ROCHESTER, N. Y.-SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 
1 WHOLE 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
with an able corps of assistant edit 
TnE Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
aud Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Florticul 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter — 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav 
iugs — than any other paper published in this Country, 
tW“ For Terms, &c., see last page. ^3 
HINTS FOR TILE MONTH. 
Jural ITcfo-Ufltlrr. 
Progress and Improvement. 
EXAMPLE IN AGRICULTURE. 
There has been no period in the history 
of Agriculture without its examples of pro¬ 
ductive, and henco profitable farming, but 
no era has occurred, when, on the broad 
acres tilled by Amorican industry, so many 
bright spots have shone out to gladden the 
hearts and encourago the hands of the 
friends of improvement. The time has 
been when nearly every farm which had 
been in cultivation for fifteen or twontv 
years, soomod rapidly deteriorating in fer¬ 
tility and value, but at present many old 
farms are more productive than over beforo. 
This has been accomplished by the intro¬ 
duction of radical improvements at various 
points, and the influence of their example. 
When a thorough practical agriculturist 
goes into a neighborhood of well-worn farms, 
and engages in the work of roclaiming and 
improving his now purchase, his success is 
suro to awaken a spirit of inquiry, and his 
examplo can but exert a boneficial influence 
upon all who witnoss or hear it. He do 
not grow crop after crop of wheat or corn 
upon the samo field, but ho grows good 
crops of thoso grains, upon different Holds 
in a series of years. IIo introduces new 
and improvod varieties of grains and seeds 
—the products of which are seen at a glance 
to bo bettor than those commonly grown— 
at loast thoy command a better prico in 
market. Tho samo is truo of his cattle, 
sheop and horses. With improvod plows 
and other implements of tillage, ho accom¬ 
plishes a deopor and more thorough culti¬ 
vation of tho soil, resulting in good crops 
and insuring them against tho excess of 
droifth or moisturo. IIo is particularly 
careful in saving and making manure, and 
seeks in every way to enrich his farm; and 
its products show with what good result.— 
Perhaps ho affords them an example of tho 
effects of underdraining in tho radical im¬ 
provement of tho soil, or introduces tho 
wheat-drill and mo wing or reaping machines. 
These improvements, as wo remarked 
beforo, exert an influenco upon tho far¬ 
mers who witness or hoar of thorn. They 
may cavil for awhile, but tho unmistak¬ 
able signs of prosperity—of tho profit of 
such a course—will generally influence tho 
most incredulous into somo sort of an imi¬ 
tation, which is nearly always followed by 
bettor returns, and thus tho work goes on 
until the whole neighborhood shows tho in¬ 
fluence of tho examplo. In this way and 
by tho constantly recurring lessons which 
experience teaches, a hotter system of cul¬ 
tivation has boon in part introduced and 
thus also diffused and extondod. 
— Those who learn by hoarsay aro also 
influenced. Thoso form tho largor portion 
of community, and hero tho agricultural 
newspaper shows its power for good. It 
brings homo tho practice of tho best far¬ 
mers to thousands of interested listeners 
and thoy can but give hints of much value 
from tho porusal. Tho improvements of 
ono part of tho country aro diffused ovor 
the whole, and bonofit tho wholo. But it 
was not our intention to writo of newspapor 
example; our only thought was to hint at the 
influence which ono thorough farmoroxerts 
ovor thoso near him. 
Now for your best efforts preparatory 
to sowing your winter wheat. Drive your 
business, and don’t lot it drive you. Botter 
bo a week too soon, rather than a day too 
lato, especially if you wish to oscapo tho 
ravages of tho weovil — as early sowing, of 
early varieties, is tho only security. Look 
now to tho surface draining ; a day or two 
spent with tho round-pointed shovel, in 
ditches after tho plow, may savo a hundred 
bushels of grain. 
