MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
(Srtjmrtf anfo darton. 
BUDDING OR INNOCULATION. 
Budding and grafting are the two known 
modes of changing tho products of trees 
and shrubs, to those of a kindred character 
—modes known and practiced by the an 
cients as well as ourselves. In each method 
the living shoot or bud of tho one variety, 
is inserted and made to becomo a part of 
the other, and then produces tho same fruit 
which it would have done in its original or 
native position, with, perhaps, somo slight 
modification. Varieties of tho same species 
unite most freely, the species of tho same 
gonus, and their genera of the same natural 
order, but the greater tho affinity between 
tho bud or graft, and tho stock, the greater 
the succoss of the operation. This gene¬ 
ral rulo, however, has exceptions: thus tho 
wild and the cultivated cherry will not 
agree, though of the same species; and tho 
pear and the quince, though more distantly 
related than tho pear or tho apple, much 
better agree with each other, perhaps from 
like firmness of wood, which is very import¬ 
ant to success in grafting. 
Tho operation of budding is simple and 
easily performed—much more so than graft¬ 
ing—but each has its advantages, varying 
with the character of tho stock, and theob- 
joct sought to bo attained. Thrifty stocks 
alono admit of budding, while grafting best 
succeeds on those of slower growth. In the 
peach and nectarine it seldom fails, while 
grafting rarely succeeds. It is rapidly per 
formed, and admits of repetition tho samo 
summer, as failure does the stock no injury. 
But grafting requires less care subsequent 
ly; so tho nature of tho tree and tho con 
venience of tho nurseryman should well be 
consulted. It may bo added that in moist 
climates or seasons, grafting becomes most 
successful. 
Tho requisites for success in budding aro 
summed up by Thomas, in tho Fruit Cul- 
turist, as—First, a thrifty, rapidly growing 
stock, so that the bark will pool very freely. 
Secondly, a proper time; not too early, 
when there is little cambium, or mucilage- 
nous coment between the bark and tho wood 
for tho adhesion of the bud,—nor too Iato 
when tho bark will not pool freely, nor the 
subsequent growth sufficiently cement the 
bud to tho stock. 
Thirdly, buds sufficiently mature. 
Fourthly, a keen flat knifo, for shaving 
the hud, that it may lie close in contact up¬ 
on tho wood of tho stock, and 
Fifthly, tho application of a ligature with 
moderate pressuro, causing the bud to fit 
the stock closely. 
The following directions for budding are 
condensed from tho samo authority. Tho 
operation consists in introducing tho bud of 
ono treo, with a portion of bark and a litto 
adhering wood, beneath the bark of another, 
and upon tho face of tho nowly forming 
wood, which should only bo performed while 
the stock is in a state of vigorous growth. 
An incision is made longthwiso through the 
bark of the stock, and a small cut at rin-ht 
is cut off two inches or more above it. If 
cut closer, the end of the stock becomes too 
dry and tho bud often perishes. All other 
buds must bo then removed, and all tho 
vigor of tho stock or branch thrown into 
the remaining bud which immediately com¬ 
mences a rapid growth. 
if 
to 
To secure a straight and erect growth, the 
new shoot, when a few inches long, is tied to 
tho remaining stump of the stock, (fig. 7.) 
By another month, no further support will 
be needed, and tho stump may bo wholly cut 
away, and tho wound allowed to heal by tho 
rapid formation of now wood. Buds may 
bo mado to grow tho samo season, but it is 
found bettor to allow them to remain dor¬ 
mant. Tho various modifiactions, in tho 
modo of cutting and inserting which have 
been proposed, are found not to succeed as 
well as tho plan hero described. Spring 
budding may bo practiced as soon as the 
trees aro in leaf, if buds have been kept dor¬ 
mant for that purpose in an ice house or 
cool cellar. They will make a good growth 
the same season. I 
TEE AILANTHUS TREE. 
angles at tho top, tho whole somewhat ro- 
sembling tho letter T, (fig. 1.) A bud is 
then taken from a shoot of tho present 
year’s growth, by shaving off tho bark an 
inch or an inch and a half in length, with a 
small part of wood directly beneath tho bud, 
(fig. 2.) Tho edges of the bark at the in¬ 
cision in tho stock aro then raised a little, 
(fig. 3,) and tho bud pushod downwards un¬ 
der the bark, (fig. 4.) A bandage of bass, 
corn-husk, or other substanco, is wrapped 
round, covering all parts but tho bud. (fig. 5.) 
