24S 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
Written for the Rural New-Yorker. 
EDUCATION OF TEE FARMER. 
“ He will do for a farmer,” is a very com¬ 
mon saying, in regard to a certain class 
whose education seems to have been neg¬ 
lected, or whose natural genius seems to 
lack that, spirit and energy which some oth¬ 
ers exhibit. Who does not romember the 
old New England custom, of “educating 
one in a family ?” All the rest must stay at 
homo, and dig among the stones of tho hills, 
while tho favored one is sent to coilego.— 
Honor enough to have one in the family 
“ educated.” Honor enough to have one, 
who could teach, preach or “get a living 
without work,” as they used to say. No 
one ever dreamed of educating the farmer. 
One mind must bo enlarged, one intellect 
expanded by a timely and judicious train¬ 
ing, but the rest may bo left to grow by 
dint of their own native powers. They are 
to make nothing but farmers or mechanics, 
and why spend timo and money upon their 
education ? 
Now there lies a grand mistako at the 
very commencement of this theory. In the 
first place every human mind, to whom God 
hath given its own characteristic powers, 
should bo educated, should bo trained.— 
The very fact that we have minds possess¬ 
ing such vast susceptibilities amply estab¬ 
lishes this doctrine. Tho mind, the human 
mind, so magnificent in its character, was 
never intended to rust and become dark, 
through indifference and neglect. If it is 
essential for one to bo educated and trained, 
why not for another ? If it is carrying out 
the design, read upon its own character, in 
our case, surely it is defeating that design 
by neglecting it in another. Why should 
man bo educated ? Is it essential to his 
happiness ? Can ho be more happy and 
more useful ? Can he not more readily 
comprehend tho mysterious things connect¬ 
ed with his existense ? To the ignorant 
and unlearned, nature is a sealed book.— 
Her various pages appear perfect blanks, or 
filled with arbitary and inexplicable charac¬ 
ters. But the educated mind delights to read 
upon every page, something new and use¬ 
ful. Shall this pleasure bo afforded to one 
and denied to another ? Nay, we cannot 
resist the truth, that every mind should be 
educated, the more thoroughly the better. 
Of course I speak now without reference 
to any particular calling. We speak some¬ 
times of a “thorough” or a “liberal educa¬ 
tion,” and it is nothing less than this to 
which I refer. But a “thorough educa¬ 
tion” implies far more than many imagine. 
To be thoroughly educated, is to bo pre¬ 
cisely qualified to perform whatever we un¬ 
dertake. A person that can do only one 
thing, that can talk of but one thing, is but 
very partially educated. But how should 
the farmer be educated ? It may be an¬ 
swered—“ let him learn to read, 'write and 
cypher.” This by many is thought to bo 
all that can possibly bo of any practical use 
to the farmer. “It will do for tho farmer” 
—“nothing but a farmer.” But why in the 
design of education, should not the farmer 
be educated as thoroughly as anybody ?— 
And then when wo como to consider the 
dignity of the husbandman’s calling, we 
shall find many reasons to show that, if any 
one should bo neglected, it should not be 
tho farmer. 
Truly, it does not seem to requiro a great 
deal of geometry or philosohpy to hold a 
plow, or to manage a pair of oxen or horses, 
—but this is but a small portion of the great 
science of Agriculture. Turn out none of 
your dull, stupid boys for farmers, unless 
you wish to injure the reputation of a science 
which lies at the foundation of all others.— 
They will do better in tho law office, or 
among drugs and medicines, than in tilling 
tho earth. The business of Agriculture af¬ 
fords ample scope for the contemplation of 
the most gigantic intellectual powers. It 
implies tho solution of that common, yet 
wonderful problem—tho transformation of 
the dark earth into the beautiful iiowers 
and green foliage of summer. 
