Madison; 
- ^ --' Ma j- and J. B. Burnet, E. Marks and YVm. 
1*111 WlnrUor Fc “ EB .» f Onondaga; Messrs. J.Johkston, 
AlUl a l Ait UMjJ ,0 t III l 4 S ' VAN a »d Swaby, of Seneca ; W. H. Sotii- 
__ AM > of Livingston ; L. F. Allen, of Black 
Progress and Improvement. kock; ^ Iossrs - ^ AGE arul Martin, of Onta- 
- - no, and many other stock breeders and 
ASHES AS A MANURE. inonds of improvement. 
- iho stock was in fine condition, and 
Wood ashes, both leached and unloached, showed to the best advantage _ giving ovi 
within tho last fow years, have become hot- donee of extra attention. Tho prices real¬ 
tor appreciated for tho purposes of manuro, iz od, as given bolow, must bo highly romu- 
so that it may scarcely soom necessary to nerativo and satisfactory. Considering tho 
urge upon farmers their valuo or tho ad- scarcity of, and consequent increasing do- 
vantages of their application. Yet, it is the mand for, good stock throughout tho eoun- 
provinco of tho Agricultural Press to give try, wo wore not surprised at tho result of 
“line upon lino, and precept upon precept,” the sale, though many may consider the 
to bring forth “things now and things old” prices announced extravagant. Tho “signs 
for tho seasonable consideration of its read- of tho times,” or rather tho realities _vide 
ers, that in the hurry of actual operations the scarcity of good grazing and dairy stock, 
nothing which tends to increased productive- and tho largely remunerative prices of beef 
ness, may bo forgotten or neglected. butter, and cheese—more than indicate that 
As a manure for grain and grass lands of stock breeding, grazing, dairying, etc., will 
a dry soil, we have at various times given P rove m °st profitable, in favorable localities, 
experiments showing their value, especially for somo years to come. Indeed wo believe 
in dry soasons. In one caso leached ashes tboso who dovoto proper skill and attention 
wore appliod to a dry sandy soil, at the rate to rearing, fattening, &e., of livo stock, 
of sixty-six bushels per acre, at an estimat- wi| l realize quite as good dividends for five 
ed expense of $6,25. It was then in grass, y ears to como, as will tho generality of 
and, with a portion of tho samo field unma- holders and dealers in railroad and similar 
nured, was cultivated for five years in dif “stocks.” 
ferent crops, and tho difference carefully The sale was conducted by J. M. Miller. 
noted. Tho increased product fairly attri- of Now York, who is becoming somewhat 
butablo to the application was equivalent to celebrated as auctioneer on similar occa- 
$20, and the fifth year showod an oqual dif- sions, hut whoso popularity would not he 
feronce in favor of the ashed part with the diminished by a trifling addition of civility, 
first, so that wo have no reason to suppose We annex the 
that tho effects of tho ashes were nearly ex- list of sales. 
haustod. Other instances of like character Cows ’ Hkifers -* nd Hi <ifkr Calves. 
have been frequently noted, and in no case JVame - A s*- Purchaser. '’prut, fur! 