Il you want a good Timothy grass mead¬ 
ow to follow, it must bo sown in tho fall, as 
thero is no certainty of succeeding when 
sown in tho spring, especially if early or 
long drouths follow. Three-quarters of the 
ontiro seeding is lost this year from that 
cause. 
We predict that tho day is coming, and 
oven now is, when wo shall liavo to pay 
more attention to the grasses in rpoadows 
and pasturos, and to tho dairy and stock 
business, and place loss dopondenco upon 
the wheat crop. The Weovil, tho Hoosiers, 
the Badgors and the Wolverines are after 
us, and so wo must do the next best thing 
within our power and moans. We have got 
to keop our oyes skinned and our wits | 
sharpened. 
Tho first part of this month is in good 
time to cut bushes and clean out old hedge 
. To kill elders you may dig them 
out, root and branch, every day in tho year, 
except Sunday; this is’effectual. 
Indian corn that is lato and obnoxious to 
rosts, had botter ho tapped to save the 
fodder and expedite its ripening, though it 
is a process that depreciates tho crop fullv 
ten per cent in its entire weight. Our 
word is good for that. 
1 ho potato rot is showing itself in some 
districts pretty severely. As soon as tho vine 
shows decay from that cause, and has coasod 
to perform its functions, thoy had botter be 
dug and sproad to dry — as moisturo is ono 
ot tho absolute conditions of rot, mildew and 
fungus, as the dry state is antagonistic. 
Clean out old and dig now wells this 
month,— and tho Prompter don’t think it 
will hurt any of us to look to our ills about 
these days. 
Begin to think about putting up swino for 
fattening, in all of this month certain — for 
ono mon^h during mild weather, is worth 
moro than two in cold weather. It costs 
more for wood to keep a room warm in 
winter than in the fall months. Food is 
fuol that koops up animal boat, and tho less 
expendod for that purposo, moro is assimu- 
lated for fat and muscle; that’s the doctrine 
on that point. Cook all their food, and 
savo so much labor of the animal economy. 
It has got to bo cooked in tho stomach; 
therefore, if you wish to expedite tho fat¬ 
tening procoss, keop them warm, dry and 
quiet, with good cooked food. 
Ditch and clean low land ; got homo wood 
and rails before tho fall rains; and if you 
aro particularly smart, you can go to the 
State Fair at Saratoga, and tho Crystal 
Palaco at New York, and yot bo ahead of 
tho procrastinators and Friday-in-the-aftor- 
noon chaps. And so may you prosper as 
you do well. Earn and save — give to tho 
needy — down with tho bars and up with 
tho gates —for such aro those that conquer 
in tho battle of life. Prompter. 
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY. 
Experiments with Swamp Muck, &c.— 
The Albany Cultivator speaks of somo ex¬ 
periments making with stable manure, 
swamp muck, and muck mixed with ashes 
as an application for whoat, by Dr. Sylves¬ 
ter, of Lyons, N. Y. That treated with 
stable manure had much tho largest growth 
of straw, a part was badly “ lodged,”—that 
whoro muck was appliod was quite inferior 
—tho muck and ashes produood a fine, uni¬ 
form, thick growth —that without any 
amendment was poorest of all. Tho ma¬ 
nure and tho muck and tho ashes wero ap¬ 
pliod at tho rato of 30 loads per aero, and 
tho crop was thought to bo about double 
that of tho untreated land. Lime produ¬ 
ces no effect on those soils. 
It is remarkable at this ago of general in¬ 
formation and popular diffusion of useful 
knowledge, that so littlo interest is felt in 
tho subject of Animal Physiology, among 
tho people at large. Hero and thero, ono 
out of tho medical profession, prompted by 
curiosity perhaps, may have exhibited some 
hungorings and thirstings for that knowl¬ 
edge which shall disoovor to his understand¬ 
ing, how this most extraordinary piece of 
mechanism, tho human body, performs its 
wonderful actions; and to know and under¬ 
stand tho laws of health, so as to obey them. 