Tho pressuro should bo just sufficient to 
keep tho inserted portion closely to tho 
stock, but not such as to bruise or crush tho 
bark. 
Tho shoots containing tho buds should 
bo cut when so mature as to bo rather firm 
and hard in texture; they are usually in tho 
best condition after the terminal bud has 
formed. The loavos must bo immediately 
cut off, as thoy rapidly exhale tho moisture 
from tho shoot; about ono quarter of an 
inch of tho footstalks of tho leaves should 
remain to servo as handles for tho buds 
while inserting thorn, (fig. 6.) When by 
growth tho bandage cuts into tho stock, 
usually in ton days to threo weoks, it must 
bo romovod. Tho bud remains dormant 
until the following spring, when tho stock 
Simultaneously with the Chinese Rebel¬ 
lion, there has brokon out a crusade against 
tho only native of China that has over been 
successfully naturalized and adopted in this 
country. It is about twolvo years since tho 
“ Troo of Heaven” came over. Then it met 
with general favor. Its rapid growth, and 
hardy naturo, its straight, handsome trunk 
and thick luxuriant foliage, made it just tho 
thing for planting in city streets. It was 
said to combine the good qualities of tho 
horse chestnut, maple, elm, poplar and lin¬ 
den, all in ono. It was generally planted 
in Washington, Baltimore, New York and 
Philadelphia, and you can walk now under 
long shady avenues of it thero, while the 
young forest trees, by tho side of it, planted 
at tho samo time, are spindling and not half 
grown. Very few got as far north as this 
though it would grow perfectly well here. 
But in tho course of a low years it was 
discovered that tho flowers emitted a disa¬ 
greeable odor for two or threo weeks in 
.Juno, pervading the streets and obliging 
people to shut their windows. Doctors have 
experimented with it, and pronounce it un¬ 
wholesome. And of courso tho larger the 
trees grow, tho worse tho nuisance is. 
Whereupon thero arises a cry of “Down 
with the Ailanthus,” and its cursos come 
homo to roost in its own branchos. Ono or 
two Common Councils have passed resolu¬ 
tions at it, and all this month it has been an 
abomination in tho nostrils of nurserymen 
and newspapers Even the Homo Journal, 
whose editor wrote tho famous verses to the 
“Woodman,” &c., is unwilling to “spare 
that tree.” 
Fortunately, however, there is a remedy, 
short of total extermination. Only part of 
the trees bear the obnoxious blossoms.— 
The staminato and pistillate flowers aro on 
different trees, and it is only tho former that 
aro objectionable. Tho pistillate trees nev¬ 
er need bo destroyed, and if suckers taken 
from them only are planted, we shall soon 
bo rid ot tho trouble. We advise any man 
who thinks of cutting down an ailanthus to 
find out first whether it has actually borne 
tho blossoms, before ho does it. Otherwise 
ho may needlessly destroy what in five years 
will bo, if it is not now, tho chief ornament 
of his promises.— Alb. Eve. Journal. 
FRUIT VS. DRUGS. 
God made fruits, man makes pills. The 
first is a wholesome, delicious food, and in 
many instances an efficient modicine; tho 
last, generally noisome, disgusting poison 
occasionally curing some malady, but not 
unfrequently fastening another effectually 
in its placo. We do not mean to bo under¬ 
stood as asserting that tho uso of fruits will 
euro sudden, acute, or violent disease, but 
only, that if properly employed, may remove 
incipient illness, and keep off others to 
which the constitution or habit is liable.— 
Yes, wo will take ono important stop in ad 
vance of this assertion, and say that where 
an abundanco of wholesome, seasonable 
fruits aro judiciously used, with a reasona¬ 
ble observance of other ordinary rules for 
tho preservation of health, sickness will set 
dom or never occur. And how easy it is to 
provido a wholesomo and adequate supply 
must certainly be obvious to the most su" 
perficial observer.— Ex. 
