'v 
VOLUME IV. NO. 34. 1 
ROCHESTER, N. Y.- SATURDAY, AUGUST 20, 1853. 
•(WHOLE NO. 190. 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ADLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
HOW TO AE-lP HARNESS IN ORDER. Milk weod, (asclepias syriaca.) nettles, thor- 
Tiie subject indicatecTby the above head- ough - wort ’ (™P«torium perfoiliatum.) and 
ing has been discussed of late in the Rural otho ; P errenials tliat infest new and low 
by two or three correspondents, but is of moadows > y ield to the sc J the aftcr *"<> 
sufficient importance to bear further com- y ears movviI,g - Johnswort ’ we believe to be 
The Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and ment. With all duo deference, WO are COH- 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity stnlined to express t ho opinion that few of 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor , .. . . . 
to make ita Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub- th0S0 d »rectly interested give proper atten- 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests tion to tho durability and appearance of 
Progress and Improvement. 
AUGUST.-FARM WORK. 
whole energies to see tho entire process well substantially as follows 
and thoroughly performed; and what is of Take Meats Foot Oil 
ing its entire vitality and causing it to die. harness in good trim for sight and sorvice. cro P> (there being enough sown to pro- 
There are some exceptions to this rule— This process will pay a large dividend in duce even without tho presence of any 
tho willow, dwarf oak, &c., but worst of ali extra service and durability._to say noth- * n tbe sod ’) and tbo wileat i s accused of be- 
tho elder, (we blush for the name,) is so in- ing of improved appearance. coming chess. 
voterate a sponge where it gets a footing, Aid. B. assures us that tho same or a This carelessnoss in regard to chess seems 
that nothing short of eradication of root very similar, application is just tho thing to ar ' 1S0 * n some measure from a belief 
and branch will eject it from the soil. for carriage tops which are made of top- amon g somo that “ chess will not grow,” 
Our opinion is, that everyone who can leather. Tho only difference in treatment (*' 01 ‘ there are somo men claiming to be sane, 
spare time to thresh his wheat, should do is, that less oil should bo used, or rather a wbo don y tbe vitality chess;) and hence 
so before seeding, and thus have it ready for lighter coating applied—and it should be infer that wheat produces chess. Unbeliov- 
marketlng at once. Many believe it now washed off before drying in, .top-leather bo- ers > t r y it- 
brings.a price that cannot be sustained when ing thin and much moro penetrable than 4th. ®°^ ar as * can learn, not a single 
the western crop commences to arrive. harness. Of course this mixture would not case transmutation seems well authenti- 
Roet crops should now bo looked to, and Iinsvvcr for enamoled leather, of which somo ca, t°d '■> * n other words, they all seem to have 
if too late to hoe, it will pay well to draw carria ge tops are constructed. occurred in cases, or under circumstances, 
all tho largo and seeding weeds boforo they " " “ ■—--— whieli are calculated to destroy confidence, 
ripen. Field Turnips, if too thick, which is KILLING NOXIOUS WEEDS. or render the supposed changes explicable 
a .prevailing fault when sown bread-east, This subject is one worth inquiring about, in somo other wa y- 
should bo thinned out—pass a hoe blade and one on which’a comparison of facts and 5th- honored father raised wheat as 
between every plant—don’t bo afraid it will experience would bo valuable. long as 5t would g row in that P art ot ’ the 
double your crop. It is a well known truism that the leaf is country ’ (Montgomery Co., N. Y.,) sur- 
Do, or at least commence doing, all tho the lung or breathing organ of vegetable roun d°d b y neighbors who believed the doc- 
work requirod for tho year in tho wet and life. Tho tenacity with which roots retain tnno ot transmutat l° n - Ho always took 
swampy grounds —ditching, getting out vitality vary in an extraordinary degree, and s P eci& l P ains to • hav0 clean seed. I have 
wood, rails, &e. September may be wot is possessed almost exclusively by perrenial ° ften Seen him look for flve t0 t0n minutes 
■and the winter open. plants. The Canada Thistle is one of tho to find a singl ° grain of choss in his seod - 
Lot all highway-men cry, “ stand and de- most tonacious of life of all tho pests of the ^ ucb Was tbo seod t ^ at be sowed; and the 
liver,” to all the taxablo eitizons in their field,—and yet they may bo eradicated by r0Sldfc was w ^ ien the 'wheat was winter- 
beats, who have not yet “ facod tho music” one season’s constant cutting down with the kidod ’ wholly or in part, there was no chess 
—not their purse and watches, but their hoo, especially if a hot and dry one. We tfiere ‘ H * 
lawful duties in mending their ivays, render- have known them to be entiroly annihilated* ° ut West * Jul y ’ ^ ^ ^ ^ _ 
ing them a caution to plank roads and other by once mowing, about harvest time, and Man ought never to bo idle. Inactivity 
monopolies. h.uo known it to fail a hundred times after, frustrates tho very design of creation; 
Dig, clean out and deepen wells when re- What its success depended upon,—whether whereas an activo life is tho best guardian 
quirod a good supply secured the last of tho period of its ago, tho weather, or other of virtue, and tho groatost preservative of 
this month, will msure a lasting supply. * peculiarity,— could not bo ascertained.— hoalth. 
