MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 
(£huatbital. 
WINTER SCHOOLS. 
The present is about the time for the 
commencement of winter schools in the 
country; and it becomes the duty of all | 
trustees to see that the school houses are in j 
order, the window lights all set, plenty of 
good fuel proTided, a broom, a pail and a 
cup in the school house,and some attention 
paid to the comfort both of the teacher and 
his pupils. If colds, sore throats, and sick¬ 
ness occur to either the one or the other, 
f 
as too frequently happens resulting in 
death, from neglect of duty on the part of 
trustees, every one of them ought to be in- j 
dieted for manslaughter, and sent to the 
penitentiary. They are the holders of a 
sacred public trust, and if they betray it ; 
they deserve to bo arraigned before a crim¬ 
inal tribunal, as they certainly will be before 
high heaven ! 
Let parents see to it that their children : 
are provided with books and all the appa¬ 
ratus necessary for instruction. Let their 
clothing be neat, warm and comfortable. , 
No matter if it be coarse in texture, provid¬ 
ed it is strong, well made up, and well fit¬ 
ting. The humblest dressed boy in school, 
if he is only tasty and neat in his appear¬ 
ance, will be much more pleasing than the 
most costly clad if he is a slouch. 
Above all things, sustain the teacher, and 
aid him in upholding his authority. Do not 
say when your neighbor’s boy gets punished 
“ it is all right,” and then fall to abusing the 
teacher when the flagellation comes home 
to your own door. In ninety-nine cases 
out of every hundred, the man who habitu¬ 
ally finds fault with school teachers has a 
rascally set of children ; and those children 
have a rascally father, answering in the 
negative, by his own conduct, the inquiry 
in holy writ—“Do men gather figs of 
thorns or grapes of thistles ?” 
The most difficult, harassing, and patience- 
trying business in the whole range of hu¬ 
man employments is that of teaching a pub¬ 
lic school: and it is as impossible for a 
teacher to go through a winter’s school and ; 
do his*duty, without having fault found with j 
him in some quarter, as it is for a rich man 1 
to enter the kingdom of heaven. We have 
had some experience ourselves, and we have : 
a great many friends, both male and female, 
who have had more. Teachers sometimes 
err as well as other men, for they are hu¬ 
man; and the individual who would perse¬ 
cute a school-master having unintentionally 
done a wrong, would, if he had lived eigh¬ 
teen hundred years ago, have joined in the 1 
cry against the Savior, “ Away with him ! 
Crucify him ! Crucify him !” 
* ----- 
Written for the Rural New-Yorker. 
EDUCATION OF THE FARMER-AGAIN. 
The various relations of the farmer as a 
man, have been touched, and a few things i 
said in regard to those various relations.— 
But there are many things yet unsaid, still 1 
more important. The farmer, in common 
with other men, sustains a very important 
relation to his business. This relation must 
be well understood, or his business will in¬ 
volve him in difliculty and debt. 
Again, the farmer is a social being, en¬ 
dowed with faculties which form a vevv im-; 
portant item in the social compact. He ! 
lives—lives like other men, and loves like 
other men. The toil incident to a farmer’s 
life, in no wise unfits him to fill his place in 
society. True, the physical powers have an 
intimate and mysterious connection with 
the mental. When the body is worn with 
toil there is less apparent rigor and energy 
to the mind. But an active mind—one 
trained to habits of thought, elevated, intel¬ 
ligent thought, can do much in beguiling 
the weariness of the body. How pleasant 
to the weary laborer is the draughts of 
knowledge, drank at an ever-flowing foun¬ 
tain. Such a mind has more than a “dozen 
thoughts.” His enjoyment is not circum¬ 
scribed by the narrow limits of sense. But : 
to return. A proper, a thorough education 
fits the farmer, as well as other men, to fill 
well his place in social and domestic life.— 
For what are men to be educated ? Is it 
not that they may be more useful in the i 
various avocations of life. Are men to be 
educated only for “ professional life ?” How 
very little “ comparatively” of the happiness 
of the heart depends upon superior qualifi-. 
cations for “ professional life.” And yet, j 
there are those who seem to think that j 
“ professional men” only need a thorough 
education. Do we not need the advantages 
of a good education to fit us for higher and 
more important positions in this world ?— 
Is it not important to have educated hus¬ 
bands and fathers, neighbors and citizens ? 
