Is 230 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
CONDENSED CORRESPONDENCE. 
“Deep Plowing vs. Subsoil Plowing.” 
Eds. Rural :—Being one of those who 
have “ thought and experimented' some up¬ 
on the subjects mentioned in the Rural of 
Juno IS, under the abovo head, I reply briefly 
that, according to my experience, subsoiiing 
flat land witlia clayey subsoil without first 
draining it, would work a great injury to the 
soil, and would bo the means of lessoning the 
amount of crops raised thereon; but that 
land lying so that the surplus water will pass 
quickly from it may bo subsoiled to advan¬ 
tage without permanent draining. Such a 
soil and subsoil as your correspondent men¬ 
tions, needs draining in some way, either by 
permanent drains or by deep water furrows 
not moro than three rods apart. Surface 
plowing, even if land is subsoiled, should in 
no case bo loss than one foot deep, and if 
deeper than that it would be better and 
would well pay the oxtra expense. 
To keep the surfaco of land even and 
facilitate drainage fields should bo plowed 
but one way of the field, never cross plowed. 
Soil can be more thoroughly mixed and 
pulverized with the same amount ot labor 
with a good wheel cultivator than by fre¬ 
quent plowings. Land cross plowed will 
invariably prosent an uneven surface, being 
in ridgos and hollows both ways, which, to 
say nothing of the appearance of the field, 
doubles the amount of labor in constructing 
water furrows to secure the grain crop 
against being damaged by water.— Linus 
Cone, Troy, Mich., July 1853. 
About Killing Thistles. 
Eds. Rural:—I desire to be permitted 
to say a few words to I. H., through the 
medium of your paper, particularly in re¬ 
gard to killing thistles. I. H. will go on 
and manure his ground, and propare it, plow 
and plant it with corn. Then proceed in a 
few days with his men, and spades, to cut¬ 
ting up thistles, with some profit, (I pre¬ 
sume.) I will simply state my own experi¬ 
ence. 
Throe years ago I purchased a farm. On 
the field I summer fallowed, the thistles 
grew to such an enormous size, that I was 
under the necessity of mowing them to get 
mv team along. I broke it up the last oi 
June and the first of July, about nine inches 
deep; harrowed directly after breaking, 
then allowed it to remain until after harvest, 
when I drew on about 12 loads to the acre, 
of barn-yard manure, and spread it evenly 
over the ground: again harrowed it thor¬ 
oughly, and before seeding went over it 
twice with a cultivator; (I use Hudnut’s 
spring steel tooth wheel cultivator, of Geno- 
seo.) From that day to this, no thistles 
have made their appearance. I raised about 
twenty-five bushels of wheat to the acre.— 
Have the same field in wheat this season, 
and it is the best piece that I ever have 
raised; and no thistles have made their ap¬ 
pearance, though my neighbors told mo that 
that they would grow spontaneously. 
I can take my team and cultivator, and 
cut up as many thistles in a day as Mr. I. 
H. can, with a dozen hands, with their 
spades, (and he to superintend them;) which 
with us would be worth $12 per day. If my 
team would be worth $2, there would bo a 
saving of $10 per day, and a fallow well 
fitted for wheat.—0. H. M., Pavilion, JY. 
Y., July, 185 3. 
New C-rain3, Grasses, &c. 
Eds. Rural I am cultivating a great 
variety of foreign grasses, grains, vegetables, 
&c., some of which promiso to boa valuable 
acquisition. The Hungarian Snow and 
Chilian Flint wheats, sown in Nov. aro 
now in flower, heads long and large—straw 
very large. The Japan Pea is a curiosity. 
I have seven thrifty plants. Unlike all 
other peas, it throws out no tendrils —is 
not dependant for support on any thing 
else. The stalk or stem is as hard and stiff 
as wood of this year’s growth in the nursery. 
The Pea resembles in form and size tlio 
smallest bean, but is of a rich cream color. 
I have also the Thanot and Chevalier 
Barley, Alriko and Flesh-colored Clover, 
Perrennial Rye Grass, Melons, Squashes, 
&c., &c., for most of which I am indebted 
to the Rural New-Yorker— and hope to 
bo able to pay in some of the fruit in duo 
time. The “ flesh colored clover,” is said 
to be an annual. It is just coming into j 
flower, though sown rather late this spring. 
