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VOLUME IV. NO. 43. J- 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. - SATURDAY, OCTOBER 88, IS53. 
1 WHOLE NO. 199. 
MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Iaterary and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED EY D. D. T. MOORE, 
WITH All ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
) TnK Rural Nkw-Yorkkr is designed to be unique and 
<| beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
C an( l Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
C to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub- 
; jects connected with the business of those whose interests 
) it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul- 
? tural, Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter— 
\ interspersed with many appropriate and handsome engrav- 
( ings — than any other paper published in this Country. 
) t3T' Ron Tkr«s, &c., see last page. ^(*3 
j 'Iluxitl |Icto-jBiier. 
> Pro gress and Improvement. 
; COOKING- FEED FOR HOGS. 
> At tho U. S. Ag. Soiciety’s Annual Meet- 
i J- J* Mates of the Working Farmer, 
stated that “ there was tho groat fact that 
181, lbs. of cooked corn-meal would produce 
as much meat and muscle as 50 lbs. of un¬ 
cooked. But farmers would not believe 
this without endorsement from arespectablc 
source.” 
Every one must admire the fractional ac¬ 
curacy of this important statement. Some 
few, however, would he disposed to doubt 
tho tact, although so confidently stated by 
the Professor, and “ endorsed” by tho U. S. 
Ag. Society. It is generally admitted that 
cooked food is more nutritious than un¬ 
cooked. We were on a farm a few days 
since, near this city, whore wind-fall apples, 
pumpkins, &c., are regularly cooked and 
mixed with barley, pea, or rye meal,schreon- 
ings of wheat, &e., for feeding hogs. The 
farmer had no doubt, from long experience, 
that his hogs fattened much faster on this 
food than when fed on uncooked food. But 
will it pay ? That depends, to a great ex¬ 
tent, on the price of food. If corn is worth , 
but 25 cents per bushel, it is plain that it j 
will not pay to expend much money either ( 
for cooking or crushing it; but where food j 
is high a small quantity saved pays for con- , 
siderable labor, &c. 
Tho object of cooking is to rendor tho ] 
food more soluble, more readily assimilable, < 
or, in other words, easier of digestion. Tho i 
advantage of cooking potatoes, beets, tur- i 
nips, corn, or any other food containing a < 
1 O' 
largo amount of starch, sugar or other i 
available, organic substances, is wo think. \ 
los3 than when straw, chaff, clovor and i 
timothy hay, oats, barley, or any food con- t 
taining much of woody fibre or other i 
insoluble substances, is employed. We are s 
not awaro of any experiments that show j 
that this opinion is correct, yet there aro j 
some that, point that way. When conduct- c 
ing some experiments on sheep feeding at f 
Eothamsted wo found that crushed barley, J 
soaked for thirty-six hours in cold water v 
before using, gave more increase of animal f 
than when not soaked. On tho other hand, t 
crushed malt, soaked in the same way, did t 
not increase tho weight of the sheep so r 
much as that not soaked. Tho figures are : r 
four sheep, in ten weeks, eat 280 pounds of t 
crushed barley not steeped, and 3,867 lbs. of 
mangel wurzel, and increased in livo weight s 
81 lbs.; wbilo four sheep with barley crushed I 
and steeped, eat 280 lbs., and 5,321 lbs. o 
mangel wurzel, increasing 101 £ lbs. Four h 
shoep with crushed malt not steeped, eat in p 
ten weeks, 227 J lbs., and 3,755 lbs. mangel n 
wurzel, and increased 84 lbs.; whilo four s 
shoep with malt crushed but steeped, oat fi 
226^ lbs. malt, and 4,458 lbs. mangel wurzel, c 
and gained only 78 lbs. In the process of tl 
malting tho starch of the barloy is converted o 
into sugar, which is much more soluble than h 
starch, henco the soaking of barloy is at- o 
tended with much bonefit, whilo malt is 
better dry. w 
Wo have boon led to those remarks by B 
seeing some experiments in tho Irish Far- n 
mers Gazette, on fattening hogs on cooked ft 
and uncooked ruta baga3. Eight hogs wore si 
selected and divided into two lots, as evenly tl 
as could bo, and put in to fatten on tho 27th tl 
Nov., 1852. Each lot was fed regularly 
three times a day, having each 12 lbs. of 
bran and barley meal, tho only difference 
being that one lot had steamed ruta bagas, 
and the other pulped ruta bagas. The ex- 
l periment was continued 39 days; tho lot 
having cooked food, eat 468 lbs. bran, &c., 
. and 10,920 lbs. ruta bagas, and increased 
i 103 lbs.—whilo tho lot having uncooked food 
oat 468 lbs. bran, &c., and only 5,460 lbs. of 
rutabagas, and gained 110 lbs. It will bo 
soen that tho lot with cooked food eat more 
than as much again ruta bagas as the lot 
having uncookod, and at the same time did 
not gain so much in weight by 7 lbs. 