years mowing. Johnswort, we believe to be 
an exception, and is a hard customer. 
The narrow-leafed dock is nearly a bien¬ 
nial, and often dies if allowed to fully ripen 
its seeds ; but if cut before, always sprouts 
T 
"t; 
, < 1 1 1 
r 
dock is much more tenacious of vitality, and 
never says die—like quack grass,—short of 
being dried and put thro’ a coffoe mill. * 
“TRANSMUTATIONS, &c.”-N0. 2, 
After reading ’Kiel’s “Experience,” I 
it advocates, it embraces more Agricultural, Hortiqul- harness, carriages &c Wo will therefore and multiplies its suckers. The broad-leaf 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter— . , ' , , • , dock is much more tenacious of vitality, and 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- - 1VG th ° m ° d ° ° f 0lIin S and washing har- 
ings — than any other paper published in this Country. llCSS practiced by ,Ono who is qualified to * ’ * 1 & ‘ 1 ’ 
tsnp-il- • , being dried and put thro a coffoe mill. * 
O'*" For Terms, &c., see last page. speak. uiuleistandingly upon 11 io subject. _ _ 
- - 7 - Observing tho good condition and fine “TRANSMUTATIONS, &c.”— NO. 2. 
a** appearance of tho harness of Aid. Baker, - 
Mill (tl Mm-t) lUR l l ♦ proprietor of the most extensive livery estab- After reading ’Kiel’s “Experience,” I 
° ^ Co lishment in Rochester, wo requested him to had aImost concluded to yield my former 
ProtrreM and ImnrovPmPnt im P art to us ’ for Publication, the modus objections against tho change of wheat to 
_ r gress^anq improvement, operandi by which so desirable a result was chess ’ bufc facts hav0 recently come to light 
AUGUST.—FARM WORK achieved. In compliance therewith, ho er been recalled, which have revived former 
- stated tho course adopted as tho best and incredulity. Iheso facts are, 
A few briof hints on the duties of the far- most economical, after twenty years experi- lst - ddiat there appear to be two varie- 
mer for this month may yet be in timo. ence in a business which required eonsidor- ties of choss 5 tho P ro P er wheat-chess, and 
Those who havo summer fallows, or in- able attention to tackling apparatus. Ills anoth er variety which seems to be indige- 
tend putting in wheat, must bond their process of oiling and washing harness is nous - They so nearly resemble each other 
, jr <oX wsrav 
r , t . -a 
GROUP t’F SPANISH MERINO EWES. 
WHAT ARE NATIVE CATTLE 1 
that a careless observer would hardly notice 
and thoroughly performed ; and what is of Take Meats Foot Oil, and Ivy or Patent the difference. Tho principal apparent dif- 
equal importance, during the fearful ad- Black—the latter well pulverized, or to bo Terence is this:—1st. That in tho latter va- 
vanco of the most insidious enemy that tho made so before usiim. Mix thoroughly_ r ' e t.Y> the branches of tho panicle stand 
wheat grower has ever had to encounter— adding the black until tho oil is well colored, nearly at right angles to the main stem, 
the weevil—to sow ■early: from the first to or quite black. In cool weather the oil w.hile in the former they diverge very little; 
the tenth of September, and on no account should bo warmed somewhat before mixing. and 2d , that the lattor is less bearded, or 
later than tho twentieth. The experience With a sponge apply a light coat of the mix- bristled, than the former, and a little later 
of tho past year fully justifies this view, of turo—only what the leather will readily ab- in coini ng to maturity, 
not only sowing early, but also the earliest sorb, unloss the harness is very dry, in which 2d - That farmers are exceedingly careless 
varieties. With all these precautions, and case a heavier coating may be necessary._ * n regard to tho destruction of either kind. 
