MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER, 
391 
#rt|jar& mtU (Harirnt. 
HORTICULTURAL HINTS. 
Spring vs. Fall Plowing.—A correspon¬ 
dent of the Ohio Farmer who has had much 
experience in planting trees, thinks spring 
planting much the best, but that trees plant¬ 
ed in spring in holes dug in the fall, are 
still hotter—making a more vigorous growth 
and doing well every way. Tho plan was 
pursued by accident in tho first place, somo 
years ago, and ho says, “ I have repeated 
the experiment on a larger or smaller scale 
almost every year since, and with uniform 
success ; tho trec3 not only growing better 
tho first year, but continuing far to outstrip 
in growth and vigor, treos planted in holes 
not oxposed to the frost and atmosphere of 
a winter, which seem to prepare the ground 
for tho roots better than any mechanical 
means whatever.” Tho statement is worth 
remembering, and it is not too lato in somo 
localities yet, to try tho experiment. 
High-priced Apples. —At tho “Homo¬ 
logical Conversations,” held at tho last 
State Fair, mention was mado of tho largo 
profits mado by somo cultivators of tho 
“Lady Apple.” It is a beautiful applo,and 
in demand in cities for fashionablo evening 
parties, both in this country and in England, 
and far beyond tho supply. Mr. Denning, 
of Dutchess Co., had sold for somo years, 
$40 worth from a single tree—tho price va¬ 
rying from $8 to $12 per bushel. His was 
a gravelly soil; on soils of a different char¬ 
acter tho crop had been quite unsuccessful. 
From an orchard in Orange' Co., five bar¬ 
rels were gathered, but not fifty apples were 
without blemish, and tho least dofcct pre¬ 
vents their sale for this purpose. From an 
orchard of this variety, cultivated near Phil¬ 
adelphia, a nett profit of $200 per acre, was 
realized. There wore four acres of orchard 
—fifty trees to the acre—and it was ma¬ 
nured with bone-dust and constantly culti¬ 
vated in crops, and was looked upon as one 
of the neatest and most profitable orchards 
in tho State. If fashions wero not so liable 
to change, it might bo well to go into the 
cultivation of this varioty more extensively. 
Soap-suds for Grape Vines. —Wo havo 
spoken repeatedly of tho value of this often 
neglected fertilizer, and find in tho London 
Gardener s Chronicle, a statement confirm¬ 
ing our own. A vino was planted on a very 
still' soil,—at ton inches deep—and vory 
carefully attended to,—for the first two or 
three years it mado little progress, butafter 
tho fourth year it grew vigorously. It pro¬ 
duced shoots fifteen or twenty feet in length 
and a good crop of fruit, much to the sur¬ 
prise of all who know the soil. But a drain 
five feet from tho vino, which led from tho 
sink of tho wash houso ceased to How, and 
was taken up, and it was found that tho 
roots had completely filled it. They wero 
removed and the vino ceased to grow — it 
had lost its accustomed and needed stimu¬ 
lant. Tho grapo is a gross feeder, and the 
more manure it receives, under a certain 
point, tho moro vigorous and productive it 
becomos.—u 
FRAUD IN FRUIT TRI&S. 
In a lato number of tho Rural, we find 
an article quoted from tho Worcester (Mass.) 
Spy, under tho heading, “Fraud in Fruit 
Trees;” upon which, together with the edi¬ 
torial comments, I wish to make a few re¬ 
marks. Such frauds as hero spoken of, have 
boon extensively practiced in this part of 
the Stato, tho sellers invariably represent¬ 
ing themselves as agents of tho “Rochester 
Nursery.” The purchasers, in most cases, 
appear to think thcro is but one nursery in 
Rochester, and do not oven know tho namo 
of the person with whom they contracted. 
Of courso nobody is accountable, and no 
person’s reputation has suffered by the 
transaction. A single cxamplo will show 
how this business has been done up hero.— 
A neighbor engaged a few troes, and among 
them was a Black Tartarian cherry. The 
trees, labolled according to contract, were 
delivered and paid for, and our neighbor, 
not boing very observing, did not discover, 
until tho agent was gone, that tho tree for 
which he had paid 50 cents, supposing it to 
bo a Black Tartarian cherry, was an applo 
treo. It may be readily inferred that the 
“Rochester Nursery” is not very popular, 
and yet I find no evidence that ono of theso 
trees ever came from Rochester. But bo 
that as it may, I am confident that no nurs¬ 
eryman would hazard his reputation by 
sending abroad such trees on contracts as 
are brought in hero, unless at tho same time, 
ho could hido himself behind somo irrespon¬ 
sible agent. 
But what shall wo say of tho peculiarities 
of that “ treo manufactory located in an ob¬ 
scure part of New York Stato,” referred to 
by tho Worcester Spy ? Can wo stroteh 
our credulity onough to beliovo that trees 
can be root-grafted in winter, and grow like 
suckers for two yoars and then be large 
enough to “cheat greenies.” Surely noth¬ 
ing of tho kind was ever boforo thought of 
in Massachusetts, or tho writer would not 
havo traveled to “ an obscure part of Now 
York Stato,” for an example ! With regard 
to theso agents, I give it merely as a matter 
of opinion, and would liko to bo corrected 
if wrong, that the Rochester nursorymen 
have no agents abroad for whoso transac¬ 
tions they hold themselves responsible. 
Now if wo do not wish to bo “gulled by 
this regular wooden nutmeg operation, nor 
to bo verdant enough to purchase of pod- 
dlars,” how shall we obtain our fruit trees ? 