W 0 aro afraid to trust these figures in 
regard to tho amount of ruta bagas eaten, 
yet wo see no reason to doubt the fact that 
tho hogs on uncooked food increased more 
than those led with cooked food. Ruta 
bagas contain at least 88 per cent, of water, 
uud when animals are fed exclusively on 
thorn, or have a limited amount of other food 
as was the case in tho above experiments, 
they are necessarily obliged to take into 
their systems more water than is conducive 
to health or the accumulation of fat. It is 
probable that the steamed ruta bagas con¬ 
tained the most water, and hence a larger 
quantity of water was taken into the system, 
rendering a larger amount of carbonaceous 
matter necessary to keep up tho animal 
heat, and hence tho hogs on cooked, eat so 
much more than those on uncooked food. 
In fattening hogs with roots of any kind it 
is advisable to give them nearly as much 
meal, or whatever dry food is used, as thov 
will eat, letting them obtain the water they 
require from the roots. If this had been 
done we believe tho abovo experiments < 
would not have resulted so much in favor 1 
of uncooked food. 
bo proved, and it is a fact that the two bottom of the same. A rod (b) five and a 
machines have little in common; Bell’s half feet long, perfectly smooth and of the 
cut with a clipping shear motion, whilo diameter of the desired pipe—generally an 
McCormick’s has a sawing action ; Bell’s inch and a half or quarter—a pioco of the 
carries the cut grain away by means of an same size a foot long, connected to it by a 
endless apron, while McCormick’s doposits flexible feather pipe, is laid on the cement 
it on one sido in bundles ready for binding, and pressed one half of its diameter into it. 
Again, Bells machine is pushed into tho And the mold full of cement is placed on 
grain, whilo tho other is drawn from the side, tho top of the first, and pressed down, ma- 
Prof. Wilson was particularly anxious king a body of mortar about six inches 
that American papers should announce the square with tho rod in the centre. The 
fact that at a lato trial of Reapers before mold is taken off, and then each man with 
tho Royal Agricultural Society of England, a trowel points the sides and perfects the 
the judges had declared in favor of Bell’s ! joints, ono half of tho five feot. Fine earth 
in competition with Hussey s and McCoft- ; is then thrown in and trampled down on 
mick’s. Wo cheerfully do so. Our readers j each side of the cement, and then about six 
will please mako a note of it. We will add, j inches of dirt thrown loosely over tho top. 