the thorough drainage of tho fields, and the After the harness is dry—which will be in TllG y suffer it to get into thoi>\ i. . n-yards. 
avoidance of low and mucky soils, subject from two hours to half or a whole day, de- and to grow and ripon in tho fields. I have 
to bo affected by frost and tho retardation pending upon tho weather and previous seen it growing in meadows and by the side 
of tho plant in tho spring, we think that condition of the leather—wash thoroughly of old straw, and stack yards, along fences 
tho climate of the West, assisted by tho with soap suds. In making tho suds use and farm-roads, in such quantities as, in 
most judicious culture, will still insure the good Castile soap and cold rain-water. _ somo P Ia ces partially, and in others wholly, 
wheat farmer a fair remunerative crop. (Warm wator should never be used on har- to root out evor y thin g else - This is then 
Now is the important period to destroy ness leather.) Apply tho suds with a spono-o. cut witb fbe other grass and taken into the 
bushes, old hedge rows, &c. All biennial Rub off with buckskin. This will givo your b a ™ or put into the stack, for hay, and the 
plants, or thistles, burdock, &c., should be harness a nice, glossy surface, and tlioleath- resid t nla y easily be seen, 
now cut, as it destroys seeds and roots.— er will retain a good color and continue 3d ‘ Farmers aro exceedingly caroless 
To kill all tho forest shrubs of pastures and pliable for months. If it becomos soiled a b° ut obtaining-clean seed. I have seen 
fields, some suppose that .the man in the with mud, or sweat, an application of soap scvera l piles and bias of wheat which were 
moon is to bo consulted, but our readers and water, as above directed, (without oil- said to bo fair samples of western wheat- 
may rest assured that there is moro propri- ing,) will be sufficient to give it a bright ap- sucb as ' s g° nera % used for seed. Yet for 
ety and equal efficiency in consulting the pearance. • impurities, especially in tho shape of chess, 
man in the Rural ! The philosophy of the Two applications of this oil and black if more resembled the “ screenings” of New 
right period, often-consists simply in cutting mixture a year, (or once evory six months,) York whoafc > than the g enoral crop. I have 
when the plant has so far exhausted its vital will bo sufficient to keep harness, as ordin- not a doubt that in many cases, twenty-five 
powers as to be unable to dovelope and put arily used, in good order. It may bo necos- t0 g ra ‘ ns °i chess might bo found in a 
forth the dormant buds every where distri- sary for livery men, and othors who use s i n gi° handtul, such as a man would ordi- 
Vk are continually reminded by the breeders have been bred or imported, on this contii 
of choice stock, of the great superiority of their probably of tbose raised on trans _ 
favorite herds over the “Native Cattle.” Talk A nTOO \ Vn „„„ , . „ , - , 
. . , . „ , , „ r , , shores. We are not engaged m breedin 
with a dairyman in the rich valley ot the Mohawk .• ,, 
„ , , , and only offer these suggestions as the 
of the breed of cows preferable for the dairy, and reflection aud observatiou u tbe subje 
he will assure you that, eschewing aU the noted e(L We shaU be pleased to bave otbe ,. 
varieties, he prefers the native cows. So we find more m elucidation. H . 
elsewhere men who express a strong preference --_ 
for the native breeds. We have often been led to QUALITY OF LAND FOR PASTURES, 
inquire. What are Native Cattle ? Mr. Moore I send von the. 
inquire, w nai are in am e Lame : Me . Moore I send you the accompauving 
If our understanding of the subject is correct, article, which was cut from the Mark-Lane Ex- 
there is no kind of neat cattle that are indigenous n ,. oao will v,,. j + ,•-i ; 
to the country which we inhabit. In the early 
press. Will you be kind enough to publish it in 
the W. G. & S. R., and in the Rural ? — as I think 
. , . ’ ' ’ . " which Rowan, a practical chemist of Hereford. 