The flower is a bright crimson, heads long, 
and cone shaped. 
On the 18th, we commenced digging new 
potatoes for the table, (if it is not early 
don’t mention it aloud, for I took some 
pains to hare a samll patch of early pota¬ 
toes, and the experiment has succeeded 
well, compared with the earliest of my 
neighbors.) If you have tasted, and inves¬ 
tigated the claims of the “Wild Mexican 
Potato,” we would regard your opinion.— 
Potatoes at $2 to $3 per bushel are not ex- 
• tensively eaten—Jt will do however, for us 
THE AGRICULTURAL PRESS. I had some underdrains, made in a piece 
- of land that was originally a black ash 
How to make Manure. swamp, and had a mucky soil—and from 
Tiie Massachusetts Agricultural Society’s such, wheat is very liablo to bo ejected in 
Report gives the following statement from wint( *- Yofc ° v ’ er ? n ? ° f th f° grains * ? b / 
a farmer ot Hampshire Co., of that State: and undi3tu {. bcd ° whilo much at a ehort dis- 
Immodiately after planting in tho spring, tanco was severely injured, 
and after I have used what manure I want, There is a tract of gravelly land between 
I commence my compost heap for the next Lockport and Batavia which I think is un¬ 
season. Into a convenient place, which derlaid by plaster bods—a sort of oak open- 
with me is a hollow in tho angle of a bank- ings—which is famous for producing wheat, 
wall on the south end of my buildings, I It is worthy of inquiry whether rust is de¬ 
deposit first a load of horse manure. Over structive thoro or not. 
this I usually spread the scrapings of my In those dry Asiatic or African countries, 
wood yard, especially in May, and all other where there is not moisture enough to en- 
substances that will make manure that I courage tho growth of rust or mildew, it 
find about my buildings; such as the rakings might bo difficult to determine how much 
of tho yard, old leaves, &c., making in all tho soil or subsiol has to do with the mat- 
another small load. Over this I add a load ter; but if it could be shown that, in our 
of loam; then over tho whole I spread moist climate, underdraining is able to coun- 
about a bushel of ashes. For tho next three teract its defects on so important a point as 
or four weeks this heap receives from tho the growth of wheat, the discovery would act 
wash-room all tho soap-suds and washing- as a powerful stimulus on our farmers, 
water, and from tho house all tho slops and I may add, that under livo trees, whero 
washings of tho kitchen, sweepings, &o., bo- roots keep tho ground firm (by preventing 
ing kept continually moist. In about four much cultivation,) and comparatively dry, 
weeks after tho first deposit, I add another wheat is neither liablo to be thrown out in 
load of horse manure, more loam, and sand winter nor injured by rust; and generally 
from the washing of road drains spread over along our swales whore there is the most 
all a layer of wood ashes, occasionally add- moisture thero is tho most rust. When I 
ing more during the next four weeks. This removed to this country I had no idea that 
heap, for the succeeding four weeks, ro- our land would ever need draining, but this 
BOUGHTON’S THISTLE DIGGER AND SUBSOIL CULTIVATOR. 
Boughton’s Thistle Digger and Subsoil 1 
Cultivator, represented abovo, has been in 
use for some years, and is gaining favor in this 
soction. Since its introduction, tho inven¬ 
tor has made some valuable improvements 
in the shape of tho blado ; also by dispens- 
to receive tho opinion of a man who is not 
particularly interested in high prices. Prob¬ 
ably nineteen-twentieths of tho last years 
crop has been planted this spring, and far¬ 
mers have paid from $2 to $3 per bushel 
for their seed. It is confidently believed by 
thoso who know the qualitios of these pota¬ 
toes, that tho entire crop of this season will 
bo wanted for seed next spring, but not at 
such high prices. Wayne and Monroe 
counties will probably produco two thou¬ 
sand bushels, and all who are in for improve¬ 
ments will test their qualities this season, 
and look out for their seed without tho fear 
of being humbugged.— I. W. B., Macedon, 
Wayne Co., JY. Y., Juno 20, 1853. 
About that Pence. 