Ono reason why so little interest is felt in 
this subject is because of its great common¬ 
ness. Any thing that is uncommon usually 
excites interest in tho mind of the obsorver. 
Let a comet, a sort of heavenly vagabond, 
but make its apporranco in tho stellar uni¬ 
verse, and all oyes, even those thi\t seldom 
behold tho jewelled domo under which they 
livoand toil, are turned toward the wander¬ 
ing stranger—just because a new visitor,and 
of far less attraction ono would suppose, 
than tho beautiful morning stars which eve¬ 
ry early riser during the past few weeks has 
had tho pleasure of looking upon, provided 
ho has a taste for the beautiful in nature.— 
To be born, to eat, to grow, to decline, to 
die—why those are the common lot of all 
men. Truly, it is so. But this should not 
deaden tho dosiro to know man physiologi¬ 
cally. It his physical health and enjoyment 
depend, as .they most assuredly do, upon 
either tho conscious or uncom ions obedi¬ 
ence to tho laws of nutrition, growth, and 
health, then it would seem to follow as 
very natural conclusion, that if one desires 
to enjoy tho life that now is, ho must bo 
preparod to livo in obedience to thoso laws 
which securo to him tho much-coveted boon. 
Millions of tho human family hourly die 
from tho neglect of tho conditions requisite 
for tho preservation of hoalth and life.— 
Other millions aro dragging out a wretched 
and miserable existence, which might have 
been joyous, and happy, and useful, but for 
tho ignorance of that knowledge which 
Physiology furnishes. Millions of infants 
perish soon after birth, through the igno- 
ranco of parents and nursos, of the laws of 
temperature;—others again perish from in¬ 
attention to the subjects of diet, ventilation, 
cleanliness, &c. 
Says England’s sweetest poet—“Tho child 
is father to tho man.” This is as truo of 
body as of mind—so that tho child must bo 
properly nursed and cared for, in addition 
to possessing a healthful body from birth, in 
order that ho may have any expectation of 
living to do good and impart good until ho 
attains to man's allottod time on earth. In 
order to attain tho age of “ threo score and 
ton” man must bo tomporato in all things. 
This is not moro theory. Facts speak 
trumpot-tongued on this subject. Says Dr. 
A. Combe, “Tho averago mortality of in¬ 
fants in England, and with littlo variation 
inEuropo, is about 1 in every 4J beforo tho 
end of tho first year of oxistonco. So di¬ 
rectly, however, is infant life influenced by 
good or bad management, that about a cen¬ 
tury ago tho workhouse of London presented 
the astounding result of 23 deaths in overy 
24 infants, under tho age of ono voar. For 
a long timo, this frightful devastation was 
allowed to go on as beyond the reach of hu¬ 
man romody. But when, at last, an im¬ 
proved system of management was adopted, 
in consequence of a parliamentary inquiry 
having been made, the proportion of deaths 
was speedily reduced from 2.600 to 450 in 
a year. Hero, thon, was a total of 2,150 in¬ 
stances of loss of life, occurring yearly in a 
singlo institution, chargablo, not against 
any unalterable decrees of Providonce as 
somo are disposed to contend as an excuse 
for thoir own negligence; but against tho 
ignorance, iiiditforence, or cruelty of man. 
What a lesson of vigilanco and inquiry 
ought not such occurrences to convoy, when, 
oven now, with all our boasted improve¬ 
ments, every tenth infant still perishes with¬ 
in a month of its birth.” 
Facts of a similar kind might bo greatly 
multiplied to show how soon capital punish¬ 
ment is executed upon such as utterly dis¬ 
regard Nature’s unalterable code. The ig- 
noranco and neglect of parents is visited 
upon their children, even unto tho third and 
fourth generation, physically, as well as 
morally. 
