VOLUME IV. NO. 32. !- 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORZER : 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper* 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AX ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. — SATURDAY, AUGUST 6, 1853. 
i WHOLE NO. 188. 
naturally diverted attention from the wheat fishing, killing seals, or frequenting tho diminishing its use until that charge is thoy ever were in a state of nature. Nei- 
crop. The remunerative prices of corn, coasts of tho guano islands without a license lessened. ther is it safe to follow an untried theory 
barley, and other coarse grains, must also from tho State ; and in 1841, thoy establish- Can these vast reservoirs of nitrogen, the Experience, an enlightened experience, is 
havo tended to influence many farmers to od a monopoly in tho export of guano found main desideratum for worn out and exhaust- tho only safo guide ; honco tho valuo of a^- 
adopt a different system. And, moreover, on its own territories, and protected tho ed lands, continue to lie undisturbed ?—and ricultural publications, that wo may avail 
r.hn nrilirn nr nnrt.m.1 fuilnvr» A _;x i_a -x mi „ . .. . 1 ? J 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and tho e " tlr0 or parfcial faduro of the wheat places of deposit by armed steamors. The will American Farmers remain indifferent ourselves of tho experience of others, 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity cr0 P for several years past, in somo dis- heavy import thus exacted by the Peruvian to their best interests? Will not the zeal Otsego County, n. y., 1853. 
8 ° o f wi t° I° St ’ f SC0UragGd b “ Government, taken in connection with the of their European brethren, provoke very T^SToT WEEDS ' 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests tl0m sowin g ^e past season, and induced depressed state of Agriculture in Europe, many to go and do likewise ? T ER ON WEEDS, 
it advocates, it embraces more Agricultural, Hortichi- them to enter into other atad more certain must militate greatly to the disadvantage of N. Davidson Rrupatw AccornTNo . 
from sowing the past season, and induced 
them to enter into other and more certain 
depressed state of Agriculture in Europe, many to go and do likewise ? 
must militate greatly to the disadvantage of N. Davidson Redpath. 
tho Old Country farmer. In our own coun- Allegan county, Mich., July, 1853. 
CHAPTER ON WEEDS. 
hi-flor'icr. 
tnem to enter into other a'hd more certain must militate greatly to tho disadvantage of 
and piofitable branches of culture and tho Old Country farmer. In our own coun¬ 
husbandry. try, too, although differently situated, the 
These causes, combined, if existing to tho offsets of this monopoly cannot fail to bo 
extont wo havo been led to believe, must injurious. 
DEEP TILLAGE, MANURING, &c. 
Eds. Rural :—Of late I have noticed sev- 
“ T » W T ■ ; ^cuiumu, norncui- — - — anu mum cercani must militate greatly to tho disadvantage of N. Davidson Redpatii. According to philosophers nature thro’ 
Zi 1Cn U e amC ’ y !md Ne "' S Matter_ and profitable branches of culture and tho Old Country farmer. In our own coun- Allegan county, Mich., auly, 1853 . all her works ahW* ’ w / 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- fmsbm 1 • T J . muui uiuiluuii o _ _ail nei WOlkS, abhors a vacuum. Water,air 
ings—than any other paper published in this Country. " t13 ' try > too > although differently situated, the DEEP TILLAGE, MANURING, &c. and grass U P various interstices which 
tw For Terms, & c ., see last page, These causes, combined, if existing to the effects of this monopoly cannot fail to bo —— ’ ' otherwise would bo an aching void; even 
— -L!_ _ _ extont wo have been led to boliovo, must injurious. Eos. Rural Of late I have noticed sov- tho surface of the earth, if not otherwise 