are they of loss marked result, as nrovincr ^ anz y 3d > 1 years, J. G. Brosee, Lancaster, O,.$300 $450 
are they of loss marked result, as provine Latuy 3d, 7 years, J. G. Brosee, Lancaster, O.,.$300 $450 
■ I , p i i • i . . Panz y 4th - ^rs, P. Lorillard, Westchester Co., 300 525 
tho valuo ot ashes on soils which need their Phantom, 6 yrs, J. J. \V,»t, Troy Grove, III.,. . 200 210 
ameliorating influence. Phantom 2d, 3 yrs, A. Clements, Phila., Pa.,.. 300 300 
rp. • , jj, .. . . Phantom 3<1, 16 weeks, S. Bush, Sullivan Co... 150 17o 
Iho immediate benefit of ashes is most Ozema, 5 years, J. G. Eraser, Uneasfr, Ohto, 200 m 
perceptible, according to Spuengel, on le- Ozema 2d, 5j mos, J. W. Titus, Dutchess Co., 150 165 
guminous plants, such as lucorno, clover !‘ a ‘V ears ’ d0 ‘ t!o - 200 215 
peas, beans, ike. As a top dressing to grass Poppy, 7 years, do. do. 200 2^ 
lands, it roots out tho moss and promotes Poppy 2d, 3 yrs, S. Bush, Sullivan Co.,. 250 2«5 
tho growth of white clover. Upon red clo- Nl s lltshadc > 7 y r8 > A - Clements, Philadelphia,. 200 260 
.. ,v. , Pet, 6 yrs, J. \V. Titus, Dutchess Co., N. Y.... 300 31(1 
vor, Its effects Will bo more certain if provi- Pet 2d, 3 yrs, Wm. Kelly, Rhmebeek, N. y". . 300 400 
ously mixed with ono-fourth its weight of Pet 3d, 10 weeks, John Foster, C. W. 150 300 
Gypsum. Ashes should not bo applied in fo’ raph ’ ® y rs > w - s. Ward, Westchester Co.,. 200 220 
, .... , , . lopsey, 14 montlis, J. G. Brasee, Oliio,. . . . 150 160 
largo quantities to thin, poor sods, unless Sarah, 2 years, U. Fellows, Sennett, N. I.,. . . loo 125 
vogotablo matter is added at tho same time, Bulls and Bull calves. 
as tho effect is too stimulating and exhaust- Vane Tom P° st > 3 y i ' urs > J - l>. Robinson, wis., 1,000 1,070 
ins. In this respect thoy act liko limo, and Or.,.\ 2 Z 
the Same iulos should bo followed in their Powhatau, 9 mo s, H. Bailey, Westchester Co., 300 310 
application. Novelty, 7 months, J. D. Robinson, Wisconsin, 200 215 
Leachodashos produce nearly the same raonths > j w g l B ^ ee > . 300 <oo 
F J u samo Pope, 4>3 months, J. 1>. Robinson, Wisconsin, 200 230 
effect With tho unloached, but a larger quan- Dragon, 2 yrs, A. Beach, White Plains, N. Y., 100 120 
tity is required. Thoy are of too valuablo Da,1<,y ’ 1 y eftr > J - D. Robinson, Wisconsin,... 150 170 
a character to bo Buffered to remain u„- Z Z 
300 310 
300 400 
150 300 
200 220 
employed, as thoy have boon—remaining in Eighteen Cows, Heifers and Calves .$ 1,740 
large heaps on tho sitos of old asheries in Eleven Bulls and Calves,.3,3<W 
many places in the country. Soils on which Total sales. ^~ioo 
sorrel grows nood thorn very much, as a ___111 
corrector of the acidity which such a growth fNFORMATION WANTED. —THREE QUERIES, 
indicates. T} 
As an application to the corn crop, ashes . B *“V° glV ° tho * ub8tance of threo 
have boon found to bo of much valuo. As ' In ^ 01 ‘. u j ( l uorios » to ^hich we are asked 
a top dressing in tho early stages of its [° T* ' We do 80 that we ma y 
growth, it causes the plants to start vigor- T \° f™* 1 ? 1 farm ° rS “ of mon 
ously—and to hold that vigor until the roots haV ®. th ° Ught . and experimented upon 
attain size and strength to sook over a larger h ° S ° sub J 0C . ts -" hom we ha ™ “over called 
portion of tho soil, tho olomonts noedod.— !* p0n , m Va ' n 0n SUch occa81 °ns. Lot us 
Lot not this source of fertility bo noglectod, l0m ” ow ’ u P on tbo interesting 
and lot farthor experiments bo niado in its ma ° rS W 110 1 ° ° W * 
use. DEEP PLOWING VS. SUB-SOIL PLOWING. 
NnAnnju. Eds. Rural ; — I would liko to bo in-! 