To Cure Wounds in Fruit Trees.— Tho 
following directions wore published by Wil¬ 
liam Forsyth, King’s Gardener, in England, 
many years ago, and havo often been found 
valuable: 
“ Take ono bushel of fresh cow dung, 
half a bushel of lime rubbish from old build¬ 
ings, that from the ceiling of rooms is pre¬ 
ferable, half a bushel of wood ashes, and two 
quarts of fine sand. Tho three last articles 
to bo sifted fine, and then mixed with tho 
first, working them togothor until tho mix¬ 
ture is very smooth and soft, like plaster. 
The. treo is to bo prepared by carefully 
removing all decayed or injured portions, 
down to the sound, fresh wood, leaving the 
surface smooth, and rounding oft' tho edge 
of the bark very smooth. After this the 
above plaster is to be spread very carefully 
and smoothly over the cut surface and 
somewhat beyond. The plaster should be 
from an eighth to half an inch thick, and 
smoothly and thinly finished off at the 
edges. After the plaster has been spread, 
it should be dusted over with a mixture of 
four parts of dry ashes, to one part of fine 
sand once in twenty or thirty minutes, until 
tho moisture is all absorbed, and there is a 
smooth, dry surface. 
Planting. —Many shrubs, and even trees 
can be safely moved when in leaf: so says 
our correspondent, Mr. Miner, and so say 
wo. It should be done in a cloudy day ex¬ 
peditiously, and with care, so that there be no 
wilting.of tho loaf. June roses would hard¬ 
ly survive this treatment unless in special 
circumstances, nor would any plant with 
few- and straggling roots. On the other 
hand, full and fibrous rooted shrubs make 
no complaint.— Prairie Farmer. 
O 
Vinegar from Beets.— Grate the washed 
boots, express the juice in a cheese press, 
and put the liquor in an empty barrol; cov¬ 
er tho bung-hole with gauze, and placo it in 
the sun. In a few weeks the vinegar will 
bo good. It is said one bushel of sugar 
beets will make five or six gallons of vine¬ 
gar, which is probably nearly correct, as 
nine-tenths of tho substance of the beet is 
liquid, and each bushel of roots contains 
about equal to six gallons in measure, omit¬ 
ting tho interstices. 
How to get rid of Mosquitoes. —The oil 
oressonco of pennyroyal [the oil is the best,] 
sprinkled around the room, and over the 
bed clothes, before retiring to bed, has been 
found to answer admirably in correcting 
these rowdy insects of thoir calithumpian 
and bill-sticking propensities. It is a vol¬ 
atile article, and therefore can do no injury 
to tho clothes, while tho aromatic flavor is 
by no means disagreeable. 
Vegetable Soup for the Sick. —Two 
potatoes, two onions, two turnips, ono car¬ 
rot, a little parsley chopped fine, salt to tho 
taste. Cut tho potatoes in quarters, slice 
the onions, cut tho turnips in quarters, slico 
the carrot. Put all in a stew pan with throe 
pints of water. Boil it down to one quart 
About fifteen minutes before it is done add 
the parsley. Strain it and servo with light 
bread or toast. This is the recipe of a late 
eminent physician of Philadelphia. 
To cover Preserves. —Tho covering for 
preserves used by tho trade, instead of a 
b lad dor, is mado by brushing over sheets of 
wot paper, of the thickness and length re¬ 
quired, with linseed oil which has been pre¬ 
viously boiled. The sheets should bo bung 
on a string, and thoroughly dry before 
A good article on this subject urges (what I u , s ' n /v ^Y 3 material is also used lor tulip 
TRANSPLANTING EVERGREENS. 
wo havo long since endeavored to enforce) 
"that the roots ■while out of the ground , 
should be moist—that they should never for a. 
■moment even, become dry during the process 
of transplanting." Hence a rainy day is 
recommended in all casos, and especially 
where tho roots are denuded. A few ex¬ 
periments are givon. A long screen of Ar- 
bor-vitse wore set out in a stormy week, with 
the sod on. Six woro sot aside' in a tub of 
water — four wero loft exposed to a drying 
wind. Those four only diod, out of two 
hundred and ten. Tho six, after three 
weeks neglect in tho water, all survivod. 