Qjj} | WY ( „lf influence prices but whether they are of Although guano has hitherto borne the c |al inteiesting articles connected with the pro-occupied, is covered with vegotation 
liltl ill ttXlltX. Sufl . iciont woi f ht t0 induco g r °wers to hold palm as a fertilizer, yet owing to the mo- abovo sub j GGt > and especially one from Mr. an d what to a superficial observer of nature 
Go their wheat in expectation of a matorial nopolizing policy of tho Government of boxl '‘> °* Michigan, published in the Rural appears a curse, is, in reality, a blessing al- 
P'-f)''TPC!q and Tmnrmm 7~' adv ' ancG > becomes a question of considerable Peru, whence tho best and chief supplies ot , July lG ’ m which that gentleman, among though to many it mav have the appearance 
_ P menl '_ importance to producers. Though it is not were obtained, the export of tho articlo was ot “ er things, says To satisfy my own 0 f a'blessing in disguise. The luxuriant 
THE WHEAT crop op pw our province to advise such a course, wo taxed to a degree that deprived the agricul- mind and convince tbo unbelieving, tho grasses which cover our prairies aro not less 
_ ‘ cannot resist tho conviction that it would tural community of tho full benefit of its s P ade has often been called into requisition, essential to tho future production of the soil 
Now that tho harvest is ondod. and grain n0t only bo ° ntireIy safe > but perhaps high- application to tho extont to which it would and tbo rosldt °f every examination was than to tho present sustenance of tho vast 
secured, tho yield of the crop, and probable l y advantageous ’ for thoso who can to wait bo available, if it could have been procured tnat tho J oots ot S rass > S rain > vegetables, herds of animals which roam over them 
price of wheat the ensuing year are ques- fo f an advance before contracting or mark- on more reasonable terms. But, although and forest trees have invariably occu- i n unrestrained freedom. Trees, shrubs, 
tions of absorbing interest in all the grain- etm g their wheat. This, however, is a ques- no tax had boen imposed to limit tho con- 1, a11 tao sod ’ 110 mattG1 * w hat was tho gra ss, nay even tho noxious weeds them- 
° O firm 4-^ i •_IX* 1 N __a* ~ . 1 lx\ I X* N rlp.nfh nt th n aornn ” ATrvwr dc _ _ 
Progress and Improvement, 
THE WHEAT CROP OF 1853. 
Now' that the harvest is ondod, and grain 
growing districts of this country. As a 
majority of our agricultural readers aro 
directly interested, a few facts and sugges- . _ * - -„ . „ -,-- 
tions on tho subject aro offered for their Stances ' In tbis > as in ot ber mundane na y, oven throughout the whole world, ot whoat ‘occupy all tho soil to that jurious influences of tho solar rays of sum- 
consideration. affairs, “ thoso who run may read,” and it would long be ablo to supply the oxtensive do P tb , fbey would boar rather an undue mer, on the other. The fertility of the 
In regard to the yield of tho Whoat crop, bcboovos cultivators to keep themselves and increasing demand. proportion to tho part ot tho plant above American continent is owing to the immense 
throughout tho country, tho roports re- P_ 10 P 0ll y P ostod regard to the annual It is gratifying, under thesecircumstancos, S^nnd- forests which cover its soil, and this fertility 
ccivod up to this date are generally favora- ^ i<dd ’ < jj| mand for and prices ot tho staples to know’ that scientific discovery and prac- Klt °. W0 . U ^\/ iav0 us undorstand b y is nofc so much owing to tho rich vegetable 
ble—the instances of partial or total failure tbcy P™ dlice * For tbo P ast year or two tical experiment have ascertained the great 1 C0 P cultivation, and what by “ tickling deposit arising from decomposed matter as 
being comparatively raro, and confined to wbcat and i iour bav o ruled lower than fact in Agricultural Chemistry that “Nitro- f ? saitaco ’ d °es not^ fully appear; but it from tho shading effect briefly alluded to.— 