Some suppose the hand that has been 
wont to touch the classics, tho mind that 
can appreciate the beauties of refined liter¬ 
ature, or perform feats of mathematical re¬ 
search should never dim its beauty or mar 
the lustre of its greatness by going to farm¬ 
ing. False idea that agriculture can pos¬ 
sibly mar the splendor of intellectual great¬ 
ness ! The greatest men that ever lived 
were practical farmers. Tho farmer is 
brought into immediate intercourse with the 
works of Nature. And it is always a mark 
of a great want of true intellectual great¬ 
ness, when wo Bhrink from communion with 
Nature. If wo have a taste for the beauti¬ 
ful,—“ Behold tho lilies of the field— Solo¬ 
mon in all his glory was not arrayed like 
one of these.” If we delight in tho wonders 
of philosophy or chemistry, where can we 
find so ample a laboratory ? And in the 
quiet of a farmer’s life, there is a sweet and 
almost sacred influence thrown around the 
hours of contemplation and* study. Lot 
“ 'progress’ be our motto. More anon. 
J. W. Barker. 
Kendall Mills, N. Y., 1853._ _ 
A SCHOOL INCIDENT. 
In my early years, I attended the public 
school in Itoxbury, Mass. Dr. Nathaniel 
Prentice was our respected teacher; but his 
patience, at times, would get nearly exhaust¬ 
ed by the infractions of tho school rules by 
the scholars. On one occasion, in rather 
a wrathy way, he threatened to punish with 
six blows of a heavy ferule, the first boy 
detected in whispering, and appointed some 
as detectors. Shortly after, one of those 
detectors shouted—“Master, John Zeigler 
is whispering.” John was called up, and 
asked if it was a fact—(John, by the way, 
was a favorite, both of tho teacher and his 
school-mates.) “Yes,” answered John, “I 
was not aware what I was about. I was in¬ 
tent in working out a sum, and requested 
the one who sat next to reach me the arith¬ 
metic that contained tho rule, which I 
wished to see.” The Doctor regretted his 
hasty threat but told John he could not suf¬ 
fer him to escape tho punishment, and con¬ 
tinued, “ I wish I could avoid it, but I can¬ 
not, without a forfeiture of my word, and 
tho consequent loss of my authority. I 
will” continued ho, “ leave it to any threo 
scholars you may choose, to say whether or 
not I oinit the punishment.” John said ho 
was agreed to that, and immediately called 
out G. S., T. I)., and D. P. D. Tho Doc¬ 
tor told them to return a verdict, which they 
soon did, (after consultation.) as follows :— 
“ The master’s word must be kept invio¬ 
late—John must receive the threatened 
punishment of six blows of the ferule ; but 
it must bo inflicted on volunteer proxies; 
and wo, the arbitrators, will share tho pun¬ 
ishment by receiving two blows each."— 
John, who "had listened to the verdict, step¬ 
ped up to the Doctor, and with outstretched 
hand, exclaimed, “ Master, here is my hand ; 
they shan’t bo struck a blow ; I will receive 
the punishment.” Tho Doctor, under pro- 
tence of wiping his face, shielded his eyes, 
and telling the boys to go to their seats, 
said ho would think of it. I believe ho did 
think of it to his dying day, but the punish¬ 
ment was never inflicted.— Cin. Times. 
Cju feinnst. 
For the Rural New-Yorker. 
TAXATION. 
STICK TO IT, YOUNG MAN. 
TriE very doctrino of all others, “ Stick 
to it.” Who ever knew a mortal enrol him¬ 
self under this banner, and come out tho 
little end of the horn ? Nobody, we’ll be 
bound. Its principle, acted up to with rec¬ 
titude, purpose, heart and soul, would keep 
any man above water and in blue sky. 
“ Stick to it.” It’s tho very history, all 
experience, the triumph of mind, art, litora 
ture, every great and noble work is its di¬ 
rect and appropriate illustration. Ho who 
would bo, do, gain, mako, save, achieve any¬ 
thing, in whatever department of life, trade, 
politics, religion, philanthrophy, or love, 
must make it his first and last object of so¬ 
licitude—tho Alpha and Omega of aspira¬ 
tion and action. 
Tell us, young man, who ever did a thing 
worth a note, that did not “ stick to it.”— 
Look around among your acquaintances, 
and see who is, and who is not “ something.” 
In him who is deservedly famous and hon¬ 
ored, you will find tho man who, years ago, 
in tho strength, determination, energy, and 
light of an all-conquering resolution said, 
“ I’ll stick to it,” and who did, and has stuck 
to it ever since. 