Ayrshnes, as was most convenient. After arnv- , . , . . ,, . . _ , , ’ 
• , , , . ., , , explained that the land of Herefordshire was 
mg here thev had not the means and numbers to « . . 
, , r , .. . greatly deficient in the phosphates, which were 
be careful in their manner ot breeding, and it is . . • , . ,, r 
, , , , , ^ , , , must essential to the formation of milk. It had 
not unreasonable to conclude that it the herds , , , . 
^ . .. . been observed that in Cheshire the milking prop- 
were ditterent in the commencement, they must, ,• c ,, . , , , r 1 
' ’ erties ot the cows had very much deteriorated, 
trorn the necessity ot the case, have been earlv » , ’ 
: . , , . . . from the fact that the cheese made from their 
blended into one heterogeneous herd, partaking ot - nl , , ^ 
.... „ ° ° . uiilk was exported from the country, nothing 
the qualities ot alt the different kinds, though i • , , .. . ... ° 
C 1 ,, , . . ° being supplied to tlie land in its stead with similar 
probably each in many respects dmeriug from the , . . , . , 
* h J J 1 ° elements. An analysis of the milk had proved 
b- , . i, , , , . that the curd was very rich in phosphoric acid, 
Every breeder well undersands the ruinous . , . 1 . , . 
. .... and Ibe remedy for the deterioration consisted in 
effects ot breeding in-and-in, and will at once v .. ... , . 
. . ,, . . , c 4 . i i-i , i v the application ot bone dust. The fact that 
comprehend the kind ot stock which would be n fir , „ . , . 
, . ... , Herefordshire was very deficient m the phos- 
hkely to spring from such origin, thousands ot . ... , , '' , 
/ . 1 & , ... s . , . phates would in a great measure account for the 
weak, degenerate people, idiots and lunatics, are .... , 
, ° ‘. ' , . . • non-milking properties of our coirs ; and a good 
the consequence ot a want of attention to this -ni.i_i.ir ., ° ,, 
, ... „ .. „ mHker brought here from another country would 
law* in the human family, bo welt has this been , , ,. 
ia\v in ullc uman lamnv. uu wcu uao liil3 uccu • r , i i i ■» 
, , , ,.. . , . . in a tew years, most probably, become a very 
understood that prohibitory laws have been en- , , m, , ■ ,, T i . 
. . . , /, , . ... »bad one. i he chairman, Mr. Lmgwood, said tins 
acted m nearly all countries. What is true ot the , , , ,, . , 0 ~ ,, , . 
• . . - „ . . . had been the case with a Suffolk cow of his own. 
human family, must ot necessity be true in the ,, , . » ,. ., TT ’ 
, . J ’ , . . -, . , . and he was compelled to feed her. Mr. Haywood 
hrntA nront^inn np pnv v npj7AHAmrP(i. nor i . _ .. J 
brute creation. 1 he early stock degenerated, not ,, ,. .. 
, . . . i . • • .... , inquired whether upon the application of bone 
only in quality and size, but in their qualities ot ,, r . ., ... 
- 1 / ! . . 1. . manure, the difference m the quality of grass 
taking on fat, or secreting the lacteal fluid Me would be tible . Mr. Rowan replied that it 
so premise, because it is hardly possible for de- and tben obscrved that tll ‘ l ical 
generate unhealthy animals to pertorm these formation of Herefordshire and Cheshire in 
natural functions as well as thev would be done . ,, 
“ . some respects similar; the greater part of the 
by well bred, and consequently healthy animals ; e ..., • • , ,, _ 
, . fonnei resting upon the old, and of the latter upon 
and because breeding m-and-in cannot insure ^ new red ,, indstone . Mr . Xewton obser ^d 
tor any length ot time such a herd. Subsequent ^ Gloucestersbire was a dai count and its 
importations bave prevented the destruction of 8oi i bad a good deal of blue day lias in it, which 
the stock, and by crossing and recrossing may ^ r j ch in pbospbates . 
have in some instances effected an improvement. 
is very rich in phosphates. 