A WELL stocked moadow, after standing formed through your papor, whether a 
threo years, should bo thoroughly plowod common plow turning a furrow seven in- 
up and plantod in potatoos. The inrortod chos deop, followed by a sub-soil plow run- 
sod will go far to supply tho lack of a prop- ning tho same depth, or a largo plow doing 
or dressing of manuro. a good business ten inchos deep, is to bo ! 
preferred for breaking up a summer-fallow 
when tho soil is a sandy loam six inchos 
deep, on a stiff clay sub-soil ? If tho latter 
mode should bo thought best, would it bo 
necessary to plow more than once ? Any 
information on this subject will bo thank¬ 
fully received by a constant reader of tho 
Rural.— Manchester, JY. I 7 ., Juno 5th, 1853. 
Remarks. — Land liko this, ovorlying a 
stiff clay, would be much benofitod by the 
uso of a sub-soil plow, going to tho depth of 
at least sixteen or eighteen inches; more, 
wo think, than by plowing ten inches deep 
with a large plow, and turning up four in¬ 
ches of the clay to the surface. If our cor¬ 
respondent tries tho sub-soil plow, wo hope 
ho will also try tho other plan, and report 
tho results. Will thoso who have experi¬ 
mented in such cases, give us their opinion 
on tho subject ? Deep plowing in some 
shape, is especially needed by such a soil. 
BUCK-WHEAT AS A MANURE. 
Messrs. Editors: —1 wish to submit a 
few inquiries through tho modium of your 
columns, in relation to Buck-wheat as a 
green crop for manure. How much should 
bo sown per acre ? Would it have any in¬ 
fluence in mellowing a stiff, hard soil ?— 
Would a good crop of Buck-wheat turned 
under, bo oqually valuablo with a similar 
growth of Clover ?—W., Phelps, JY. Y., 
May, 1853. 
Remarks. —About one bushel per aero is 
tho proper quantity of Buck-wheat for sow¬ 
ing. Wo have novor observed or experi¬ 
mented upon it, when employed as a green 
manure. Prof. Mapes says, that as a green 
crop for plowing into old organic matter to 
impoverished soils, Buck-whoat may bo 
sown to advantago. Throe growings and 
plowings may bo made in one season, thus 
adding largely of vegetable matter to the 
soil. Ninety per cent, of tho dry mattor of 
Buck-wheat and its haultn, is composed of 
such constituents as are rocoived from the 
atmosphere, whilo with deep plowing it will 
bring up from tho sub-soil tho inorganic 
constituents which are required by tho sur¬ 
face soil, and its subsequent decay, after be¬ 
ing plowed under, render thoso additions of 
great valuo. It should never bo raised on 
apple orchards. 
Wo rather trust to Clover plowed under 
for tho improvement of tho soil, than to 
Buck-wheat; and so wo believo would most 
farmers, especially as preparatory to tho 
Wheat crop. Will thoso who have tried 
this plant as a green manure, furnish us the 
result.- It is a subject on which many are 
seeking light.— Eds. 
barn-yard manure for summer fallow.- 
WHEN AND HOW SHOULD IT BE APPLIED ? 
Mr. Moore :—Will you inform mo thro’ 
tho Rural, of tho best or most economical 
way of applying common barn-yard manure 
to summer fallows ? By common yard ma¬ 
nure, I moan that where hay, stalks and 
straw are ted to tho stock, and where the 
cleanings ot the stables are thrown also.— 
Wo liavo a yard of such manure, which we 
intend to apply to a fallow for whoat. Our 
fallow wo want to plow two or threo times, 
to kill tho thistles. The first time wo want 
to plow vory deep, to fetch up some of tho 
sub-soil for tho ameliorating effects of tho 
sun, air and rain through tho summor ; and 
to take out all tho stones that obstruct 
plowing. Some rceommond drawing out 
such manure, and piling it in tho field ; lot¬ 
ting it remain there until tho last time plow¬ 
ing, whon it should bo plowod in shallowly, 
or spread on after tho last plowing, and 
workod in with the cultivator and harrow. 
Now, as to the expense of applying, it is 
quito ovidont that to haul out, spread and 
plow in immediately, is cheaper than to 
haul and pile,and thon haul again before it 
is appliod to tho soil, and by the former 
course tho manuro would bo as thoroughly 
incorporated- with the soil as by the latter. 