limited districts. The crop of our ow r n otb ° l birm products, but tor tho reasons gen is tho elemont mainly required as ma- . tb ‘ vdn ? tbo suidac0 means plowing ten Theso aro Nature’s palladium, and wherever 
State, and especially in this region, is hot- llbovo enum orated, (as well as tho prosper- nuro on the ordinary soils by our coreal ) nc 1GS ^ ce P an ^. manui ’mg sufficiently, it found wanting we find naught but barren 
ter than was anticipated; and has gonorally ous condition ot the country, the flourishing crops.” Although the qualities of nitro as MS oiten beon tickled to some purpose.— deserts or waste, sandy valleys, 
been socurod in excellent condition — tho stato most kind3 °t businoss, and the a fertilizer appears to have been known for or example, a part of the farm occupied That tho earth is given to man to possess 
weather having been highly favorable. Tho P lovddl D? high prices of labor and tho hundreds of years in modern agriculture, b ' V 1110 a gravelly loam, underlaid at the it, as well as to subduo and cultivate it, is a 
injury to tho crop from tho Weevil, or necossanes of llto >) wo beliovo tho Rubicon yet it has hitherto proved unsuccessful ow- de P fch ot tw o and a half feet by hardpan,— doctrine alike consonant to reason as it is to 
Wheat Midge, Avhich prevailed to somo ex- 1S nearIy P asSod > and that th e prices of these ing to its boing applied in too largo quanti- harder m fact than man y kinds of reck,— Scripture. Wherever and whenever man 
tent in certain localities, has not thus far aa ’ tlcles Wl11 soon correspond nearer to ties. It is now found that nitrate, which if Ult ° which it is impossiblo tor any thing in takes possession of tho soil for tho purpose 
proved as extensive as many feared; indeed th ° Se 0t ° thor sta P le commodities. Time exessively administered will injure, if not tho shape of roots to penetrate; yet on this of cultivation, ho must set his face as a flint 
wo beliovo tho loss very trifling, compared wdI doterraino -^ destroy the crop, will, if applied in small or SGl1 L have fl ’ C( l uontl y raised eighty and to extirpate the thorns, tho trees, and the 
with what was confidently expected a few conclusion, a word relative to tho moderato quantities, prove ono of the most some * ; ' racs Gne hundred, bushels of corn per thistles of Nature. Tho farm becomes a 
weeks ago. Still, as but comparatively little P ros P cc tiv° foreign demand for breadstuff's, powerful aids to an excellent vogotation._ acie ’ anc * frothy four to four and a half kind of battle field between indigenous and 
grain has yot been threshed, tho extent of ^ 0 have said above, that this matter is too This has been recently proved most satis- b 'S b O edd ‘ n & over three tons to the oxotic productions. Tho momentthofar- 
damago cannot be safely estimated. often overrated, yot there are indications of factorily in England. acic, and other ciops in piopoition thus mcr relaxes in his efforts, Nature struggles 
From other and distant wheat-growing a s ta te of affairs which would at once create From a paper just contributed to tho '| omonsfcratm S thafc a soil six or eight feet to regain her ancient domination. Neither 
regions — particularly in tho West and an unusual demand and material advance Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society ,° <d) ls 110t n eccssaiy to tho perfecting ot has the industrious cultivator to contend 
Southwest —tho roports generally ropro- in P riccs ‘ Should existing difficulties bo- in England, by Mr. Pusey it is proved most th ® ordmary farra ^°ps. only with the present race of weeds, but, 
sent tho crop as good. It is true that wo twocn Russia > Turkey, and other Powers, conclusively that the simple application of iam aware taafc 1 shall bo referred to the perchance, every time ho overturns his soil 