that at the Highland Ag. Society’s meeting j The end of the rod projects far enough for 
in Scotland, on the 6th of last month, Bell’s j ono man to draw it, while the other places 
was awarded the first premium, and Me- j himself so as to hold tho sides of the co- 
Cormick s the second, in competition with ment to prevent a piece breaking off the 
many other machines which have sprung up end as the rod starts. First roll the rod a 
since the exhibition in 1851. They will also little, then draw it to tho feather, which be- 
pieaso note that there was but a single ing flexible, allows the rod to be turned 
machine of McCormicks, while there were back over tho finished part, while another 
three of Bell s, two of which wore declared mold of coment is placed on tho bottom of 
infoiioi to McCormicks. We understand : tho ditch. This new cement must be care- 
that McCormick has since arrived in Scot- fully joined to tho old—quite hard by this 
land and has challenged Bell to another time—with the point of the trowel, and tho 
trial. If Mr. McC.’s machine does not rod then turned down, proceeding as before; 
prove superior in tho trial, we have reapers put on tho mortar, and tho dirt, and then 
in this country that will effectually silence draw the rod, — performing all with care 
tho bell Prof. W ilson s logic to tho con- and neatness, 
trary notwithstanding. 
CEMENT WATER PIPES. 
Good water is everywhere desirable, and ' J§jj| 
4^ U-ii; 
it adds much to the convenience and com- , _ _ 
fort of the farmer and his family, wbeo it is 
of easy aceoss to tho barn and dwelling house. 
Those aro somotimos so sum-id ;i,at the <**.»> *****.„«, WaL . r . 
water of springs or pure streams can bo Introduction of the WaUr.-X pump-log 
brought to any desired locality, by tho use ( a) affords tho best moans of introducing 
of suitable pipes for its eonveyenco. Load j the water to the pipe. It is tapered down 
has frequently boon employed for this pur- ; a nd contented to tho pipe at ono end-tbe 
pose, and also wood, but each are liable to | othcr extends int0 tho spring—tho hole at 
senous objections. The first poisons tho j tho ond stopped , and , „h amh or (b) some 
watoi for drinking and wears out in from four inch(JS 3quare> made in the lower sido 
five to ten years, while the second imparts -.r , , , , , . 
» * * , xi X . p of the log, with a seive(c) to keep out leaves 
a woody taste unless the stream s rapid, ,i:,.x m. - ' ' * , 
, , , 1 5 ana dirt. Inis arrangement prevents the 
and soon decays so as to need repair or re- „i~ • c .i . ... , 
, 0 . J A p U1 clogging of the pipe until the water is some 
newal. Pipes of water lime cement have ;„ ches above tho entrance. Tho wood is 
eon success ul y emp oyet, and tocenf in- j covered with ccmont as far as possible so as 
quiries on tho subject have inducod us to . eo prevent its decay. 
collect and condense for the Rural tho fol- Connection of Penstock with Pipe.-k 
lowing information on their use and con- i i • • x . . . , r 
... ~ . use ana con lead pipe is connected with the cement ppe, 
struction. Mr. Geddes is our principal v i , -x , „ , ^ 
.. ... , , xx • ■ . piiiicipai by plastering around it, and then the latter 
au lOxi \ ns e oi is given m tho Culti- j i s joined to the penstock by which tho water 
vator tor 846. Other writers have also , is brous , lt up ^d delivered. Tho water 
been consulted. , . , , . 
r.., , . _ m ay be carried down the penstock, and by 
D,tehee for Cement Pipes -Those should : a similar load pipe jointed to the cement 
be sunk between two and three feet deep- pipe whieh is t0 in on . tSe0 , h(1 
certainly beyond the reach of frost,-the 1 annexed figure } 
bottom made level and even, and about ° } 
eighteen inches wide. Abrupt turns should 
Preparation of the Cement .—Tho first 
quality of lime and clean, sharp sand should | |||f j r M j 
be procured. Fresh ground lime is to be gpl 1 > 
preferred, and the proper proportion is one ) i® 
bushel of lime to two of sand. These should 1_ 
bo thoroughly mixed before any water is fEjSSplpp} 
put to them, and the water added to only a ~ -^ 
Small quantity, (what Can be used before it (Fiff. 3.) Penstock and Connection. 
sets,) at a time. It should be well worked and j This is perhaps the best plan, as the lead 
tempered like mortar used for plastering. J will bend and ajar or wrench of tho non- 
BRITISH AND AMERICAN REAPERS. 