Who will deny it ? Is there not very much 
of the happiness of this life dependent on 
these various relations ? Indeed is not this 
all ? f 
Men are not only to be educated for min¬ 
isters and doctors, lawyers and teachers, 
but the line of discrimination, if there must 
be one, should be carried much farther amid 
the dear and important relations of life.— 
AYhere we see an unfaithful and inconstant 
husband, making miserable and wretched 
the companion of his choice, we may charge 
it to a want of proper education. 
How many hearts have been wrung with 
anguish ; how many high hopes have been 
blasted in the domestic walks of life! Is 
all this to be endured, silently, without in¬ 
quiring the cause ? Wo are not to charge 
every evil in families or societies to the in¬ 
toxicating bowl, or to tho strong and lustful 
passions. There is much unhappiness in 
the world where these do not exist, although 
God knows they create enough of misery 
and woe ! The husband with an educated 
and enlightened mind, is so much the better 
qualified to adorn that very important rela¬ 
tion in life. And the ignorant, uncultivated 
being who possesses little else to recom- 
! mend himself, but fair and characteristic 
: physical proportions, is altogether unfit to 
make a good husband, and to fill other con¬ 
sequent relations. 
Of course it would be deviating from my 
subject to speak here of the obligations of 
the opposite sex.—that will form a chapter 
under tho “Education of Farmers’ Wives.” 
“ Strange idea,” says one, “ to talk of edu¬ 
cation of husbands and wives,” and yet 
there is no more important application to 
be made of tho advantages of education. I 
know it is quite unpopular to talk in this 
manner. In the wholo course of the young 
man’s education, this is rarely ever named, 
that he will no doubt become a husband and 
parent, and that very much of his happiness 
will depend upon his ability to discharge 
well the duties of those relations. Many 
rush blindly into the responsible relations of 
life, and when it is quite too late, open their 
eye3 upon their folly. Education adorns, 
with transcendant brightness, the family 
circle. Is there a more charming sight up¬ 
on this blighted earth, than a family well 
and thoroughly educated ? And is it not 
just as necessary in a farmer’s family, as in 
any other ? That man is fortunate indeed, 
| who has the means, ample and ready, to pay 
others for educating his children ; but he is 
1 far more so, who is qualified to teach them 
himself. A parent can do much more, and 
do it better, than “ the school-master.” If 
i he has not time himself, to teach his boy, it 
is very important that he knows when others 
are teaching him right A farmer may be 
economical in the distribution of his time, 
and in the application of his efforts upon his 
. farm, but it is just as necessary that he un¬ 
derstand something of economy in the ed¬ 
ucation of his children. Here is a general 
! failure among farmers. The most import- 
' ant duty of a parent’s life, must be done by 
others, or the work remains undone. 
The farmer, as well as the physician or 
; minister, is a component part of human so¬ 
ciety. An educated and intelligent society 
of farmers, would indeed present a striking 
' anomaly and a thing much to be desired.— 
Education is the only true refinement, and 
an educated society would be a refined so¬ 
ciety. Independence of thought, the pow¬ 
er of weighing matters relative to human 
life, are indeed desirable among all classes 
of society. Again, the farmer is a citizen. 
He sustains an important relation to his 
country, and the question is, how this rela¬ 
tion shall be well maintained ? Shall he 
forever follow in the wake of some aspiring 
demagogue ? Shall he be ignorant of the 
design and necessity of human government: 
Shall he vote money out of his own pocket 
and not know it ? Let him have the ad¬ 
vantages of a thorough education, and then 
will talent grace agfccultural employment, 
and labor cease to be mere drudgery. 
Kendall MiUs, N. Y., 1SS3. J. W. BARKER. 
The Common* Schools of New England. 
—By tho las official returns of the Public < 
Schools in the six New England States, the i 
whole number of pupils in attendance du- 1 
ring the year was 82,055,131 65. In Ver¬ 
mont, the average cost of each pupil was 
83.22. In Maine, 81,34. In Connecticut, 
81.35. In Rhode Island, 8l,64. In Massa¬ 
chusetts, the law requires each town to 
raise by tax, at least 81,50 per child be¬ 
tween five and fifteen years of age, as a 
condition of receiving a share of the in¬ 
come of the State School Fund. All the 
towns complied with this condition last 
year, and 180 towns raised double the sum 
thus specified. The amount expended in 
Massachusetts last year, for each child be¬ 
tween the ages above named, was 84,54. 