In the Rural of July 2d, is a notice of an 
article of mine, on staking and capping com¬ 
mon rail fence, by E. Buel, of Prairie Rondo, 
Mich., in which he attempts to level my fa- 
vorito method, and build up his own, with 
“prairie breezes” and “unruly colts;" but, 
unless they have become more than common 
levelers by practicing on his style of fence, 
“ staked and capped at the corners,” whero 
even prairie breezes shrink on approaching, 
I will engage they will stay put within a good 
fence secured iu tho way I propose!. And 
“ Had I all knowledge, human and divine, 
That thought can reach, or science can define; 
And had I power to give, that knowledge birth, 
In all the speeches of the babbling earth— 
I should scruple to uso it when common 
sense failed. Fancy carries some beyond 
the point of utility. With such I have no 
desire to interfere, for prejudice is stronger 
than reason or common sonso. 
All I claim in mine, being preferable to 
anv other observed style, is, saving in ex¬ 
pense of materials, time and labor in build¬ 
ing, repairing, and land. If all those aro not 
offsets sufficient against peculiar fancies, or 
uncommon levelers, let others moro nice, 
prescribe; and if Mr. Buel will propose a 
style, uniting fancy, economy and utility, 
surpassing mine in beauty, and permanency, 
in the eye of tho prudent farmer, I will doff 
hat, and vote him a diploma. And although, 
whore “ breezes” aro powerful enough to 
requiro an “ improvement in my stylo of 
fence,” a forensic effort might mistake “ re¬ 
quest” for remark, with impunity, yet it is 
not sufficient excuse in a written one, ovon 
by a capper of fence.—S. Graves, Marcel- 
lus, July, 1853. 
The Great Discoverer and his Secret. 
“ If this discovered law of Nature, and a law of God, in 
this boasted age of Printing and of t.aw, the perfection of 
reason, die with me, the Age, and the Patent, and the 
Copy-right laws are to blame, for not making it to my in¬ 
terest to publish it without reserve .” 
Eds. Rural :—Tho abovo is from Rus¬ 
sell Comstock’s Circular of Juno, 1852. — 
Now, I wish to know what can be under¬ 
stood by it, moro than that ho does not dis¬ 
close all tho secret, as ho engages to do, to 
his classes, but keops somo part back; to 
protect himself against treachery—acts tho 
dishonest part. Then, to assume the garb 
of truth, brands thoso who endeavor to ob¬ 
tain tho knowledge in any other way than 
through him, as “ penny wise and pound 
feolish, and none too honest.” His impu¬ 
dence in that will not moro than match his 
selfishnessclaiming, as he does, not only 
all the wisdom, worth and decency, but all 
tho honesty. 
But to tho extract. Can thero bo any 
danger of any of Nature’s or God’s laws 
dying with tho Professor, or any other rev- 
elator who refuses to reveal them ? If so 
what becomos of their immortality ? Can 
a knowledge of them die with him, if, as he 
pretends, ho has revealed that knowledge 
to thousands ? There is deception in either 
horn of the dilemma. Tako your choice, 
Mr. Comstock ; either one will take the 
rag off. G - s - 
A Prolific Squash.— I have a variety of 
the winter squash, an excellent article for 
cooking—of a very rich gold color, and will 
keep into January. From one seed, last 
year, grew a vine sixty-six feet in length; pro¬ 
ducing 32 squashes, tho largost 18 inches 
in length and 2G inches in circumference. 
P. S. I would note, that the main vine, 
grew to tho abovo length, exclusive of the 
collateral vines.—L. N., Windsor, Ashtabu¬ 
la., Co., O., 1853. 
ing with tho use of nuts under the blado, f 
thereby obviating tho liability to clog.— A 
Judging from the testimony of thoso who j 
have given it a trial, we presume Mr. B.’s ( 
machine to bo well worthy tho attention of i 
cultivators. See advertisement. < 
AGRICULTURAL INTELLIGENCE. ‘ 
Sale of Stock in England. , 
We learn from a circular forwarded us by i 
Col. B. P. Johnson, that tho Agricultural 
Stock of the late Earl Ducie is to bo sold | 
at auction, at Tortworth Court, Gloucester- . 