Yfhat has made great lawyers, statesmen, 
divines, artists ? What has made a Web¬ 
ster, a Choate, a Brougham, a Kossuth ?— 
Simply and solely, and truly, by choosing 
something real and vital, and “ sticking to 
it.” And if you wish, or expect, or mean 
to do or be anything, you have got to do 
likewise. Then choose, and “ stick to it .”— 
Armed with its principles and inspiration, 
you may rise to undreamed of heights— 
wanting it, you may sink to unthought of 
depths.— Pettengill s Reporter. 
YOUNG MEN ON THRONES. 
Some of the most important empires on 
tho globe, are now ruled by young men.— 
The Emperor of China, Ilien Fung, is now 
in tho twenty-second year of his age, and 
the third of his reign. It will be recollect¬ 
ed that he is of tho Tartar or Tutsing dy¬ 
nasty. Prince Chu-kisin, of the Ming dy¬ 
nasty, who aspires to tho throne of China, 
is about nineteen years old. The Sultan, 
or Shah of Persia, Nasser-ad-din, is about 
twenty years of age. Abdul-Medjid-khan, 
tho Sultan of Turkov, was born in April, 
1823—of course he now is little over thirty 
years of age. The Emperor Francis Jo¬ 
seph, of Austria, is nearly twenty-three, 
having been born in August, 1830. Ho as¬ 
cended the imperial throne in December, 
1848. These empires embrace more than 
one-third of tho population of the world. 
The Use of Geological Knowledge.— 
In several counties of Ohio, whero it was 
supposed coal existed to the extent of a few 
rods, or a hundred yards at most, tho geol¬ 
ogist informed them that they might con¬ 
sider their supply inoxhnastible. Tho rise 
in real estate, in different counties, was va¬ 
riously estimated at from ono hundred 
thousand dollars to five hundred thousand 
dollars, when it was known that manufactur¬ 
ing means were possessed in such unexpect¬ 
ed abundance. Professor John Locke, to 
whom was assigned the south-western por¬ 
tion of the State, in a few moments demon¬ 
strated to the inhabitants of West Union 
that the rock under their feet was well 
suited for limo. They had previously been 
1 hauling lime a number of miles. 
The legitimate object of Government is 
to promote the general good of community, 
or rather to protect each individual in 
his inalienable rights, namely, “ Life, Lib¬ 
erty and the pursuit of Happiness,”—but 
it is certainly much to be regretted that 
too many Governments are made to benefit 
tho Governors, at tho expense of the Pro¬ 
ducers, who are fleeced to enrich the office¬ 
holders. Governments are termed free in 
proportion as they protect each and every 
one in tho enjoyment of thoso natural rights. 
There aro few Governments at tho present 
day that do not protect by Law, the Lives, 
and Liberties of their subjects,—so that the 
principal difference between a despotic and 
free Government, is in their infringment on 
the rights of community in tho pursuit of 
their various vocations, and in tho amount 
that the Government takes from tho gov¬ 
erned. A despotic government taxes, and 
fleeces its subjects, to support the office¬ 
holders in luxury and oxtravaganco, but in 
a free government the office-holders are the 
servants of the people, and receive a rea¬ 
sonable compensation for tho services they 
render. 
But, howovor free a government may bo> 
or however economically it may be adminis¬ 
tered, it must have some of tho earnings of 
community to defray tho necessary expen¬ 
ses of the administration ; and it is just and 
equitable that all should bear their portion 
of tho burthen in proportion to their ability 
to do so. Thcro aro threo distinct modes, 
(or ways,) of raising revenue, or of procur¬ 
ing from community the means to defray 
tho expenses of Government,—First, a tax, 
or duty levied on tho productions and pro¬ 
ducts of foreign countries, that aro import¬ 
ed; and when thoso duties aro judiciously 
levied so as to encourage home production, 
it is the most just method of raising reve¬ 
nue. Second—a tax on luxuries, thus ma¬ 
king the extravagant and wealthy bear their 
proportion of the oxpenso of Government. 