A Model Teacher. —A correspondent of j 
the Summit Beacon says :—“ There is at 
the present time a person ‘keeping school’ 
in this county, who enters the school-room 
with her dress partially hooked up, shoes un¬ 
tied, holes in her stockings, hair about her 
ears, skirt three inches below her dress, and 
all excessively dirty, and drags her scholars 
through the exercises of reading and writ¬ 
ing, and nothing more. Not a slate, gram¬ 
mar book or geography has been used du- 
ing the term, and the figures upon the black¬ 
board, which were made there last winter, 
are there now. 
fiP 
s»J m 
THE BIRD OF PARADISE. 
THE LAKE SUPERIOR REGION. j and night But from this time to the close During a few da ° vs ' pas t our"forests'have 
-- of navigation everv conveyance will be 
The various kinds of business, and par- brought into requisition, and fears are en- jeen robed m t ‘ 10Se bues 01 beauty which 
ticularly that of mining, connected with tertained that, as usual, more or less will of travelers from tho old world so much ad- 
Lake Superior, are increasing in extent and j necessity lay over at this place. When the mire, and which are nowhere seen in such 
activity, beyond all former years. Some Canal is*finished this difficulty will be ob- 1 grandeur as in our American forests, in 
years ago a small steamboat could scarcely viated. One serious obstacle in the way of i T>„ f . * 
find employment in running from Detroit j freighting upon Lake Superior is the diffi- j ‘ ' 1 uyc gazer enrap- 
to the Sault, and half a dozen small sail j culty attending the landing of freight at * ured on tbe scene, there has been a sacIness 
vessels were sufficient for all the transpor- most points. But through the enterprise ; rningled with the rapture, for wo too well 
tation business on Lake Superior. Now we J of James Carson and others a fine and ex- knew that those beautiful hues were but the 
have five large steamboats and four first tensive pier has been built at Ontonagon. 1 premonitions of decay, like the hectic flush 
class propellers running regularly to the a t which vessels can land and unload with_ e , 
Savdt, besides several sail vessels and Iran- evcry facilitv.-7.afa. Superior Journal. ° n j he cbook of beau ‘- T '. " hcr0 a1 ' 0 tboso 
sient steamers, charter^ to this place by _ _ _ brilmnt leaves to-night ? The rude blast 
the trip. On Lake Superior there are two CALIFORNIA IN OLDEN TIMES. has swept them from the parent bough, and 
steamboats, four propellers, and lour or hurled them to the earth, where, heaped in 
five sail vessels ; and all of these vessels, both The following description of this country drifts, and deluged by tho rain, they mingle 
above and below the I alls, aie i unnmg wit i a s it was a century and a half ago, is taken with the duet 
full freights and crowds of passengers. , .. T un tne oust. 
g from the published transactions of the Lon- Tho bir d s have fled from tho leafless 
sient steamers, charter^ to this place by 
the trip. On Lake Superior there are two 
steamboats, four propellers, and four or 
five sail vessels ; and all of these vessels, both 
above and below the Falls, are running with 
full freights and crowds of passengers. 
As usual at this season of the year, 
CALIFORNIA IN OLDEN TIMES. 
as it was a century and a half ago, is taken 
from the published transactions of the Lon- 
a much less expense, and it will then be as are afraid of them, we have resolved to ex- Barr*, >\ Y., Oct. 23, i«53. h. d. b 
easy to reach the popper, iron and silver tirpate them. The climate is so mild that -——- 
mines of Lake Superior as it is now to come the men go naked, and the women wear an Decision anp Trcth.—W hatever you 
to the Sault. Lines of steamers will be run apron covering from waist to knee.” think proper to grant a child let it’ be 
regularly to this lake from Oswego, Buffalo,-■—-—-—--granted at the first word, without entreaty 
Erie, Cleveland. Detroit, Milwaukee, Lhica- The Soap Plant. —The Vienna journals or prayer ; and abovo all, without making 
go and other points on the lakes, enabling announce that a firm of California has sent any conditions. Grant with pleasure, re¬ 
settlers to come direct and at small expense, homo to that city some seeds of the soap fuse with reluctance, but let your refusal 
The future is all before us in the new plant. It grows wild in California, rising to I be irrevocable; let not importunity shako 
“ State of “ Superior. ’ Tho wharves and tbe height of about a foot. The plant ! vour resolution, let the positive “no,” 
warehouses are now filled to overflowing f ades away in the month of May, and inside when once pronounced, bo a wall of brass, 
with freight for the mines upon Lake Su- 0 f eac h is a ball of natural soap, superior, it which a child, after be has tried his strength 
perior, and every exertion is being made to j g aEser t e d, to any that can be manufac- against it half-a-dozen times, shall never 
forward it as fast as possible by both day t ur e di more endeavor to shake. 