Again, fifty Norway Spruces wore set out on 
a moist day. One, by mistake, was left, and 
received a few hours of sunshine—this onlv 
died. We havo succeeded well with some 
sorts, brought long distances, by insisting 
on tho instant immersion of the roots in 
water, as soon as up—packing in wet moss, 
kept soaked with wator—tho roots plungod 
in mud as soon as received, and laid in —and 
again mudded and tho earth well settled 
with water, when transplanted. Removing 
plenty of earth on tho roots — an infallible 
modo— bosidos prosorving all small fibres, 
keeps tho roots constantly moist.— Ex. 
Of 
■5© 
MK 
LIST OF PATENT CLAIMS 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
For the week ending July 5, 1853. 
Alanson Abbe, of Boston, Mass., for Improve¬ 
ment in Instruments for Correcting Lateral Devi¬ 
ations of the Spine. 
J. Cross, of New London, Ohio, for Improve¬ 
ment in Brushes. 
A. M. Day, of Bennington.Vt., for Improvement 
in Clavicle Adjusters. 
Geo. Hazlewood, of Boston, Mass., for Improved 
Cradle and Tete-a-tete. 
Chas. W. Lancaster, of New Bond street, Eng¬ 
land, for Improvement in the manufactureof Can¬ 
non and other Fire-arms. Patented in England, 
Jan. 16, 1851. 
Thos. L. Mitchell, of Birkenhead, England, for 
Improvement in Propelling Vessels. Patented in 
England, Nov. 25, 1848. 
John North, of Middletown, Conn., for Im¬ 
provement in Trusses. 
Wm. Porter and Edward A.Tuttle, of Williams¬ 
burg, N. Y,, for Improvement in Lanterns. 
Amzi C. Semple, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for Im¬ 
provement in Paddles for Vessels. 
Noah J. Tilghman, of Salisbury, Md., for Im¬ 
provement in Crow Killers. 
RE-ISSUE. 
David P. Bonnell, of Tecumseh, Mich., for Im¬ 
provement in the process of Flouring. Patented 
Aug 14, 1849. Re-issued July 5, 1853. 
DESIGNS. 
Nathaniel Waterman, of Boston, Mass., for De¬ 
sign for a Waffle Baker. 
VENTILATED RAILROAD CARS. 
shades, and as a substitute for glass in work¬ 
shops. It is perfectly wator proof. 
To make Rose Water. —Take two pounds 
of rose-loaves, placo them on a napkin tied 
round tho edges of a basin filled with hot 
water, and put a dish of cold wator upon 
tho loavos ; keep tho bottom water hot, and 
change tho wator at top as soon as it begins 
to grow warm. By this kind of distillation, 
you will extract a great quantity of tho es¬ 
sential oil ol tho roses by a process which 
cannot bo expensive. 
Burns. —For burns or scalds, apply dry 
Jlour at onco, and keep it on tho wound till 
it is healed. If it cannot bo made to stick, 
grease or oil tho part, so as to form a coat 
of it. We know a child a short time since, 
to burn tho back of its hand, so as to take 
oft tho skin entire. Tho flour relieved the 
pain instantly, and nnder its cover, tho 
wound healed in a few days. 
A new Seidlitz powder, in ono paper, is 
now used, and found to bo as useful as any. 
It is composed of ono part of bicarbonate of 
soda and two parts of bitarate of soda; half 
a toaspoonful is dissolved in spring wator. 
Every ono who has traveled on Railroads 
knows the annoyance, and often times suf¬ 
fering, arising from tho dust. Messrs. At¬ 
wood & Waterbury, of Watorbury, Conn., 
have, it is asserted, discovered an effectual 
preventative, so much so that when riding 
at the rato of thirty mile3 an hour, no more 
inconvenience is experienced from heat and 
dust, than whilo seated in tho parlor at 
homo. From tho Albany Journal we clip 
tho accompanying description of tho inven¬ 
tion, with tho expression of an ardent de¬ 
sire that tho improvement may bo speedily 
introduced into general use: 
The invention is extremely simplo. Tho 
air-box is constructed on either side of the 
tender, with an apparatus facing the engine, 
to receive tho air. The air thus received, 
rushes through this space into tho baggage 
car, and from that into tho passenger car—- 
tho whole train being thrown into ono vast 
saloon. All tho cars aro enclosed at the 
point of coupling, by India rubber canvass, 
put togother so as to be susceptible of very 
easy removal, if it is desired to separate the 
cars. Thero is a door on either side of the 
platform for tho ingress and egress of pas¬ 
sengers, which is only oponed after the train 
has stopped — the windows remaining fast¬ 
ened all tho time. 