occasionally meet with contradictory state- rcsuR war, as is now predicted and con- Nitrate of Soda, at tho rate of forty-two UUin .’ instancos of subsoil plowing, where he exposes the vivifying influence of heat 
ments, but the general testimony, and that bdent ly anticipated by many, the European pounds to an acre, along with double the VU UU ° testimony or unimpeachable and moisture, seeds, perhaps buriod for cen- 
from tho more reliablo sources, is mostly ™ arkofc wid immediately assume unusual quantity (or eighty-four pounds to an aero) vvdnosses ’ t lat suca pvocess has greatly in- turies, which start into life and energy, and 
favorable to a fair yield throughout tho im P ortan co, and largely benefit tho grain of common salt, the latter not used as a croa f ed th oproduct.. Now, we are all liable provo a fretful source of annoyance and ex¬ 
grain-growing regions. Henco, wo consul- growers and holders of America. manure, but to correct tho luxurious vegota- to ascnbo results to causes pense. But the greatest annoyance to which 
er tho crop, as a whole, fully up to tho ~ ’—-- tion caused by tho nitrate, produced a gain 0t ^ • 'U * T ° nCS 5 and 1S 14 n0t qU ’ te tho careful hus bandman can bo exposod is to 
. . 1 NEW ANT) pdwuputtt -F-c'-D'TvrTT^-nT. . r ’i u a gam a s nrobable that thn ini’i-nnsn « lurlrwl a. _. . . ■ • 
tion for each to decido for himself— depond- sumption, it is doubtful, from surveys made de P tb tb ° same 
ing, to a great extent, upon his individual by order of the Peruvian Government in ® omo bottom binds 
judgment, information, location and circum- 1847, whether tho guano deposits in Peru, or R seen 
stances. In this, as in other mundane na y. oven throughout the whole world, wheat ‘’occupy 
icpta ot tho same. Now as tho soil on se lvos, act as conservators of tho soil, pro- 
some bottom lands extends to tho depth ot serving it from the destructive effects of tho 
1 0 or 80 feet it seoms that, should tho roots winter frosts on the one hand, and tho in- 
and increasing demand. 
° ^ 0 -- — 
It is gratifying, under these circumstancos, forests which cover its soil, and this fertility 
to know that scientific discovery and prac- {£ at U would ^havo us understand by j s not so much owing to tho rich vegetable 
tical experiment havo ascertained the great / °° P Cldti ^ atl0n > and wli at by ” tickling deposit arising from decomposed matter as 
fact in Agricultural Chemistry that “Nitro- th ? suldaco > does not fully appear; but it from tho shading effect briefly alluded to.— 
tho surface,” does not fully appear; but if f rom the shading effect briefly alluded to — 
“tickling tho surface” moans plowing ten These are Nature’s palladium, and wherever 
inches deep and manuring sufficiently, it found wanting we find naught but barren 
has often been tickled to some purpose.— deserts or waste, sandy valleys. 
For example,-a part of the farm occupied That tho earth is given to man to possess 
occasionally meet with contradictory stato- rcsuic m w<lr ’ as 1S novv predicted and con- 
ments, but the general testimony, and that bden lly anticipated by many, the European 
from tho more reliablo sources, is mostly | nark °t will immediately assume unusual 
favorable to a fair yield throughout tho bnportanco, and largely benefit tho grain 
grain-growing regions. Henco, wo consid¬ 
er tho crop, as a whole, fully up to tho 
average of former years, and in many dis¬ 
tricts more abundant. Yet wo think tho 
growers and holders of America. 
NEW AND POWERFUL FERTILIZER. 
tncts more abundant, let wo think tho The discovery of Guano, or rather its ap- such increase was 2G shillings English ($6,- j in _ modifi( 
breadth of land occupied by whoat tho plication to rostore the fecundity of the an- 25 )— leaving, after deducting G shillings m oi sturo t 
past jeai in piopoition to tho population cient soil ot Europo, may bo considered as bnglish (Si,50) tor tho nitrate, and 4 pence ; downward 