THE LITTLE BOY THAT DIED. 
Dr. Chai.meks i* said to be the author of the fol¬ 
lowing beautiful poem, written on the occasion of the 
death of a young son whom he greatly loved: 
I am all alone in my chamber cow, 
And the midnight hour is near; 
And the faggot's crack and the clock's dul tick 
Are the only sounds I hear. 
And over my soul, in its solitude, 
Sweet feelings of sadness glide, 
Tor my heart and my eyes are full when I think 
Of the little boy that died. 
I went one night to my father's house— 
Went home to the dear ones all— 
And softly I opened the garden gate, 
And softly the door of the hall. 
My mother came out to meet her son— 
She kissed me, and then she sighed, 
And her head fell on my neck, and she wept 
For the little boy that died. 
I sfiall miss him when the flowers come, 
In the garden where he played; 
I shall miss him rno^e by the fire-side. 
When the flowers have all decayed. 
I shall see his toys and his empty chair, 
And the horse he used to ride; 
And they will speak, with a silent speech, 
Of the^little boy that died. 
We shall go home to our Father's house— 
To our Father's house in the skies, 
Where the hope of our souls sliaii have no biigbt, 
Our love no broken ties; 
M e shall roam on the banks of the river of peace 
And bathe in its blissful tide; 
And one of the joys of our heaven shall be 
The little boy that died. 
Written for Moore's Rural New-Yorker. 
AUTUMNAL MEDITATIONS. 
TnE calm, beautiful moon-light evenings 
Many marvelous things have been rela- bird’s other dimensions. The head, the AUTUMNAL MEDITATIONS, 
ted of this splendid bird.—but the truth is throat, and the neck, are of a pale gold col- — 
strange enough for the purpose of our read- or. The base of tho bill is surrounded by J* calm, beautiful moon-light evenings 
ers. It is a native of the Molucca Islands, black feathers, as also tho side of the head * hlch have enjoyed for two weeks past, 
where it is called by the natives God’s bird, and throat, which are soft as velvet, and are g°° e i and this evening is chilly, dark 
as superior to all others he has created.- changeable like the neck of a mallard. The and How many and how varied 
They live in large flocks - at night perch- hinder part of the head is of a shining green J™ th ° Ganges which the four past weeks 
. * ,_ g „ The hodv and winces are ! hav0 Presented to the observer ot nature m 
ry Of Natural History gives' 'the following ; part of the tail feathers is of a pale yellow, J ed b ? bird A *w weeks since while 
description : ‘ and those beneath are white and longer the and birds sleeping ,n the 
There are about eight different species of, than tho former; for which reason the » 0 ro st passe y. e 
these birds; but that which is best known hinder part of the tail appears to be all -* ““ .® rmg . °'^ ,B ’ an ' roa e( 
is the greater paradise bird, which appears white. But what chiefly excites curiosity I " ‘ US eavos ’ an w lca ‘ 0 
t eve of The size nca Iv of a p"eon, j are ... long, naked feathers, which spring «■«> golden chambers of the 
l‘„ g h in reality the body is'not tn eh ia, ; front the upper part of the rump above the , 
ger than that of a thrush. The tad, vthtch tad, and wh.ch arousuaj.touttwofee, d , , be ^ J 
is about six inches, is as long at.the body;t long,'tho whoo:shaft of a deep black and t^ >ml ^ The kiss of the Frost King 
the wings are largo compared with the i feathered extremity of a changeable color. i30nmis t0 tho „ owm an ,l his breath 
was like an iceberg to the tendc-r leaves. 