Third—a tax on property, or what is called 
a property tax, but it is in reality a tax on 
tho producers, to tho exemption of a numer¬ 
ous portion of community, who generally 
receive more yearly income then the pro¬ 
ducers do, yet pay no tax on the capital 
from which they derive their inc ome. 
jn this country there is no property tax 
paid to tho General Government, and but 
little to tho State,— but tho town, county, 
and city taxes are enormous, and are in¬ 
creasing with double ratio, and if they con¬ 
tinue thus to increase, the question may 
justly bo asked, How long will wo deservo 
the name of a Freo Government ? Prop¬ 
erty is the fruit of Industry; there is no 
other real wealth. Gold and silver aro only 
the representatives of property, as a rnodi- 
um of exchange; if there were no produc¬ 
ers. they would bo valueless, and houses, and 
lands would avail very little, unless they 
were occupied and cultivated. 
For tho sake of distinction, I will divide 
property into threo parts or classes, viz., 
Capital, Wealth, and Salary; and capital 
can again be divided into two classes, Prop¬ 
erty Capital, and Professional Capital. 
Property Capital, is that which is neces¬ 
sary for tho operators to have, to carry on 
their various vocations of every desci’iption, 
to enable them to be producers, and it is 
taxed as property. A woodsman’s ax is his 
capital, without which ho could not be a 
producer; tho mechanic’s shop and tools, 
aro his capital; and to the cultivator of tho 
soil, their farms, stock, and tools, are only 
their capital, to enable them to be produc 
ers. And it is the same with all operators 
of every description,— the amount of prop¬ 
erty necessary to carry on their business, is 
their capital, and that capital is taxed by a 
property tax. (Production is hero intended 
to apply to all vocations of every descrip¬ 
tion that creates, or increases value, or adds 
to tho comfort, convenience, or prosperity 
of society, by personal services rendered.) 
And tho real value of such capital, (or prop¬ 
erty as it is called,) is tho amount that the 
operator realizes from his labor by using it, 
and not tho cash valuo that it may be as 
sossed at. 
Professional capital, is tho knowledge and 
skill of the professional man, in his voca¬ 
tion, and is his capital from which he re 
ceives his income, but on which he pays no 
tax. A professional man, who receives, say 
$800 per annum by his vocation, has a cap¬ 
ital of equal valuo to him, as the capital (or 
property) of the mechanic or farmer who 
receives the same amount from their labor, 
—yet the latter aro heavily taxed on their 
capital, and tho othor is exempt. Wealth 
is that class of property which tho owner 
receives an income from, without his per¬ 
sonal services,— such as houses, lands or 
money at interest, &c., &c. Tho wealthy 
generally pay little property tax, in propor¬ 
tion to their moans. The tax on the 
houses and farms are commonly paid by the 
occupants, and money is easily kept out of 
sight. 
Tho third class of Property is Salary.— 
To office-holders in every vocation, who re¬ 
ceive salaries, the office is their capital, and 
is of the samo value to them, in proportion 
to tho amount that they receive,as the cap¬ 
ital of tho producers is to them, viz., tho 
property of the mechanic or the farmer who 
receives the same amount from their labor, 
—yet tho office-holders pay no tax on their 
capital. 
A portion of tho property taxed is gene¬ 
rally equitable, viz., that assessed on dwell¬ 
ing houses, but that is vory small in propor¬ 
tion to the amount that is levied on the pro¬ 
ducer’s capital, and especially the farmers, 
for their capital is estimated as property at 
a much higher cash value than any other 
portion of community; but their income in 
proportion to their labor, is generally not 
so much as others. Yet they aro by far the 
heaviest tax-payers. Thoso that aro em¬ 
ployed in what is called the honorary pur¬ 
suits, are exempt from taxation on their 
capital, though they receive more yearly 
compensation than tho practical producers 
do. 
A property tax is an oppressive burthen 
levied on tho producers; it is arbitrary in 
its collection, unequal in its burthen, and 
often unjust. It also takes a large amount 
from tho producers capital, that ought to 
bo employed in their business, which crip¬ 
ples their exertions and lessons their pro¬ 
ductions, and never ought to bo resorted to 
but in cases of absolute necessity. 
W. Garbutt. 
Wheatland, N. Y., 1853 . 