shire, on the 24th and 25th days of August i 
ensuing. The sale will embraco the entire 1 
Short-horn Cattle belonging to his Lord- ( 
ship, consisting of upwards of GO head of j 
bulls, cows, and heifers — comprising the | 
whole of his celebrated “Ductless” and « 
“ Oxford” tribes of Short-horns ; and many '< 
promising young bulls and heifers, bred 
from the most celebrated herds in the king¬ 
dom. Also a splendid flock of S00 South- 
Down Sheep, bred from the renowned • 
stocks of His Grace tho Duke of Richmond, i 
Col. Kingscoto, and others—sinco which < 
have been used the best Tups that could bo 1 
obtained from Mr. Jonas Webb. Also, the ‘ 
stock of Pigs, descended from tho most dis¬ 
tinguished breeds in England. 
Catalogues with tho Pedigrees, &c., may 
bo had on application to Mr. Strafford, 89 
Guildford st., Russell-squaro, London. 
The Harvest, Crops, &c., in Seneca Co. 
Dear Rural :—The farmers in this vicin¬ 
ity have commenced their harvest. Heavy 
sheavos and glowing, happy faces are visible 
in almost every field. The grain is ripening 
fast, and a bountiful harvest is anticipated. 
Tho weevil has been much less destructive 
in this soction than for a few years past,— 
indeed thero has been comparatively but 
little damage done to the wheat by that in¬ 
sect. Early sown wheat has almost entire¬ 
ly escaped. There is promise of a bounti¬ 
ful yield—a rich reward for the labors of tho 
husbandman, and a reproof to his complain¬ 
ings, and his ingratitude. 
As to spring, or summer crops, not so 
much can bo said, though, as a general thing, 
we shall have a good yield. Barley looks 
fine. Corn and potatoes aro coming on finely 
now. Tho dry woather wo experienced in 
the early part of tho season, has been unfa¬ 
vorable for grass and oats—tho former is 
thereforo thin, and tho latter “ short.” 
It is cheering again to behold the ripen¬ 
ing—the golden harvest. We aro again re¬ 
minded that “seed time and harvest shall 
not cease.” Tho earth produces her abun¬ 
dance, and man—ungreatful and rebelious, 
and all tho teeming populations, feast upon 
the rich bounties of tho golden year. Let 
us praise the Giver—bless God for tho Har¬ 
vest. —S. Furman, Romulus Centre, JY. Y., 
July 9th, 1853. 
Cattaraugus County Pair—Crops, &c. 
The Cattaraugus County Fair is to be held 
at Randolph, Sept. 15th and 16th. It will 
present somo new featui-es in the way of 
fairs in this county, and we hopo to awaken 
new interest in agriculture. 
Tho season has been unusually fine, and 
crops are very fine indeed. From what I 
have seen and learned from other counties 
in tho western part of the State, our corn, 
oats, and hay crops are unsurpassed. Po¬ 
tatoes were never better, and the quanity 
planted is much larger than heretofore.— 
Fruit of every kind is abundant and of su¬ 
perior quality. 
Impi’ovoment is advancing with unexam¬ 
pled rapidity, in this county, and is not con- 
finod alono to the destruction of our forests, 
but wo see it in tho improved systom of cul¬ 
tivation and farm management, in the dairy, 
in our stock, and improved farm imple¬ 
ments.—S. S., Randolph, July 8tli, 1853. 
Improved Horses are in demand, this sea¬ 
son, at high prices. Among other transac- 
: tions, we learn that E. W. Cahill, Esq , of 
Dalton Wayne Co., O., has purchased of 
’ Col. Burnet, of Syracuse, one of Constorna- 
. tion’s best stallion colts out of a Messenger 
mare. Ho will bo three years old in Sept., 
and is represented as superior in many res- 
. poets—promising to bo fast, large and hand- 
j somo. Price about $500. 
