ROCHESTER, N. Y.-SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1853. 
-( WHOLE NO. 195. 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
Trm Rural New-Yorker is designed to be unique and 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub¬ 
jects connected with the business of those whose interests 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul¬ 
tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter— 
interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav¬ 
ings—than any other paper published in this Country. 
fa?” For Tkrsjs, &c., see last page. 
I Progress and Improvement. 
SECURING POTATOES. 
Tiie Potato, by its universal diffusion, 
^ and admirable adaptation to the wants of 
) mankind as a* means of sustaining life, has 
x become second in importance only to tho 
> Wheat and Corn crops. Its cheapness, and 
) great productiveness, render it emphatically 
| tho poor man’s friend. For some years 
) that inscrutable disease, tho Hot, so far af- 
] foctcd tho potato as to greatly check its ox- 
> tended cultivation, while at one time it 
, seemed to threaten its extinction. Of late, 
howover, tho disease itself seems to bo 
wasting away and tho cultivator encourages 
himself that again ho may plant his potato 
field with a good prospect of realizing, as of 
old, a remunerating harvest of sound tubers. 
Still tho disease lingers here and thero; 
rages, it may be said, in some localities— 
and it is well not to bo too sanguine, but 
profit from past experience and take the 
most advantage that can ho in tho cultiva¬ 
tion. and securing of the crop, yi order to 
ward off or hoad the disease. 
Tho object, however, of this article is not 
to speak so much of this disoaso, as to throw 
out some hints on tho harvesting and secur¬ 
ing tho crop. It may ho somo of thoso are 
old fashioned, nevertheless wo think thorn 
none tho loss wothy of attontion. To have 
good potatoos, it is essential to sccuro thorn 
in good order. And to do this tho work 
must bo commenced in time and porformed 
with caro. It is all important that tho 
ground should bo dry when dug — thon tho 
potatoos can bo immediately pitted or hous¬ 
ed, with tho loast exposure to light, which 
causes them to deteriorate protty fast.— 
Thoy should not theroforo bo exposed to the 
sun or wind, unless in cases whero thoy are 
taken from muddy ground. Hence, tho 
work of gathering thorn should bo perform¬ 
ed as soon as they aro ripo, which may bo 
with tho earlier planted, or tho earlier va¬ 
rieties, in September. 
If tho cellar bo dry and cool, an oxcollcnt 
plan, and ono which may proserve them in 
all their mealy purity—whoro thero is no 
pro-disposition to “rot”—is to mingle fino, 
dry dirt or sand with them in tho bin, and 
to cover them entirely with it. This method 
will keep thorn in thoir natural condition, 
which is best. But wo would not roceom- 
mend it in a damp or warm location. Tho 
cooler tho potato can bo kept above freez¬ 
ing, and tho more porfoct its exclusion from 
tho light and tho oxtornal air, tho better 
it will bo. This is proven by tho fact that 
potatoos, escaping the frost but remaining 
in tho ground till spring, retain all tho dry, 
mealy flavor of fresh potatoes. 
Many potatoos aro pitted or buried in tho 
field. Whoro tho subsoil is sufficiently 
porous to readily pass off all tho wot, tho 
host method of pitting is to dig a trench of 
such a width and depth as may bo thought 
most convenient. This may ho filled nearly 
to tho top, then a coating of straw and over 
that a covor of boards, sufficiently inclinod : 
to pass olf water; upon this shovol from 8 
to 12 inchos of dirt, and you may rest con- 
tont your potatoes will come out in prime 
order in tho spring, unloss thoy aro attackod 
with tho opidemic, and no placo will savo 
them from that. Whoro tho subsoil is not 
porous, but rotentivo of water, pitting is 
dono upon tho surface. A slight elovation 
is selected, a ring of earth raised sufficiently 
largo to hold the desired quantity, which 
should not as a general thing exceed thirty 
bushols. The potatoes as they aro dug aro 
emptied within tho ring, until it is full, and 
tho pile assumes tho shapo of a cono. A 
liberal coating of good, straight straw is care¬ 
fully placed on tho heap, in such a manner 
as to effectually shed all water that may fall 
on it. Ono should not begrudgo straw on 
such a pit, for it is by this tho frost is tho 
most effectually kept out. Dirt is then 
shoveled on at the bottom all around and 
gradually upward till tho apox is covered. 