Remarks.— It may bo proper to state that 
the above articlo was written some timo ago, 
and intended for publication while some of 
our dignitaries were gravely discussing tho 
propriety of taxing tho producers to pay for 
enlarging tho canals. Thinking it hardly 
appropriate for the pages of the Rural, wo 
at first doubted tho propriety of its publica¬ 
tion, and before deciding it was mislaid.— 
The article has just turned up, and wo give 
it, without fully endorsing all its views, and 
of course leaving the matter open for proper 
discussion.— Eds. 
Jlcabhtg. 
Written for the Rural New-Yorker. 
WHAT IS FAITH 1 
BY CLARA. 
Faith is a sweet assurance that beyond this world of 
toil and pain, is one where sorrow, sin and death can never 
enter,—a place where “the v/ickeu cease from troubling 
and the weary are at rest:” By faith arc we made parta¬ 
kers of the sacrifice that was offered for a sinful world. 
’Tis Faith that helps when troubles rise. 
To lift our thoughts above the skies. 
And when the soul with sin oppressed, 
Would fain on Christ its burden cast, 
Faith sweetly says, “ Your sin’s forgiven,* 
And seals your passport into heaven. 
’Tis Faith that dries the mourner’s fear 
And gently whispers, “ Christ is near; 
’Tis he that holds affliction’s rod; 
‘ Be still and know that he is God.’ ” 
By Faith we know of worlds above,* 
Where naught is found save joy and love; 
Where we, when sufferings all are o’er. 
May sing Ills praise forever more. 
01 may we while we sojourn here, 
Oppressed with sorrow, sin and care, 
E’er “ walk by faith, and not by sight,” 
And reach at length yon world of light. 
And, knowing that without faith it is impossible to 
please God, let it (in the language of the disciples.) be our 
earnest, unceasing prayer, “ Lord, increase our faith.’’ 
True. —The more a man accomplishes, 
the more he may. An activo tool never 
grows rusty. You always find the most en¬ 
terprising the most busy. Men of industry 
start our railroads, our steamships, machine 
shops, and our factories. We go for activ¬ 
ity—in body, in mind, in everything. Iveop 
all things in motion. We would rather 
have death find us breasting a whirlpool 
than sneaking from a cloud. 
CO 
S 
“Attemptthe end,and never stand to doubt; 
Nothing’s so hard, but search will find it out." 
For the Rural New-Yorker. 
MISCELLANEOUS ENIGMA, 
I am composed of 25 letters. 
My 2, 24, 19, 25 is part of the human body. 
My 3, 19, 22, 18 is not to be trusted. 
My 8, 19, 21, 15, 19, 6, 22, 2 is one of the U. S. 
My 12, 18, 6, 4, 10 is a musical instrument. 
My 15, 7, 4, 3, 11, 15 is a great blessing. 
My 8, 17, 3, 12,23 is a delicious fruit. 
My 21, 12, 18, 12, 23, 16, 5 is a county officer. 
My 13, 19, 5, 9 is what we use but dread. 
My 12, 25, 1, 13, 19, 24, 10, 14 is a kind of gas. 
My 11, 20, 4 is a favorite beverage. 
My whole is what multitudes are anxious to 
see accomplished. h. l. b. 
Pittsford, N. N., July, 1853. 
Answer next week. 
For the Rural New-Yorker. 
CHARADE. 
My first is the name of a youag gentleman of 
our acquaintance. 
My second is one of the class of beings that no 
longer exist. 
My third is an operation engaged in by many, 
but none of the best. 
My whole is the beginning of all things, con¬ 
tains all things, and yet is short and easy. 
Hartwick Seminary, July, 1853. c. a. s. 
Answer next week. 
A PUZZLE. 
Write 49 different numbers in a square form, 
so that the sum total of each line, each way from 
top to bottom, and from right to left,—also cross¬ 
ing the centre diagonally, both ways,—shall num¬ 
ber a product of 175. o. y. o. 
Fenner, N. Y., 1853. 
Answer next week. 
Correction. —In the Question in the Rural of 
July 9, the word East should read West. 
Written for Moore’s Rural New-Yorker. 
A DAUGHTER IN HEAVEN. 