— We understand that the celebrated 
race mare “ Fashion ”—recently purchased, 
’ with a foal at her foot out of “Mariner,” for 
s $1,550, by Col. L. G- Morris— will bo bred 
• to $Ir. Burnet’s imported horse “ Conster¬ 
nation ” the presept seasop. 
ceives as before, all tho fertilizing substances 
that accumulate in the wash-room and 
was when tho ground was full of roots.— 
Since these rotted out, there has been a sot- 
kitchen. This process is continued during tling down of tho soil. An intelligent 
the summer and fall until snow covers the neighbor thinks it has settled four inches 
ground ; then 1 cali my heap finished, only in the last ten years, though 1 have no 
us it continues to receive during the winter, means of telling how much; I only know 
washings, slops, &c. that I have fields which I would not now 
I claim for this manure tho following ad- think of sowing with wheat, but to which 
vantages First, it is cheap. Horse" ma- purpose 1 should liavo made no objection 10 
nure, alone , is a miserable fertilizer; and years ago. 
this excepting tho wood-ashes, is tho only All 1 intend by these remarks is toexcito 
substance of any value that enters into the observation and reflection, and not to build 
composition. Combined in the way stated, up an opinion or theory.— Cultivator. 
it helps to form a valuable manure. Again, „ ,, 
as a matter of cleanliness and convenience, lax Ciuture m Indiana, 
this compost heap is of groat advantage.— Mr. R. T. Brown, of Crawfordsvillo, in a 
IIow otten do wosoo about farm houses and communication to Governor Wright, Presi- 
iarm yarns, accumulations ot substances. dent of the Indiana State Board of Agricul- 
rendering the promises filthy and unsightly! 
Tho compost heap receives all these other- tU! e > sa ^ s ’ 
wise useless accumulations. 8 und you onclosed a few samples of 
* Fax Cotton,’ presented to me by the Hon. 
Patent Bee Hives. II. L. Ellsworth, of Lafayette. Mr. Eils- 
On the subject of patent bee hives wo worth has secured tho machinery neces- 
think the suggestions contained in tho fol- l° r the manufacture of tho cotton, and 
will have itin operation early m tho season, 
lowing statement ot Lewis F. Allen, copied pj 0 j ias on hand tho ‘stem' grown on 120 
from a former volume of the transactions of acres last season, which, from experiments 
the New York State Agricultural Society already mado, will, ho supposes yield about 
may bo useful: 300 pounds per acre, of ‘ cotton similar to 
No. 2 of tho enclosed specimens. The ox- 
“ I have seen, examined, and used sever- p 0nse 0 f reducing tho fibres to this state, 
al dillerent plants of Patent Hives, ot which a ft er tho stem is produced, is about tv o 
there are probably 30 invented, and used, ce nts per pound, which at the usual price of 
more or loss. I have found all which I cotton, (10 cents,) will leavo eight cents per 
have seen satisfactorily, not carrying out in 
full the benefits claimed for them. 
pound, or $24 per aero, for the farmer who 
produces it. To this must bo added the 
Tho beo works and lives, I bolieve, solely value of the seed, which will range from $6 
to $8 per acre, giving a final result of $20 
by instinct. I do not consider it an invent- to $8 per acre, giving a final result of $20 
ivo, or very ingenious insect. To succeed at least for each acre. This is Mr. EIls- 
well, its accomodations should bo of tho worth’s calculation; it may bo too high ; but 
simplest and securest form. Therefore, in- if we allow for the magnifying effects of his 
stead of adopting tho complicated plans of zeal one-third, or ovon one half, still flax will 
many of tho patent hives, 1 have made and bo as profitable a crop, in proportion to the 
used a simple box, containing a cube of one amount of labor required to produce it, as 
foot square, inside —mado of one and a any of the staples of tho country, 
quarter inch sound pine plank, well jointed Mr. E.’s mothod of flax farming is to 
and planed on all sides, and closely put to- break his ground in tho fall, and securo it 
gether perfectly tight at the joints with from being trodden in the winter. Between 
white lead ground in oil, and tho insido of the middle and last of April ho harrows it 
tho hive at the bottom champered oft’ to well, sows his seed, harrows in, and passes 
three-eights of an inch thick, with a door tho roller over it, leaving a level surface.— 
for the bees in front of 4 inches long by He harvests it with a horse power reaper, 
three-eighths of an inch high. I do this cutting about two inches from tho ground, 
that there may be a thin surface to come in As soon as it is dry, tho seed is threshed off, 
contact with tho shelf’ on which they rest, (for which operation wo yet need an appro- 
thus preventing a harbor for tho beo moth, priate machine,) and tho ‘stem’ baled for 
(1 have never seen a patent hive, which transportation to tho factory. The amount 
would exclude tho boo moth, nor any ono, of labor is about tho same as that required 
so well as this, having never been troubled for a wheat crop.” 