If it is early in tho soason tho covering of 
earth may ho light; and it is the more 
proper it should bo, that tho heap may bo 
examined and its condition known beforo it 
is fully fitted for standing tho winter rigors. 
Beforo cold weather sets in, another layer 
of earth should bo given, and that sufficient 
to withstand tho frost. If a coating of 
straw bo placed ovor tho first layer of earth, 
it will bo all tho hotter for it. Whero tho 
frost is apt to penetrate deeply, a covering 
of manure from tho horse-stablo will act 
as a groat resistant to tho cold. 
Where tho rot has appeared in tho fields, 
or symptoms of it have occurred, more caro 
is required and othor methods may bo 
adopted. Tho tubers should bo very closely 
sorted, that if possible nono affected shall 
find their way to tho collar or pit. An out 
cellar may bo tho most convoniont for stor¬ 
ing thorn, whoro they can ho often soon to 
and tho decaying or affected ones romovod 
at onco. Charcoal,-from its antiseptic qual¬ 
ities, might bo very beneficially mingled with 
them in a powdorod stato. Perfectly dry 
sand is also good. Whoro potatoes aro li¬ 
able to the disease, they should bo stored 
together in small quantities. Sorting tho 
potatoes as thoy aro dag, and removing tho 
small and unsaleable ones for feeding to tho 
hogs and stock, can bo more economically 
dono than afterward. For winter and 
spring uso thoy should bo storod by them¬ 
selves,— and then your crop is secured in 
good saleablo condition, you havo tho host 
of seed for planting, and stand tho bettor 
chance of increasing crops hereafter. 
FALL FLOWING. 
. ~ w * -O' ’ — ~ J **- w *“ iW 
pushes its roots to roach tho decomposing in tho words of Mr. Lyell ; and ho also 
vegetable matter turned under. The pro- quotes 
cess of top dressing with manuro is little terms : 
bettor than lost. So that .wo say emphati- transfo 
cally, that fall plowing may bo advanta- logical 
goously porformed in all case3, except in a Tho 
quotes tho testimony of Agassiz in these v „ 
terms.—“I cannot admit tho idea of tho „ Et>S ’ Rural : ~ In a late number of tho 
transformation of species from one [geo- , AL ,’ 1 observo a paragraph mentioning 
lonicall formation to an othor” the Sal ° of Ml% IL N - Langworthy’s fruit 
RISE IN REAL ESTATE. 
cally, that fall plowing may bo advanta- logical] formation to another.” 6 sale ot Jttr * iV Langwortiiys fruit 
goously porformed in oil cases, except in a Tho following testimony of tho Roe. E * h ° , of Iron ‘>equoit. If I re- 
cloan clover sward, in which case, if tl.e land S . Dixon, author of a standard treatise on u J 0 , y Mr. L., m an advertisement 
is in good hoart, we should not think it Domestic Poultry, has also a practical in- P“" lsh “ ln J' rar paper m tho Autumn of 
W0 “ M terest and relevancyIt will bo found, I nf l ,Tn * he ab »«'mentioned property 
The comminuting and decomposing effect im0 gi„ 0 , on strict inquiry, that the most about 40 “ cr . es . f » r f.500-showing an 
upon new and unused soils, when brought careful brooding will only fix and make t , ’ !" 6SS , t , ‘™ tW0 ycm ' 
to the surface, is much greater than tho prominent peculiar features or points that be*1?T ,nr .f :es ‘ ate ™ tb J »f 
oleraonts have credit for generally among are observed in certain families of tho same 1 of ohro " ,cloJ i/ et » by no means a 
farmers, and was ono of tho great and pow- abori ginal oci or sub . species> _ n0 more . ™ a "“ ° f *>"»» advancing greatly 
erful causes of tho disintegration of tho and that tl "„ wholo worM P mi hl be chal . £ 1 p " ce w,tbl " lha 7 «a. From 
rocks of'this globe, to form the very soil , d t0 bri ovidonce (such ag would bo !? id f ° T™ , '-ff P . 6r a “ re hav0 been 
that now covers its surface. . „ , a. „ „ paid toi farms m this (Ontario) county; and 
-.. admltled m an English court of justice) that se]dom haTO tll0S0 „„„ hayo ^ ^ 
THE IMMUTABILITY OF SPECIES, ?>"'>•««“' intermediate variety of bird c6odod in improvin ; propert - ; , 
- or animal, that would continue to reproduce happiness 1 ' 01 
Your correspondents, Farmer D., and H. offspring like itself, and not reverting to ‘ f: . 