Thero is ho class, if wo except physicians, 
that has a^deeper interest in this subject, 
than tho agricultural. For Animal Physi¬ 
ology relates not only to man directly and 
most intimately, but to all the lower order 
of animals which ho seeks to multiply and 
improve. lie must, therefore, not only 
know how to nurse, protect and nourish tho 
infant ol his own species, but the young of 
every other sort of animals that he desires 
to portect, after its kind. Every farmer 
should become deeply interested in the sub¬ 
ject of Animal Physiology.—w. 
CLEAN SEED WHEAT. 
“’IIiel’s” compliments to his friend Linus 
Cone, and ho is pleased to have “amused” 
him by relating his “Experiences,”—altho’ 
H.’s object in so doing was not merely to 
furnish “amusement ” to himself, or others. 
If, however, it has no moro profitable effect 
than furnishing amusement, ho may, per¬ 
haps, continuo to give “ moro of tho same 
sort,” for tho ontertainmont of thoso whoso 
minds are capable of no higher gratification, 
as well as foiitho instruction of those who 
can properly appreciate /ac/s in regard to 
natural history. But to those who are not 
personally acquainted with him, ho will c ay 
that the seed sown upon tho land, as men¬ 
tioned in his fourth number, was literally 
“ clean.” H.’s father was very particular to 
sow nono but clean seed; and many days 
has H., while yet too young and small to 
hold tho weight of tho hand seivo, (made 
expressly for that purposo, and still in II.’s 
possession,) sat upon an old board bee-hive, 
and, with tho seivo upon two rake handles, 
sifted 10 bushels of seed wheat per day, 
(that was his “ stint,”) so as to thoroughly 
clean it from all cockle, chess, &c. 
Having been thus early trained to tho 
practice ot sowing clean seed, and none other, 
H. has tho vanity to supposo himself to bo 
capable, at nearly “three scoro and ten’’ 
years, of understanding what seed is clean. 
&e. It is, however, not worth while to 
waste words or timo, in regard to tho doubts 
or sneers of tho incredulous. And H. will, 
onco for all, assure thoso who seek for 
truth and instruction, as well as amusement. 
that every syllable of what he has stated in 
his “Experiences ,” is tho “truth and noth¬ 
ing but the truth,” whatevor theorizing gen¬ 
tlemen may say or imagine to tho contrary. 
Seneca Co., N. Y., July 15, 1853. 
ABOUT POLAND OATS. 
Eds. Rural :—In your paper of Aug 20, 
you speak of a crop of Poland Oats grown 
by Mr. Dryer, of Brighton, and desire fur¬ 
ther information concerning that variety.— 
I have grown them for threo years past, and 
my experience is that the samo amount of 
seed is necessary per acre, that is needed 
for common oats. The yield in the bulk of 
grain is not materially different, though I 
think it is quite us good ; but tho great ad¬ 
vantage in raising them consists in their 
weighing from 10 to 12 pounds per bushel 
moro than other oats. 
The straw is of good size, and they ri¬ 
pen about ten days earlier than any other 
variety. Particular care should bo used by 
thoso who grow thorn for seed, not to sow 
them by the side of other oats or allow them 
to becomo mixed in any way after harvesting. 
I have sold for seed all I have raised du¬ 
ring the two preceding years, and could 
have sold a very large quantity beyond my 
supply last spring. I think those who have 
a knowledge of them will not fail to culti¬ 
vate them hereafter. I presume thoso who 
have grown them this season, and kept 
them ontirely unmixed from other oats, will 
readily soli what thoy have to spare for 
seed ; and after another crop shall be grown, 
I presumo an oxtensivo demand for seed 
can bo supplied. T. G. Yeomans. 
Walworth, Wayne Co. N. Y., Aug, 1853. 
OUR FORESTS-— USE AND SUPPLY OF FUEL. 
Eds. Rural : —In No. 22 of your present 
volume, is an article from tho pen of S. B. 