x O - -- 
tho ordinary farm crops. only with the present race of weeds, but, 
I am aware that I shall bo referred to the perchanco, every time ho overturns his soil 
many instancos of subsoil plowing, where he exposes tho vivifying influence of heat 
wo have the testimony ot unimpeachable and moisture, seeds, perhaps buriod for cen- 
witnesses, that such process has greatly in- turies, which start into life and energy, and 
ci eased the pioduct. 2s ow, wo are all liable provo a fretful source of annoyance and cx- 
unwittingly to ascribe results to causes pense. But the greatest annoyance to which 
othei than tho true ones; and is it not quite tho careful husbandman can bo exposod is to 
as probable that tho increase above alluded bo situated in the immediate vicinity of a 
to, was caused by the fact that tho subsoil- man (we don’t call him a farmer) each of 
of seven bushels per acre. The value of! * K T 7 Ti u °° SltUated ,n the immGdiat ° vicinity of a 
such increase was 2G shillings English ($6 - ’ ^ ^ ^ th&t f the subs0ll_ man 0'° cal1 h!m a ^mev) each of 
25)— leaving, after deducting G shilling I ing -’^ 6 " ar “ in gfr° m su rplu8 whose fields resembles the “Sluggard’s 
English ($1,50) for tho nitrate, and 4 nenU ! ™ olsturo ’ as that lfc was Gau , sed by a § reater ^rden ”—a kind of vegetable dispensary, 
■ an important era in the history of Agricul- (8 cents) fo^the saU,_a profit of 19 swings | ^ ^ ^ ^ ‘° ^ 
tion of breadstuffs-much loss than hereto- ture. It is true that fertilizers of a power- and 8 P cnce ( about ®4,7o,) or three hundred ;n ‘777 n UUrVkf " T! U *™ uau - . „ 
fore; and that, as a consoquonce, somo im- ful nature existed previously to tho intro- P Gr cent. Cubic nitre is still richer in fer- -f , , , economical method In somo countios, farmers who fail to ex- 
provoment in price may reasonably bo duction of guano, but those had become so Sizing properties, and it is satisfactory that i .JUJU SU . rp , US wat ° r m th ° 801,1 tir P ato th eso weeds are subjected to fine for 
anticipated. scarce that the supply was not equal to the va st beds of it aro to bo found on tho coast A™in Uln . n °g Jgenco. Some centuries ago this was 
And this brings us to tho prospective do- demand. Amongst tho most important of of Pei ’ u - Mr. Pusey states in his report, it noUhe ollilfto nlUrrUUn P U - S ,^ e IaW ° Se0tlan U Ab P ubIic roads and 
mand for wheat and flour, and the probable these manures may be reckoned bone-dust tbafc m tbo Ram P a of Tamarugh, a great . , n 10 °° e near KM . 1 10r0u g are3 oug t to be kept free from 
pricos. On those points thore are, very which was highly esteemed as a powerful for- plain at the foot of the Andos, and 3,000 ft Io 7' ) UU WOuk any 0n J n T 0r f lfc weGds at thc ' public expense. It is vain to 
naturally, various opinions, predicated upon tilizer for turnips; a ronovator of waste soils abovo tho lovo1 of tbG sea. lie almost inox- , ,. 7 ’ P 7 C J ‘° f °° d lb ° r “° mches ondcavor to keep fields clean when the high- 
different views and information. Though and also an excellent article for tho top haustiblo deposits of this rich mineral sub- T „Z L v * n Tu w There are upwards of fifty dif- 
we possess no knowledge on tho subjoct to dressing of grassos. So great, at one time stance, sufficient for tho consumption of Eu- _ !n , P . ’ b ' G hints, wo would say eient kinds of weeds that infest arable lands, 
which others, similarly situated, aro not ac- was tho demand for this article, that battle r0 P° for a S es > not capable of boing monopo- . P1 ° aC .? 10j Uomo ™ b( ; r th ° common ma xims, “A far- 
cessiblo, we conceive there aro reasons for fields were laid undor contribution for tho lizod » like tho Guano Island, by any Gov- , . , P *1 ,, wmto G at the rate of 20 or 25 mer should let nothing grow but his crops.” 