C. W., in their late communications on “ In- either orie-inal tvne. had been nritrinaioH Ivu . .. . L ia 119,110 c0l,n ty has 
Your correspondents, Farmer D., and H. offspring like itself, and not reverting to ‘ 
C. W., in their late communications on “ In- cither original type, had been originated by w : t! - . ... & 119110 county has 
and-in Breeding,” incidentaiiy raised tho tho crossing of any two wild species.” * * , u>ry, as goo soi , as pleasant 
important question of the Permanence of “My present conviction is, that tho diver- u v ui ’ b u ’ 1 m £ s > an( as 
Species. Without offering, at present, any sities which wo see in even the most nearly a Sccuon 0 C0 ’ ant ^D as an N in tbe 
suggestions on tho main point at issuo be- allied species of birds, aro not produced by . ^ m J peisona -nowledge many 
tween them, I wish to submit a few state- any such influences, [as climate, time, food! f ^ now bo purchased at good 
monts on the interesting question collator- nor by hybridisation ; but that each distinct ^disposition mlnifostod “by farmom to 
t y ™ SeJ ' species however nearly resembling any sell - especially those who have almost 
II. C. W. not only seems to havo misap- other, has been produced by a Creative Paradise-appearing homes. In traveling 
prehended Farmer D. on the point now Power._ through somo ports of tho county I observo 
etoro us, but ho lias also inodvortently POLAND OAT farm builtIi "g s which must havo cost mi¬ 
ni,sstated tho testimony of the Geological “ ' wards of *3,000, and indeed in somo ili- 
records. “There aro unquestionably on This variety of Oat is mentioned in a late stances tho dwelling house alone has cost 
~ ~ X* xL „ T) _ J • n _ . • i. . . •» 
Eds. Rural : — Will you, or some of your cor¬ 
respondents, be so kind as to favor your readers 
with some information on the subject of fall 
plowing ? We wish to know what kiud of soils 
are most benefited, and what kind are injured by 
fall plowing, <fcc. Please give us some informa¬ 
tion on this subject through the Rural. 
Respectfully yours, R. R. Elder. 
Indiana Co., Pa., 1853. 
We have ever advocated fall plowing, and 
so given our testimony on various occasions. 
Wo know of no crop, nor kind of soil, but 
what it is an advantageous process, except 
on a clean clover lay for spring crops. It 
combines various advantages. It is so much 
labor done, at a time when the general work 
of tho farm is past, and tho toams in good 
hoart. It exposes heavy soils to tho do- 
composing effocts of winter frosts, and tho 
action that tho elements havo upon the 
earthy and mineral materials of the soil_ 
exposing tho subsoil in a loose and pulver- 
ont stato, to absorb tho ammonia of snow, 
which chemical investigation shows to con¬ 
tain a largo per cent over tho samo amount 
of rain water. All fall plowing should bo 
porformed as late in tho fall as possiblo, so 
that foul grasses shall not be ablo to voge- 
tato and send up suckors. 
Forworn out soils plow deeper than thoy 
havo been accustomed to, and bring up a 
now strata for tho disintegrating and do- 
composing effoct of winter and theelements, 
particularly in shales and gravelly soils.— 
Iloavy clays and quicksand will need plow¬ 
ing again in the spring, but as lato as possi¬ 
blo beforo planting. 