When in motion, the train becomes a per¬ 
fect tube through which tho air. which finds 
admission at tho aperture on either side of 
tho tender, rushes with a force correspond¬ 
ing with tho motion of tho train. When 
going at tho rate of hut fifteen milos an hour, 
the air moved with sufficient force through 
tho car fartherest removed from the tender, 
to float a heavy silk pocket handkerchief; 
and it rushed through the doors (being of 
the ordinary size) with force enough to blow 
one’s hat off! And, best of all, in theso re¬ 
freshing breezes, not a particle of dust was 
perceptible. A ride, in a hot day, on a train 
thus equipped, is a luxury worth making a 
long journey to enjoy. 
Tho only drawback to this invention, is 
tho heat experienced when the train is 
stopped. It is somewhat oppressive, but 
not much more so than in other cars, while 
no dust is blended with tho hot air, render¬ 
ing every respiration but little better than 
tho oj)eration of a rasp upon tho lungs. 
BALLOON TRAVELLING. 
Mr. JonN Wise, of Lancaster, Pa., the 
hero, of we know not how many balloon as¬ 
censions, is agitating the question of an air 
voyage to Europe. He has made an esti¬ 
mate of tho cost of a transatlantic voyaoo, 
including balloon and outfit, which is as fol¬ 
lows : 
A globular balloon 125 feet in diameter, will re¬ 
quire 5,00b yards of silk at $2 per square yard. .$10,000 
100 gallons prepared linseed oil. 200 
Net work, grapnel and cordage. 300 
La**” - .'. 1,000 
Contingencies. I o(M) 
Sea-worthy boat, with masts and sails stowed away 
(probably). 
Provisions and water for eight men. 
Instruments... 
GRAIN HARVESTERS. 
A new Reaper has just been invented 
by a citizen of Brooklyn, N. Y., which can 
bo worked by ono horse, and it is said will 
cut twenty-five acres of grain in a day.— 
Four scythes with threo cradle frames aro 
fastened to the rim of a drum or cylinder, 
having a vertical or rotary motion. Tho 
drum for a medium sizo machine is to be six 
feet in diameter. Tho scythes aro so ar¬ 
ranged that every revolution of the cylinder 
simultaneously with the stroke, cuts and 
lodges the grain in & standing gavel inside 
the cylinder or drum, whence those who 
hold the machine can conveniently bend and 
dispose of the bundles of grain. This mode 
ot gathering tho grain wholly dispenses with 
raking. The grain is cut by the same kind 
of a stroke as is made with a hand-cradle. 
It is in fact the old modo of hand-cradling 
worked by machinery and worked by horse.’ 
So says a contemporary, but wo must have 
better proof beforo we can believe the state¬ 
ment. 
J. Faber, of Farmers Hill, N. Y., has ta¬ 
ken measures to secure a patent for an im- 
pioveraent in tho abovo. Tho invention re¬ 
lates to a mode of hanging tho cutter bar to 
a swing or balance frame hung locfeiy upon 
the axles of the two wheels, whereby the 
cutters may bo elevated abovo tho ground 
sufficiently to pass any obstruction which 
may interfere, or to pass inequalities of sur¬ 
face ; two sots or series of cutters are em¬ 
ployed upon two cutter bars, and tho teeth 
being triangular or saw-shaped, operate like 
sheais upon each other. The cutter bars 
are thrown in and out of gear with the driv¬ 
ing wheel, and by a very simple arrangement 
placed on tho top of tho balance frame 
which is under the control of the driver. ’ 
A new machine for harvesting grain has 
been invented by James N. Wilson Isaiah 
Marsh, and George Kirk, of Waukegair Ill 
In the construction of this machine several 
important featuros havo been observed by 
tho imentors. Among them is a mode of 
preventing the teeth or cutters from be¬ 
coming clogged by leaves of grass, &c.; this 
is effected by making the fingers, through 
which tho sickle or cutter bar slilos, open 
upon the top, and adding a set of small 
clamps to keep (he cutter bars in their 
proper place. Several other alleged im¬ 
provements aro introduced, which cannot 
bo properly described in this place. Meas¬ 
ures have been taken to secure a patent. 