Rockwell, on the “Use and Supply of 
1' uel in tho U. S.,” in which he severely 
censures tho “ woodman,” that sturdy pio- 
neei ot civilization, for destroying our 
forests. Now, I fear we aro not so ready, 
even in our own State, to part with- tho ser- 
'!«» of tho kind-hearted woodman, and 
gi\o him such an unceermonious discharge. 
Thero is many a tangled wood-land we 
would first wish to see converted into fruit 
tul fields; his bone and sinow aro needed 
to clear up many a dismal swamp, now en¬ 
gendering and poisoning tho atmosphoro 
with noxious effluvia — the prolific scourco 
of many evils. 
Most heartily do wo rejoico to seo tho 
forest rccedo before the march of improve¬ 
ment, and we hail tho robust woodman as 
toiemost in that noblo cause — for wo con¬ 
sider every aero ot land reclaimed from 
nature s wilds, and brought under cultiva¬ 
tion, as so much added to tho productive 
capacity of our country. By this I would 
not bo understood as desiring an indiscrim¬ 
inate or needless destruction of our valua¬ 
ble timber—by no means: besides this is 
not necessary,— for our villages and cities, 
steamboats and railroads, afford an ample 
maiket at which tho farmer can dispose of 
his surplus wood at renumoi'ating and often 
at extravagant prices, which in many places 
must rather decline than advanco, under 
tho widely extended and constantly increas¬ 
ing influence of the coal trade. 
I hat many (and among them your cor¬ 
respondent) entertain “ fears for themselves 
and posterity,” should our country be shorn 
to any greater extent of its timbor, there 
can bo no doubt: but are thoso fears well- 
grounded ? Is it the will of Providence 
that so large a portion of our productive 
land should remain an uncultivated wild, 
merely to supply ourselves with fuel ?— 
Hath the bountiful and all-wise Creator_ 
ovor mindful and always provident, even for 
the most insignificant of our wants—left us 
no other resource ? 
What mean those vast beds of mineral coal, 
which aro scattered throughout our country 
in unknown and inexhaustiblo quantities ? 
Y\ hy was this earth suffered to remain for 
ages before man entered upon his caroor as 
•• lord of creation,” producing merely a 
mighty growth of forest, tho romains of 
which may bo seen in our invaluable coal 
fields, with which our country is so abund¬ 
antly blessed ? Why, if it were not that all 
things needful might be provided for him, 
so that after fulfilling his mission by con¬ 
verting this wilderness into a garden, he 
should not be loft destitute of fuel ? 
Indeed it cannot bo that wo aro long to 
depend upon our forests for a supply of 
fuol; and although it may bo well to havo 
an oyo to tho wants of posterity, and pro¬ 
vide for coming “evil,” yet wo would chooso 
rather to abide by the Apostle’s injunction, 
and “ bo careful for nothing.” Wo cannot 
feel ourselves in duty bound to undorgo 
present inconvenience, for tho sako of avoid¬ 
ing an evil which wo havo no good ground 
for supposing will ever occur. In point of 
economy, wood in many localities is even 
now tho most expensive fuel used; and as 
the value of land increases, and the modes 
of transportation become more easy, ren¬ 
dering coal more available, tho disparity bo- 
tween wood and coal must proportionally 
increaso. It is true that with most farmers, 
who aro constantly making aggressions up¬ 
on primitive forests, tho cost of their fuel is 
comparatively trifling, as they can supply 
thoir own fires with such as would not sell 
readily in market; but whon no invasion is 
mado, and wood-land is left morely to sup¬ 
ply fuel and roplemish itself, tho expenso 
must greatly increase. 
Mr. Rockwell says, ,r “ twontv-five acros 
of thrifty wood-land will support a family 
of two fires and replenish itself, provided 
tho lands are fenced against cattle.” Sure¬ 
ly this is encouraging, that a farmer who 
has fifty acres of fertile land, (and there aro 