Tho host process that wo havo ovor tried, 
for making corn and potatoes on stubborn 
foul grass swards, was to plow as lato in tho 
fall as frost would permit; and in tho 
spring, as soon as tho grass bogan to shoot, 
thoroughly harrow — lengthwise with tho 
furrow—thon as lato as it would answor to 
A ---1IUU&U cllOIlO II US COSt 
the earth, at tho present moment, (says No. of the Rural, and information solicited near or quito that amount — and oven now 
l armor D.,) precisely thoso kinds of ani- from thoso who may have tested it. The and then one of those can be purchased at 
mals, birds, and reptiles, with all their ori- writer received a small sample by mail the a bargain. 
ginal characteristics, that passed in review last spring from Mr. I. W. Briggs. They But when we take a more extensive view 
to leceive their names, before their first lord were planted tho samo day as his other oats we observe that real estate is advancing 
- -T’ r w e C1 ' e f ° n - ~ were ’ U P 011 tho samo sorfc of soil > and re - steadily in almost every section of the State" 
• Others (replies II. C. W.) have not so read ceived tho samo attention. Judging from Nor is this rise illusive, but substantial and 
the history ot ages. 1 he geolog.st assigns so small a samplo-hardly a spoonful-the permanent. It is one of tho legitimate and 
different eras and ages to creation, whoso result is exceedingly satisfactory, and well natural consequences of tho increase of 
history is distinctly written upon tho ondu- accords with that montionod in tho article mnnnv x> nr >R a l efla v; n „ f . , 
ring rocks by the hand of God, and from alluded to above. The amount harvested ° i ZT ’ “ g . ff 
whose unerring pagos may bo traced records from tho samplo is a trifle loss than a quart and 8 ’ Fff vo S otab, °s 
» . ° „ , 1 , . , * u Ui111 and stock are raised to advantage and in 
of an,mals and ropt.les unknown except of very plump homes, having a weight, great abundance-while wo posis all the 
from mforma ton thus obtamed. bulk for bulk, of nearly one quarter more conveniences of transportation markets 
It IS evident, howovor. thclt h armor T) in than nrdinarv J 
r*. • • i . i , i , y-i ^ w A v conveniences or transportation and ma 
It is evident, however, that Farmer D., m than ordinary oats. .t . n , 
, , . , . „ J , that the farmer can wish, 
tho extract given, is speaking not of the Ihis variety very closely resembles the Phelps, n. y.. Sept., 1853. 
number of spocies, but of tho species them- “ Imperial Oat” mentioned by Mr. Lee, of - - 
solves with reference to their distinctpreser- Ponn Yan, N. Y., in tho Pat. Office Report FEEDING APPLES TO CATTLE. 
vation, though left by tho Creator to tho for 1850, at page 105. The shapo, size and 
operation of the natural law of unrestricted weight of the grain and tho growth of tho , TlIAr r ° fuse a PP les are valuable as food 
intercourse. But even on the first sunno- Diants, seem almost if not nn. 101 S ° C " aS ° n& ben nown ’ bu ^ as m y 
intercourse. But even on tho first suppo- plants,seem almost if not q#iteidentical un- iUI 0LOCK iun § t>een Kno5vn, but as my 
sition, his statement is almost literally true, less it be that the Poland Oat has a stouter manno *' 0 ee 1S dltlei ’ent from that 
For “only two or three species of animals heavier straw. Mr. Lee, in speaking of the f° n f. ia J P iac tico , permit me to state it 
have, so far as we know, diod out during Imperial Oats, of which the first seeds wero *? r 110 benedt ot otbers : and Jt 18 simply 
tho sixty or seventy centuries of man’s his- recoived by him from the Pat. Offico in 1846, 1 1S—to lefc the cafctle toed themselves, 
toric oxistonco upon earth.”—(Harris’ Pro- says, in the Roport mentioned,—“ I test- After gathering what is wantod for family 
4 1 r i. _ ID il- „ Mi \ i i ... nc<A iU. 1 
Adamite Earth, p. 71.) 
Tho animals and reptiles spoken of by II. 