LNPROVED RAILROAD CAR SEAT. 
. Jon * T - Hammett, of Philadelphia, has 
invented a car seat so constructed that the 
person seated in it . may, at pleasure, and 
without tho slightest inconvenience, regulato 
its position, either tor sitting upright or re¬ 
clining in it. The particular improvement 
that has been patented in this instance, is 
the power of operating the leg-rest from the 
motion of tho seat and back, by means of a 
lever and rod. The leg-rost is hinged to tho 
iront edge ot the seat and connected by a 
link to a lever, the fulcrum of which is 
joined to tho under sido of tho seat, and the 
lever operated by the standing frame of the 
chair. By moving the person backward or 
forward, tho chair may be reclined or 
brought up, and by means of a simply ar¬ 
ranged latch, can bo readily locked or 
fastened, so as to remain in the position de¬ 
sired. 
As designed for uso in railroad cars, two 
of these chairs aro placed side by side’, but 
are yet kept so essentially independent of 
each other that either of two passsengors 
sitting in adjoining seats, may choose his 
position without interfering in tho least with 
his neighbor. This is an important advan¬ 
tage, as one may bo disposed to sleep or lie 
at length, when another may prefer to keep 
awake or sit.up. Tho chairs are capablo of 
being.fitted in a car at the short distanco of 
four feet apart, on a direct line, running tho 
length of the car, and when extended hori¬ 
zontally, will lie a angle of about forty-five 
degrees. Each seat declines slightly from 
the front edge, so as to prevent ono from 
slipping off with jolting motion of tho trains, 
and the back is furnished with a sliding 
head-rest, which may be adjusted to suit the 
convenience of the occupant.— Phila. U. S. 
Gazette. 
A NEW PRINTING PRESS. 
Coal gas, decarbonizc>(i 550,000 cubic ft, (probably) 
Ballast.... 
5,000 
100 
500 
2,500 
100 
Total cost.$20,000 
Mr. Wise estimates that tho trip would re¬ 
quire but forty-eight hours. After deduct¬ 
ing tho weight of materials, &c., of eight 
men and their provisions, and 2000 pounds 
for ascensive power to start with, he esti¬ 
mates thero would bo a reserve of 25 195 
pounds left for mails and weight. ’ He 
awaits the encouragement of the public, and 
says ho does not ask or oxpect any assist¬ 
ance until he has demonstrated the princi¬ 
ple and made at least ono successful trip 
from some of tho Western cities to the sea¬ 
board. Mr. Wise is a veteran aeronaut, and 
we hope ho will be furnished with tho means 
of carrying out his experiment—provided, 
of course, that he succeeds in demonstrating 
his principle. Wo should bo slow to pro¬ 
nounce tho idea of crossing the Atlantic by 
balloon an absurdity.—JY. E: Farmer. 
The Milwaukee Sentinel says that Mr. S. 
W. Carpenter, late of the Madison Domo- 
ci at, has succeeded in inventing a now print- 
ing press which has some very groat im¬ 
provements. It is expoctod that one will 
be exhibited at the World’s Fair. Three of 
its prominent features are theso -.—First, it 
feeds itself, and does it perfectly. Second, 
it works both sides of tho sheet at once; tho 
half cylinder rocking to and fro, printing 
one sido of tho sheet, as tho bed plate move! 
forward, and the othor sido as it comes 
back. Tho registry, too, is as accurate as 
machinery can make it. Third, tho Press 
registers ‘its own work; a clock face, with 
hands on the side, showing at oach moment 
the number of sheets, as well as tho number 
of tokens worked oft—being much less com¬ 
plicated than the Hoe Presses. Mr. Car¬ 
penter expects to furnish them at greatly 
reduced prices. In running them, too, lie 
saves expense, as one man can tend the 
press and the engine at tho same time. 
Piano Forte Improvement. —A new at¬ 
tachment to piano fortes has been invented 
and patented by Mr. Driggs, of Detroit. 
which is called the Linguino Attachment._ 
It is on the same principle as the yEolian 
attachment, and combines with the regular 
piano the peculiar bell-like quality of tho 
music box. It is supposed that the Lin¬ 
guino attachment will bo of great benefit in 
accompanying voices. 
!!> 
! 
The total loss of reason is less deplorable 
j than the total deprivation of it. 
V 