What I want to know is whether tho ma- 
uro plowod in at tho first time plowing, 
and as deop as we want to plow, and then 
turned up again to tho surface at seeding 
time, will do tho whoat crop, and tho follow¬ 
ing crops of clover, as much good as to pile 
tho manure and lot it lay through tho sum¬ 
mor and apply it in tho fall just boforo seed¬ 
ing. Wo have had somo good articles on 
tho saving and applying of manure, in tho 
Rural ; but an articlo on tho subject abovo 
referred to, would bo very gratifying to 
your friend.—R. S., Baldwinsville, JY. Y. 
Remarks. —We beliovo tho genoral prac¬ 
tice is to apply the manuro in autumn. 
Wo hopo our correspondent will try both 
ways and report, and also that wo may hear 
from some of our thorough farmers on tho 
subject. It seems to us for various reasons, 
that application in autumn would bo best in 
this instanco. Care should bo taken to pre¬ 
vent waste of tho fertilizing properties of 
the manure in either case.— Eds. 
THE DIGNITY OF LABOR. 
Is it dignified to labor ? Can ho bo a dig¬ 
nified man “that holdeth tho plow, that 
glorieth in tho good, that drivoth oxen, and 
is occupied in their labors, and whose talk 
is of bullocks ?” Or sho a dignified woman 
who “seekothwool and flax, and worketh 
willingly with her hands. Who layotli hor 
hands to tho spindle and her hands hold tho 
distaff. Who looketh well to tho wavs of 
her household, and oatoth not tho bread of 
idleness ?” 
Is thoro any dignity about all this ? It is 
not thought so by many persons. Some 
seom to think that dignity consists in splen¬ 
dor and show, and takes up its abode only 
with tho great ones of tho world, and honco 
to bo truely dignified, thoy must have a 
name, must occupy some distinguished po¬ 
sition among their fellows, must bo sent to 
tho national council to logislato for thorn— 
to talk about great things and spend tho 
people’s money. Tho number of applica¬ 
tions for theso dignified positions are be¬ 
coming very numerous of lato. Much ef¬ 
fort and money are spent to procure thorn. 
I onco know a man to pay a thousand dol¬ 
lars to buy a namo, which the world calls 
dignified. But, poor soul, it novor dignified 
him one jot, in the estimation of any sensi 
bio man. Wo have recently had somo de¬ 
monstrations of tho valuo of this kind of 
dignity. Men who are so corrupt as to soli 
themselves, and barter tho interests of thoir 
constituents, sacrifice tho interests of tho 
many, for tho benefit of a fow, for tho more 
paltry gain of a fow dollars, are far from 
true dignity. 
Public opinion is becoming right upon 
this point. And tho timo is passing, when 
to bo a mere farmer, a laboring man, and a 
tiller of tho soil, is considered ignoble in tho 
estimation of any sensiblo man. Tho means 
of information and knowledge .are in the 
reach of all, and thoy are being improved 
by tho farmor. And as a consequenco his 
occupation is rising and will continue to rise 
in proportion as knowledge is increased, un¬ 
til agriculture as a profession takes its stand 
as it ought to, as tho first, tho most import¬ 
ant, and tho most dignified of all profes¬ 
sions. 
Though much has boon done to elovato 
tho cause of agriculture, much still remains 
to bo accomplished. Farmers must be ed¬ 
ucated mon — thinking, reading, practical 
men, thoroughly oducated in their own par¬ 
ticular calling. Tho means for this educa¬ 
tion aro in their own hands, and may bo 
improved by every farmer of common sonso 
in the land. And, in proportion as we ad¬ 
vance, in just such proportion will the cause 
in which wo are onlisted advance, and not 
one step farther. In no profession of life 
is thoro a wider field open for thought, in¬ 
vestigation and improvement, than in this 
profession. To be an intelligent, successful 
tiller of tho soil, wo need to know tho ele¬ 
ments of tho soil wo cultivate—tho consti¬ 
tutional elements of tho thing to bo culti¬ 
vated, tho laws which govern vogetation, 
and that our labor may bo directed to the 
best advantage. 