At an evening meeting during tho lato 
Canadian Fair at Hamilton, Prof. Wilson 
indulged in somo remarks on Reaping Ma¬ 
chines, claiming tho whole credit for British 
inventors, much to the amusemont of his 
audience. Ho asserted, what wo boliovo is 
true, that a machine invented by tho Rev. P. 
Bell ot Scotland, had been successfully and 
quietly cutting the grain on Mr. B.’s farm 
for the last 18 years. That McCormick’s 
machine was a fac-simife of this one in 
everything, except that Bell’s was pushed 
into the grain while McCormick’s was drawn 
with a sido traction, which ho considered an 
injury rather than an improvement; that 
the reason tho American Reapers made so 
much noise in England was, that they came 
at a time when farmers had had their crutch, 
protection, takon from them—and it was a 
porfect God-send to landlords who endeav¬ 
ored to quiet the grumblings of their tenant 
farmers by telling them that now, with this 
American Reaper they could harvest their 
wheat for almost nothing, and that there¬ 
fore they could get along without a reduc¬ 
tion ot rents; “ then the Reapers wore in- , 
troduced with that flourish of trumpets and j 
modesty for which our worthy cousins are so j 
remarkable, till the English really thought 
they had something new and valuable.” 
Tho learned Professor then went on to 
show that it was proved tho American 
Reapers were not now', and he thought none 
of them were valuable,— that cradling bv 
hand was cheaper than cutting by horse 
power, &c., &c. Tho latter assertion was 
most ably and handsomely answered on tho 
spot, by Mr. Christie, M. P. P., who testi¬ 
fied from experience on a largo farm, that 
cutting with the Reaper was much cheaper 
than by hand ; besides it was in this country 
often impossible to get hired help, and 
hence the grain must bo cut with a Reaper 
or not at all. 
The question of priority and imitation we 
will not argue with the Professor. If Mr. 
Bell invented a good Iioapor, as wo have 
no doubt ho did, ho should have due praise 
for so doing, and all we ask is, that Hus¬ 
sey, McCormick and others, should roceivo 
tho like praise for thoir inventions. That 
thoy borrowed the idea from Bell cannot 
(Fig. 3.) Penstock and Connection. 
This is perhaps the best plan, as the lead 
wiii bend and ajar or wrench of tho pen- 
Construction of the Pipe.—Implements j will not break it, as it will the cement. 
Used .— W hen the ditch is ready and a j To prevent the action of tho frost on tho 
quantity of mortar prepared, a kind of i penstock, put a plank frame or box around 
mold or box (a) is brought into u3e for car- ^ an d fill it with old tan-bark above the dis- 
rying the same to the ditch. It is made of charge pipe. This, kept dry, will not freeze, 
smooth inch boards, about five feet long, Letting in the Water . Remedying Defects 
six inches wide and three inches deep, tho ^c.—Water should not be admitted into the 
sides a little Haring so that tho mortar may pipe under six or eight weeks, the ditch 
bo empted with easo. This mold is filled remaining half-filled as when first laid down. 
When it is let in, a careful examination 
a should be made for leaks, but none will be 
found when proper care has been used.— 
f jii Should any bo found, a little cement will 
stop them, and if anv part of the pipe 
(Fig. 1 .) Mold and Rod Jor Cement Pipes. should be Crushed in, the top should bo Cut 
evenly full,(a small board being held against from it, and a piece of tin tho right size fit- 
tho ends, and tho mortar pressed into ted in for the upper part of tho tube, and 
tho co’iieis v.i.ii a trowel,) and carried to then filled in with cement to the size it was 
the ditch, in which two men are standing to originally. Tho coment will soon set and 
receive it and empty it on tho middle of the that part of the pipe be as good as any other. 