During a few days past our forc*sts have 
freight lodges and accumulates at this place! do “ Royal Society, from 1 / 00 to 1720, and groves, and their mournful notes were 
and^the docks and warehouses are crowded printed in 1.31: heard as, high above our “ken,” they were 
to overflowing with winter supplies, destin- “California, the Peninsula, has been wending their southward flight to the 
ed for the mines. It is a glorious thing for known nearly two centuries. Its coasts are oranee groves of Alabama, where winter’s 
Lake Superior that the Ship Canal is to> be ;f am0 us for pearl fisheries. Nor do I doubt i v,i., c v 0 
speedily opened. With the rapid strides {fi a t there are mines to be found in several ~ \ ’ ' ' 
that bnsiness of all kinds has made for sev- i p] a ceg if they were sought for. since the ^ caves which so late were fair and beautiful, 
oral years past^ it would be next to impossi- : COU ntry is under the 6ame degree as the dead and fallen to rise no more ? No, 
ble, in three years more to do the necessary provinces of Sinaloa and Sonora, where thev are not dead according to tho common 
transportation over this one mile ot port- there are very rich ones. Heaven has been understanding of the word death ! There is 
age; and this great increase is the natural s0 bountiful to the Californians, that the „ .... , . 
healthy growth of the country, which noth- eart h brings forth, of itself, what it does not nothm ? tha J d ' es a " d becomes annihilated, 
ing can intercept. The mineral wealth of produce elsewhere without a great deal of nor ever wl1 ^ while time endures. o 
Lake Superior is known, at length, to the labor and pains; yet they make no esteem tread them under our feet; we see them 
country, and thousands and tens of thou- 0 f the plenty and of the riches of their coun- rot, and change to dust, and tho multitude 
sands are waiting only for the completion try, contenting themselves with what is only who do not reflect, sav thev are nought but 
ot the canal to settle in the mining districts, necessary for life, and take no care for the ‘ J i v 
where more money can be made in mining, rest. Parts of the country aro very popu- dust ’ But et u8 P ause and obsorvo the 
farming and mechanical employments than i ous> They are a lively people, the cli- wonderful organization of nature. Wo then 
in any other region of the United States. mate is healthy. In the valleys excellent behold the fallen leaves decomposed and 
In the meantime hundreds will not wait pa g t ure. at all’ times, for great and small : diffused through all the vegetable kingdom, 
for the completion of the ca>.al-they wish cattle fine springs, wild grape vines ; as it and when g ; a ; n rct in8tead of 
to be first m tho field—and are finding their abounds in fruit, it does not less so m grain, . . . ^ 1 , . 
way into the country by every boat, and we 0 f w hich there aro fourteen sorts that the boin ? ( -HSt, wo behold them again fluttering 
think the population of the whole country, \ p 00p i e feed on. They have plenty of red on tho swaying boughs, and blushing in the 
bordering on Lake Superior, has been strawberries, of which they eat plentifully, blossoms, and waving in fields of golden 
doubled within a single year. I here is no Their citrons and watermelons are of an ex- era ; n . Thus has the Creator ordained that 
doubt as to the present being a favorable traordinary size. Most plants bear fruit , ife and beaut shall be the frnits of disg0 _ 
time for coming into the country, when the three times a year. Me brought with us . . , . J , 
most desirable lands can be secured and the f r0 m New Spain. Indian corn, wheat, peas, bj t* on and decay. Except a corn of wheat 
most desirable employment engaged in.— 1 lentils, &c. We sowed them and had a very fall into the ground and die, it abideth 
Mineral and agricultural lands are low com- plentiful increase, though we had no cattle alone; but if it die it bringeth forth much 
pared with what they will bring in market or proper implements to till the ground.— fruit” Our bodies like the fallen lpaf 
after the completion of the canal. Proper- We brought some cows and store of small i . t f ’j f 
ty of .11 kinds . ill undoubtedly advance cattle, as'sbeep and goats, but our necessity i , mu ?‘ *T ‘“ r " 10 d f ’ bnt not bke ' be 
rapidly on tho opening of this great channel obliged us to kill the greatest part of them, sba ‘‘ they be at the resurrection, dit- 
of communication between Lake Snperior Wo likewise brought with us horses and j fused through space, for the Christian 
and the rest of the country. Mining busi- co it. s to stock the country, and we began to j “knoweth that his Redeemer lives:” and 
ness, as well as every other kind, will then breed up hogs; but as these do a great deal ! also. “ Though worms destroy his body, yet 
be carried on with greater facility and with 0 f damage in the villages, and the women i in his flesh he shall Eee God.” 
a much less expense, and it will then be as are a f ra id of them, we have resolved to ex- I Bim, N. Y., Oct. 23 , iss3. h. d.b 