an advance in prices —asido from any con- bones of men and animals, which thov nnn. eminent of Peru, or if that Government , s 0 10 acre » and turn it immediately The farms m the L mted States are, happily, 
in tho long run tho most economical method In some countios, farmers who fail to ox- 
to got rid of surplus water in tho soil, I tirpato theso weeds aro subjected to fine for 
Ioavo others to judge. nogligonco. Somo centuries ago this was 
Again. In feeding (manuring) plants, is the law of Scotland. All public roads and 
it not tho object to place the food near their thoroughfares ought to be kept free from 
wo possess no knowledgo on tho subjoct to 
which others, similarly situated, aro not ac- 
cossiblo, wo conceive there aro reasons for 
an advance in prices — asido from any con¬ 
siderations relative to foreign demand, a 
in pricos-asido from any con- bones of men and animals, which they con- eminent of Peru, or if that Government' T 7 7 U™ l,at0,y ^e larms m tne United States are, happily, 
relative to foreign demand, a tained; nay, oven the very charnel-houses shouhl attempt to interpose impediments, a | by in whlcb,S T’ aCC .° rdin - to Si 5 J °Z Snf ' 
-o - > , na UYGU iuu vuiy UIIttrUUI-JULUUSGS w luiwpuDD lUiuuumiUUlb, a ik n i 'll ! o T/Y * I 1 _ « . w , , , 
matter too frequently overrated by both and other depositories of tho dead were sue- rival source of nitrate exists in the Centura- . , !°‘ k S ° r }° , " chos doe ?’ of more importance that all lands 
producers and speculators. And wo prodi- rilegiously plundered and their human re- ous dG sorts of Atacama, within the territory U *° dngU d r l furro ^ S ’ and J ulyerize as !t should be weed f ree 1 Tb , e fa [“ Gr who al- 
cato this opinion, or conclusion, upon tho mains applied to tho soil, in order to raise of Bolivia. It has also been mot with in ^UUk”?’ lhis J dl thema « ure not Jo^s weeds to grow, robs himself and injures 
following among other facts :—That tho food for tho living ! This horrid traffic soon the Andes and on the Eastern Plains. Tho 7 1(3 bottom t ho furrow, but between lus neighbor. Every weed is a vegetable 
low price of wheat, compared with tho very terminated by tho introduction of guano refined salt costs in England about £16 or w T"!’Ti, 0 U° sartace and 80 pestllence ‘_ B - 
remunerating pricos of other farm products, from Africa, and tho islands of the Pacific £l7 P Gr ton, and even at that price is re- U™ the W t U S0W broadcast and har ‘ THE WHITE DAISY 
tions of tho Union, to change their system, now and wonderful fertilizer that wholo almost equally useful for agricultural pur- . * k . Dnn S maat ot the gram into drills Of all the posts that afflict the farmer, 
—inducing them to grow less wheat, and in islands were speedily cleared of their valu- poses; and as it can be dug like gravel, with- y ov ' or tne manure. U is true, nono I deal with better doserves the ap- 
not a few instances nono at all, and to do- able doposits ; accordingly tho possession in a few milos from the shore, not near the j’V-uiV abGllIldm g m ad tho elements pellation, intolerable, than tho White Daisy, 
vote much more land and attention than of such property, although hitherto valuo- Peruvian port of Iquiquo only, but along a i °Y ‘ y ’ S 00d cr0 P s bG obtained by The seed is long, slender, brown, and the 
heretofore to other branches. Tho high loss, soon became a matter of diplomatic wide range of coast, it could bo freighted to V"° & “T® °* cultlvatlon » but with rapidity with which it spreads demands of 
prices of Live Stock, Boof, Pork, Butter, controversy, and tho territorial rights of England for £6 instead of £16 per ton as tb0 ma J 0 ”ty of farmers, the question how tho farmer, the most untiring diligence in 
_i .. _• . i. . , ® • /> .n . . 5 snail wo apply manuros tho host to aHvan- its fixtorminatinn TKn i*._ 
engage m tno stocK ana aairy businoss,— tralia or of California. the hands of tho agricultural community Q n w-7 7 *- / " ~ ^ muos, a 
while the growing of Wool, now so profita- In 1833, tho government of Poru issuod a both at homo and abroad, a remedy for abat- S ' , “T ..f. grap °’ the P ota ^°’ and bordoring of daisies. From a few seed 
bio in favorable (or most) localities, has docroo prohibiting all forogin vessels from in S tho exorbitant charge for guano by a 10usaiu 0 ,ei ' t in § s that cultivation has sown whon laying land down to grass, wo 
& J rendered ton-told more productive than havo wholo acres now thickly in blossom. 
v 