a Strength and Cost of Cement Pipes. — 
e Probably no accurato test of tho strength of 
n these pipes has been made. Mr. Geddes 
o speaks of a pipe an inch and a quartor in 
a diameter, some four or five inches square, 
it wli.ch boro a head of twenty feet of water 
c. without injury. No common lead pipe will 
n do this. As to cost, the price varies from 
i- $1, to $1,50 per i’od, including labor, ma- 
s terials and fixtures. Thoir durability must 
e be very great, and whore a diameter of two 
h inches will convey tho necossary amount of 
e water, porhaps no bettor material can bo 
1 used. After tho first few weeks they impart 
i no taste to the water; it is as pure as if 
i Drought in a pitcher from the spring.— b. 
r GUANO vs. NITRATE CE SODA. 
3 H. Shubart, of Bethel, Penn., states in 
tho Farm Journal, that ho has found more 
3 benefit from Nitrate of Soda than from 
1 Guano, as a manure for Maize. Fifty 
pounds Guano, mixed with three-fourths of 
* a bushel of plaster, was applied por acre, 
when the corn was up previous to being 
^ cultivated. Inirty lbs. of Nitrate, ground 
in a plaster mill with three-fourths bushel 
! of plaster, were used per acre, sown in tho 
same manner as the Guano. He thinks the 
1 increase of corn paid for the Guano, but 
that tho benefit derived from tho Nitrate 
would pay for it over and over again. 
Wo regret that the experiment is not 
strictly comparative. Tho Guano w.as sown 
in 1S51, and tho Jvitratein 1853. Wo have 
seen Nitrate of Soda applied to barloy with¬ 
out the slightest benefit. How far it will 
bo efficacious to maizo is a matter of much 
importance, scientifically and practically.— 
We have no theoretical rules for determin¬ 
ing before hand tho relative value of these 
inuuores, but muct roly on practical cvpori- 
ence or scientifically conducted field ex¬ 
periment. How long shall we have to wait 
for the latter ? 
ONONDAGA SOLAR SALT. 
Some two years since, it may be remem¬ 
bered, tho United States Government or¬ 
dered a compara tive test to be made be¬ 
tween Onondaga Solar, and Turks Island 
salt, by packing in each, 150 barrels of 
pork. The hogs were halved, one portion 
being packed in each kind of salt, and the 
pork was then, distributed among varions 
military stations ill all parts of the country 
with instructions that each lot be carefully 
tested, and the result returned to the War 
Department at Washington. The reports 
are now nearly all received at the Comissa- 
ry’s office, and are mostly unanimous in 
sustaining tho superiority of the home man¬ 
ufactured salt. 
There is not a shadow of doubt that tho 
Onondaga solar salt has no superior in the 
world tor packing and dairy purposes ; and 
our farmers need look no farther than our 
own salt springs for a supply of that indis¬ 
pensable artielo. 
Cheese Making.— I was much pleased 
with tho article on Cheese Making in the 
Rural, ot July 23d. I have practised 
cheese making in A ermont as thorein de- 
sciibed, but I have found from experiment, 
that there is a great saving in reducing the 
night s milk to curd, without leaving it to 
cool. I put the rennet into tho milk as < 
soon as it is brought to tho right tompor- \ 
ature, and in 40 or 50 minutes have the * 
curd draining until morning. I found this < 
mothod advanced the products of 40 cows ^ 
about 33 lbs. per day in quantity and all as < 
much in quality.—A. Baldwin, Belviderc.Ill. \ 
Chloroforming Bees.— A statement has j 
recently been very extensively circulated f 
that chloroform had been found by a Mr. ) 
Smith of Edinburgh, to be a most admira- \ 
bio means of putting beos to sleep for .a j 
short time, during which as much honey \ 
could be removed as was desired. A writer in ( 
tho Boston Cultivator has tried chloroform > 
according to Mr. Smith’s plan, and found Yi 
not only that tho bees were soon put to >i 
sleep, but that they have been soundly sleep- y 
ing ever since! y 