Mother, your child is gone, to return no 
more on earth. No more will your homo 
bo bright with the sunshine of hor faco, ever 
wreathed with a smile of love: no more re¬ 
sound with the music of that voice gladden¬ 
ing your heart liko tho wild notes of a bird 
in early spring. You say sho is dead, and 
go to weep upon her grave. If sho had 
gono from your homo, the bride of the best 
man on earth, ono gifted with all to mako 
her happy, you would weep at ber departure, 
yet rejoicing because sho may lean on tlie 
arm of one who will be strong to sustain ber 
when you aro bowed by the weight of years. 
You were anxious that sho might have a 
homo, and a life companion beside whom 
sho would not bo overwhelmed by adverse 
fortune. She has a home, bright with tho 
presence of the Eternal. Your child is the 
companion of Him who said, “ When thou 
passost through the waters I will bo with 
thee.” Sho rests in the bosom of Him that 
said, “He that cometli to mo I will in no wise 
cast out.” Go, weep upon her grave, as our 
Saviour wept at that of Lazarus; but re¬ 
member, hers is a bliss unknown to tho 
happiest bride of earth. 
Then opon tho chambers of thy boart to 
tho living light of heaven, and rejoice, O 1 
mother, in all they tribulation ; for 
“ It is well with the child : it is well.” 
_ Suissac. 
MAN’S NOBLEST ACT. 
I have said that in works of benevolence 
human exertion produces the greatest and 
tho most permanent effect. History is fillod 
with illustrations of the truth of this remark. 
The world has tor nearly two thousand years 
been filled with tho fame of Julius Closer. 
He was the master spirit of his age; and 
strongly was that age agitated by the work¬ 
ings of his genius. But what traces hath 
ho left upon tho agos that have como after 
him ? In what is the world now tho hotter, 
or the worso, for his having lived ? You 
and I would liavo been as wise and as happy, 
though his fame and achievements had never 
passed tho limits of Brundusium. But it is 
not so with the labors of tho apostle of tho 
Gentiles. Tho effect of his life is seen in 
tho revolution of a world from Paganism 
to Christianity. Everything wo behold 
around us, which distinguishes us from tho 
savage Britons, bears witness to the changes 
which, through tho power of the Gospel, ho 
has wrought in the destinies of man. 
Of Charles V. I have read much, but I 
see nothing on the face of society that re¬ 
minds me of his existence. But this solemn 
temple, tho liberty to worship God within its 
consecrated walls, tho civil freedom of our 
commonwealth, and of our country, and all 
that career of improvement on which tho 
age has entered, all, all of it does homage 
to tho name of Martin Luther. Such ex¬ 
amples as theso—and history is full of them 
—teach us, that in the work of benovolenco, 
man may act worthily of his high destina¬ 
tion. They teach us, moreover, that this is 
tho cause, and tho only cause, to tho succoss 
of which tho Omnipotence of God is pledg¬ 
ed, and which therefore, though overy other 
should fail, shall infallibly succeed. But wo 
are not left to conjecture on this subjoct.— 
Jehovah himself hath promised that vice 
and misery shall yet bo done away from our 
world, and that it shall be done away by 
human efforts; and planting on Calvary tho 
cross of his well beloved Son, ho hath loft 
to the uuivorso the all-sufficient guarantee, 
that the work shall yet bo fully and iri- 
nmphantly accomplished.— W 'ay land. 
ANSWER TO ENIGMA, &c., IN NO. 29. 
Answer to Miscellaneous Enigma —A Garden 
or Fire Engine. 
Answer to Charade— Work-man-ship. 
[In order to receive attention, all Enigmas, &c~, 
must be accompanied with correct answers.] 
Some years ago, soveral young Scotchmen 
came in compamy to Now York. On tho 
following day, which was tho Sabbath, it was 
proposed to go out and see tho city, and its 
environs. All assented except one. He 
had been charged by his father, on leaving 
homo, not to break the Sabbath. Ho would 
not disobey him. In a few years ho was 
possessor of a largo estate, and his compan¬ 
ions were in tho drunkard’s grave. He was 
visitod by a Mr. C.-, who asked him 
“ How did you accumulate your wealth ?’ 
He answered, “ By strictly observing the 
Sabbath.” 