The chairman added that many of the farms 
which has kept the native cattle, so called, from lvere on the oolite formation . Mr . Rowan ^d, a 
becoming unworthy of breeding. We opine then, yery cheap metbod of supp i ying phospbate to the 
that native cattle are but the degenerate products land> vag bv thc use of coprolites> w )nch could 
of unwise and unskillful breeding, and cannot be be obtained from Essex and tbe eastern parts of 
equal to pure bloods, or those that have been England . Tbey contained about 80 per cent of 
grown by careful and judicious crosses. 
phosphate of lime. The Chairman feared that 
If there are occasional valuable or superior an- Herefordshire was at too great a distance from 
imals found in the common herds, may they not Essex. Mr. Rowan replied that they might be 
be attributed to a strain ot better blood, which, got to Gloucester by rail at a cheap rate, and 
without any known rule or law, has thus, after thence to Hereford by canal. After some further 
years of disappearance, been presented in the discussion, the meeting arrived at the following 
animals in question ? We think observation will decision ‘ It is considered that much may bo 
go far toward demonstrating that in many respects done to improve the milking properties of the 
they have a striking resemblance, in contour and Hereford cattle intended for tbe pail, if made to 
conformation, to some one of tbe breeds from calve in the month of May, and at about two 
which they unquestionably originated. We have years old, and if due regard was paid to. the herb- 
occasional specimens of the Galloway, better age and the management of the milking. That 
known as “ inulley,” though it may be safe to the Hereford cattle are considered superior to 
assume none of that breed have been imported, those of any other breed, in so far as they corn- 
or at most, not more than a few isolated cattle.— bine the aptitude to fatten with their character of 
The best milker we remember in a series of years, milkers. It is also ol*erved that the pastures of 
was a native which bore a strong resemblance to the county of Hereford, from the deficiency of 
the Herefords. We recollect others whose size, phosphate in a large portion of the districts are 
build and spotted faces resembled thc Ayrshires. not well adapted: for dairying.’' ’* 
Such, to our mind, are the native cattle,—a 
hybrid, embracing all the different kinds which 
have been bred or imported, on this continent, and 
probably many of those raised on trans-Atlantic 
shores. We are not engaged in breeding cattle, 
and only offer these suggestions as the result of 
reflection aud observation upon the subject treat- 
settlement of this continent at James River and tbere is much land in this country very similar to 
Plymouth Rock, it is probable the pilgrim fathers tbat described, and I know I can see the difference 
brought with them such cattle as they possessed, in tbe land ber(J . « ne pasture will produce more 
not having much regard to choice animals 'or purity flesb> another more milk. Yours truly, 
of blood and pedigree. At this late day it would ’ ^ W H Sotium 
be difficult to ascertain the particular kind, unless , tr < t-, • t. * . , , 
•, ,, , , ’ Lows for Dairy Purposes.—A t the last quar- 
lt could be known what breed was most common, , , ,. TT . . _ N 1 , 
, • , , . .... , . . ’ terly meeting of the Hereford Farmers’ Club, a 
and in good repute at the points from winch the , r , . „ , , . „ , 
• i i i r, i i i . discussion took place on the subject of the capa- 
pHgnms embarked. One colony mav have brought „ TT „ , J 1 
' ,, 4 „ . j buities of Herefords as milkers ; in the course of 
Devons, another Durhams, a third Herefords, or ... T , .... 
... . . which Rowan, a practical chemist of Hereford. 
Ayrshires, as was most convenient. Atter arnv- , . . , ,, . . . . ’ 
, , explained that the land of Herefordshire was 
mg here thev had not the means and numbers to ,, , » . . 
, f , .. . greatly deficient in the phosphates, which were 
be careful in their manner ot breeding, and it is , . 1 . 1 . 
,. A , ,, 6 ’ , . most essential to the formation of milk. It had 
not unreasonable to conclude that it the herds , , , ,. . . . 
.•a, . . .. , . been observed that in Cheshire the milkmg prop- 
were ditterent in the commencement, thev must, ,• ,. . . , , p 1 1 
e - , T , , - , erties ot the cows had verv much deteriorated, 
trorn the necessity of the case, have been earlv r ., - . , ,, . , ’ 
j ’ from fnnf fhof tlm olmnc-A 1L 