with that scourge sinco I used this tight - 
hive.) On tho top of tho hive, an inch or Horses and Tobacco. 
two from tho front, is made a passage for N. P. Willis, Esq., gives the following 
the bees ot an inch wide and six to eight Hint whereby trees may bo saved from bo- 
Horses and Tobacco. 
N. P WTllis, Esq., gives tho following 
inches long, to admit the bees into an upper 
hive for surplus honoy, (which passage is 
covered when no vessel for that purpose is 
ing gnawed by horses, from which they suf¬ 
fer so much in exposed situations, when 
on tho top.) For obtaining tho honey I used as hitching posts : 
uso a common 10 or 12 quart water pail, « Strangers will tie their horses to the 
inverted, with tho pail turned over, in which trees from which I can least spare the bark 
tho beos deposit their surplus. The pail they eat oft’, while their masters aro ramb- 
will hold 25 to 30 pounds of honoy. This ling about; and I had just been washing tho 
is simple, cheap, and expeditious; tho pail trunks of two or threo evergreens with to- 
costing only 20 to 25 cents, is taken off in bacco-juice, (said to bo a six months’ dis- 
a moment, tho pail re-placed, and tho honoy guster for the worst kind of crib-biter,) when 
ready for transportation, or market, and al- neighbor £-, with his whito locks flow- 
u'ays in place. If there is time for moro j n g over his shoulders and his calmly genial 
honey to bo made, (my bees make 2 pails faco beaming from under his broad brimmed 
full in succession this year) another pail can 
be put on at once. 
Such, gentlemen, in short, is my method. 
hat, drove down the avenuo — a moving 
picture among the beautiful codars and 
hemlocks, that made thorn more beautiful 
I have kept bees about 20 years. I sue- than before. Wo tied his horso to ono of 
seod better with this plan than any other; tho tobaccoed cedars, which tho fine animal, 
it being cheap, simple, convenient, and ex- a splendid bay, opened teeth upon, and im- 
peditious.” mediately backed off to the length of his 
-- halter, taking an attitude of repugnance in 
Draining vs. Rust in Wheat which wo found him on our return.” 
The following suggestions, which wo copy 
Cob Meal. —Mr. Thomas Motley, Jr., of 
from a letter ot an eminent agriculturist 'West Roxbury, says, in tho Boston Cultiva- 
in Western Now York, whose soil is a strong, tor:—I havo fod out over five hundred bush- 
rich clayey loam, opens a subjoct of much els this winter to horses, working oxen, 
interest to wheat growers : milch cows and pigs-in fact, I have used 
no other gram. My horses have never been 
I havo learned that wheat, In tho light j n better condition than at present, and 
and gravelly districts of Western New York, b a y G worked hard all winter; they havo 
suffers very little, it any, from rust or mil- boon fed regular upon tho following feed ; 
dow; whilo with us, the two groat causos ot ^2 lbs, cut hay and 8 quarts cob meal to 
damage are rust and winter-killing. I havo eac p horso per day. Horses, oxen and cows 
been thinking over the subject; and, as we are a u ; n g 0od health and condition, and I 
know that underdraining is a cure tor the ghoulo be happy to soo any person interest- 
latter, may it not also be a cure for the od j n agricultural matters, and let thorn 
former ? We have little if any land in this j u( ] a0 f 01 . themselves. 
district of country which does or has not ° - 
required underdraining. Now tho point to Plant a tree—train a vino—foster a 
which I wish to diroct attention is whether shrub—deposit a flower-seed and nurture 
the exemption from rust is not owing to the its blossom—paint the fence—“ slick up ” 
dryness of tho soil and subsoil? If it should the yard—fix the sidewalk,—in short, givo 
prove to be so, then we havo an additional heed to tho little things that constitute the 
inducement to underdrain. grand aggregate of public beauty. 