In tho roaring of domestic animals, how 
important is a knowledge of tho relative 
value of tho different breeds, and tho con¬ 
stitutional habits of each, that we may seloct 
from thorn that kind best adapted to our 
particular locality, wants, &c. Wo should 
know also, tho number most profitublo to 
keop, and tho kind of keeping required in 
order to receive tho most profit from them. 
How important, also, is a knowledge of tho 
relative valuo of tho different kinds of grain 
and field crops to be raised, the kind of soil 
best adapted to tho growth of each, tho ma¬ 
nures necessary, and how to bo applied.— 
Also, a knowledge of tho relative valuo of 
stock and grain growing, and what amount 
ot each can bo grown on tho farm to the 
best advantage. All thoso things, together 
with a multitude of othors, require much 
knowledge and study, in order to turn our 
eflorts to tho best possible account. Labor 
thus directed, is truly dignified, and that 
true dignity, and intelligent, practical farm¬ 
ing are antagonistical, I do not believe, but 
I do believo, that the tiller of tho soil, the 
producer, is Nature’s own Nobleman. 
Le Roy, May, 1853. q. g; 
CLIMATE.-NO. III. 
The chango of climate, and its effects, 
mentioned in my former numbers, appears 
to havo been entirely overlooked by agricul¬ 
tural writers. Ido not recollect to have soen 
any allusion to tho subject by any of them. 
Instead of looking in that direction for tho 
causes ol tho failures of crops in our 
country, they havo, quito too gonerally, at¬ 
tributed them to the ignorance and stupidi¬ 
ty of tho cultivators of the soil. It will 
readily bo conceded that there is not tho 
attention paid to tho renovation of the soil, 
by manuring and draining, which tho 
changes of both soil and climato of tho 
country require. Judging, however, from 
experience acquired during a residonco of 
nearly sixty years, I do not believe that even 
if tho soil were in its original state, in tho 
present nude situation of tho country, as 
good crops of grain and fruit could be 
raised, as whon tho primeval forests pro¬ 
tected the young plants and fruit trees 
from tho offocts of frost. Indeed, examples 
are not wanting to prove the facts to be so. 
From the loss of tho vegetable matters 
originally on tho surface of tho earth, tho 
ground has become hard and compact, and 
tho heat now penetrates to a much greater 
depth than it did formerly. Solid substan¬ 
ces being better conductors of boat than 
thoso of a looser texture, stones and solid 
•arth are therefore more perfect conductors 
of heat than loose earth, or sand. 
Tho surfaco of the earth having bccomo 
much more solid than formerly, tho rain 
water does not so readily ponotrate into it, 
but rapidly runs off into tho ravinos, speed¬ 
ing its way to tho places of its “ manifest 
destination ” with such headlong velocity as 
to sweep from their foundations mills, mill- 
dams, and othor dydraulic erections, in ono 
common river. Formorly, the rain-wator 
penetrated the looso and spongy soil, and 
kept it moist during soveral wooks after a 
heavy rain had fallen. Now, tho water 
quickly runs off of tho higher lands, leaving 
them, in a fow hours, as dry and hard as be¬ 
fore it fell; inundating the low grounds of 
our farms, and destroying tho grain on them. 
In consequenco of tho change from tho 
former to tho present situation of tho coun¬ 
try, a change has taken place in tho charac¬ 
ter of the prevalent diseases. In tho early 
settlements, fever and aguo, and intermit- 
tant fovers wore the principal diseases which 
“ human nature was heir to.” Now, tho 
inoro acute diseases, orysipelas, scarlet fever, 
inflammatory rheumatism and congestive fo- 
vors prevail. No doubt a difference in tho 
modo of living has an influence in produc¬ 
ing the chango. But I believe very much 
is owing to a change of the climato. 
Having shown somo of tho disadvantages 
resulting from the change of climato, in a 
future number I propose to give my views 
as to tho moans to be resorted to, to obviato 
tho difficulties which tho farmers labor un- 
dor in consequenco of it. ’Hif.l. 
A Good Cheesk should contain all the butter 
of the milk as well as the eurd; and in curing, 
the butter should remain unchanged. 
i 