C. W., as known only from the earth’s rocky 
ed them tho past season with the common 
kind, and receivod the following results : 
Imperial Oats, 1 acre, 51 bushels, weigh- 
„ -- — j -r-->-~" v ‘& u 
records, were all pre-Aiamic. On this point ing 40 lbs ; or at 32 lbs. to tho bushel, 63 
wo quote tho following authority :—“ From bushels and 24 lbs. 
the phenoinona of organic remains, it ap- Common Oats, 1 aero, 40 bushels, weigli- 
After gathering what is wantod for family 
use the cattlo are turned into tho orchard 
and allowed to remain for the first two or 
three days, 15 minutes oach day—then 20 
and 25 minutes, until at the end of six or 
seven days they are permitted to remain 
half an hour each day, and so on through 
the soason. If managed in this way no 
the phenoinona of organic remains, it ap- Common Oats, 1 acre, 40 bushels, weigh- la an 110111 eaC day ’ and so °. n throu &h 
pears that the species of animals and plants ing 31 lbs; or at 32 lbs. to the bushel, 38 * 0 soason - * managed in this way no 
now existing on tho globe, could not, with a bushels and 24 lbs.” danger need he apprehended ffom thoir 
few exceptions, havo beon cotomporarios The reader can readily computo tho dif- eat ‘ n & t0 excoss > oven ^ there aro hundreds 
renco in favor of the Imperial. of bushels on the S round - This meth ° d 
few exceptions, havo beon cotomporarios 
with thoso found in tho rocks.” * * * forcnco in favor of the Imperial. ot husiieis on tho ground. Ihis method 
“ Comparative anatomists decide, from tho Last season I received a small sample of sav0 ® the labor of carrying into the cellar 
structure of the extinct animals and plants, theso oats from Mr. Lee, and I find they an< S ° ^ ,° SS fr ®. m decay; 
that thoy wero intended for a climate and sustain their character nearly as well with &W ° , m 1 1 ' S manncr 
othor physical circumstances so different mo. Tho product of last year’s planting ™ makQ I” th ° m ° nth 
from thoso now existing, that tho organic was sowed in the samo field with my com- c °“ me " cing tho 5th ot 0ctobe L as in any 
beings adaptod to ono stato could not havo mon oats, and recoived tho samo care and ° 61 e year. __ c - 
endured tho othor.”—(Hitchcock’s Geology attention throughout. Indeed thoir position Tiie Steuben Co. Ag. Society is to hold 
page 159.) as to strength of soil was unfavorable. Tho its first Annual Fair at Bath, on the 12th 
On tho subject of tho immutability of yield amounts to over a half busliol—yield- and 13th days of October. The Livonia 
spocies, tho following statomonts are inter- ing, by tho bushol, fully one fifth more, and Town Fair is to be on the 14th of October. 
distribute tho manure if used, cross plow, osting and reliable “ While fossil geology weighing to the bushol exactly cno fifth 
and under a good sun again harrow and exhibits abundant remains of distinct spo- more, making in fact almost half difference 
plant immediately. Tho rationale of this cies, it presents no remains of any species in favor of tho Imperial, 
process for so thoroughly killing foul grass in a stato of transition into other species.” The diligent, progressive farmer will seek 
is, that lying a winter without air or light it (Pre-Ad. Earth, p. 216.) “ Amidst all the to increase his crops, and the yield of them 
becomes bleached and feeble, like all plants vast accumulations of animal remains, not by all judicious means. Where ho can meet 
growing in the shado, and whon turned up, a single abnormal spocimon has yet been a variety that will, with tho samo caro give 
tho sod is so tonder and tho grass roots found. * * * Accordingly, the verdict enlarged returns, ho is careful to select it 
and suckers so easily pulverized that ono returned by all the enlightened geologists knowing that tho profit realized is in fact 
day’s good sun entirely destroys them and of tho day—somo of them by no means un- much more than what is apparent to tho 
will produce tho cleanest field of any pro- duly biased in favor of tho view—is,‘that mere observer. And yet ho is cautious that 
cess that wo have over tried. species have a real existence, and that each ho does not run after every new fanglod 
Planting on a foul grass sward, turned was endowod at tho timo of its creation, notion, that is loudly encored by tho un- 
over for tho first timo in tho spring, fre- with tho attributes and organs by which it scrupulous who would fill their pockots in 
quently makes laborious hoeingand a grassy is now distinguished.”’—(Pre-Ad. Earth, p. humbugging the innocent. His motto is 
field, and tho surface is raw and contains no 225.) “Buy the Truth and sell it not.” t. e. w. ’ 
nutiiment lor tho young plant until it The abovo conclusion is given by Harris - -_- un _- _ 