We should obtain them at nurseries, con¬ 
ducted by men of good standing and repu¬ 
tation, on whom we can rely. However 
satisfactory this answer may be, it is I think, 
still liable to some objections. If nurserymen 
did not sell to dealers and agents at whole¬ 
sale, but confined themselves to furnishing 
directly those who purchaso for their own 
setting, is it not plain that the large nurs¬ 
eries of tho cities, which now send out 
thousands of choice fruit trees, would bo 
dimished to rods instead of acres ? If no 
trees wero transplanted except by those who 
would go to the nurseries and obtain them, 
there would not bo one fruit treo set, where 
thero are now twenty, and in many loca¬ 
tions, at a distance from nurseries, our 
choicest fruits would remain long unknown. 
Another difficulty: a farmer comes to tho 
nursery in tho spring and wishes to obtain 
somo fruit treos, but ho is ignorant of vari¬ 
eties, and yet does not wish to trust the 
judgment of the nurserymen, but expects a 
verbal description of tho different fruits to 
aid him in selecting. 
Now during the soason of transplanting, 
tho busiest of all busy men, are nursory¬ 
men, and arrangements should be made to 
encroach as little as possiblo upon their time 
at this season. Every man that owns an 
acre of land, should own a copy of tho works 
of Downing, Thomas, or Barry, ho can then 
judgo for himself in reference to varieties. 
I concluded there is but one safe way of 
purchasing trees and that is, to deal with 
those who aro responsible, and have a repu¬ 
tation at stake, and whenever this can be 
done, it matters not whether a man buys at 
the nursery, or at his own fireside, he will 
be safo in either case. A. M. Williams. 
Marccllus, Onondaga Co., N. Y., 1833. 
FOREST TREE LEAVES. 
It is but recently that tho Forest Tree: 
were draped with tho most variegated and 
beautifully colorod leaves, and wo have en¬ 
joyed a visit to tho wild woods, as to a 
picturo gallery. 
Tho great artist’s wand was but out¬ 
stretched and thero camo over the scene a 
beautiful change from tho long Summer 
green to the orange tho scarlet and othor 
tints of colors. Wo havo been like the boys, 
eager to pick up and preserve many of the 
falling leaves, and hero avail ourselves to 
make known to others tho manner in which 
they with their coloring may bo preserved 
as protty mementoes of the past season’s 
production. A New England lady furnishes 
the plan, who, to uso her own words, says 
—select tho leaves from time to time, and 
put thorn under tho leaves of a large book, 
to press them freo from wrinkles, and fre¬ 
quently exposo them to tho air and light— 
after they become dry I transfer them to 
largo sheets of coarse paper, (not printed 
on) there to bo kept till you wish to varnish 
them, which is done by taking tho best of 
coach or cabinet makor’s varnish, which 
should bo put on lightly with a small paint 
brush. They will afterwards soon dry 
if placed exposed in a cool parlor, and away 
from furnace or stove heat. Beautiful bou¬ 
quets of leaves may be arrangod, to be sent 
to absent friends and for tho purpose of con¬ 
voying to distant countrios specimen loaves 
of our forests. Tho maple, sumac, and sil¬ 
ver-leaf poplar are protty for tho purpose. 
Washington Irving, in his Crayon Miscolla- 
ny, skotchestho followingWo were over¬ 
shadowed by lofty trees, with straight, 
smooth trunks, liko stately columns ; and as 
tho gathering rays of tho sun shono through 
the transparent leaves, tinted with tho ma¬ 
ny colored hues of autumn, I was reminded 
of tho effect of sunshino among tho stainod 
windows and clustering columns of a Goth¬ 
ic Cathedral. Indeed, thero is a gran¬ 
deur and solemnity in our spacious forests 
of tho West, that awakon in mo the same 
feeling I havo experienced in those vast and 
vonerablo piles ; and tho sound of tho wind 
sweeping through them, supplies occasion¬ 
ally tho deep breathings of tho organ.” 
J. II. W. 
Rochester, Nov., 1853. 
Pear Trees. —Any man having a small 
plot of ground can rear a number of dwarf 
poar trees which in a few years will furnish 
quite a variety, and abundance of most 
luscious fruit. 
SAWDUST FOR ORCHARDS. 
A yoar last fall I hauled a load of old rot¬ 
ten sawdust and tln-ow it around my young 
applo trees. My neighbor over the way is 
one of those characters who plods on in the 
samo old track that his father and grand¬ 
father did, believing that they knew all and 
more too. My neighbor said if I put saw¬ 
dust around my trees it would surely kill 
them. He said he put manure around some 
of his trees, and killed them. I told him I 
would risk it “any how.” 
I put fresh stable manure around one row 
and sawdust ai’ound the next; around an¬ 
other row I put leached ashes, and tho re¬ 
mainder of the orchard I manured with well 
rotted barn-yard manure, and in the Spring 
spread it well and planted the ground with 
corn and potatoes. The result was, many 
trees grew very luxurintly, but the trees 
where tho sawdust was, grow the best, the 
bark being smoother, and tho trees had a 
healthier appearance. I will stato also, that 
part of the oi chard planted to potatoes 
grew greatly better than that part planted 
to corn. The soil a clay loam.— Dol. JYews. 
Tho practice of growing corn or potatoes 
under fruit trees cannot be commended.— 
It is, however, generally believed that tur¬ 
nips, clover, potatoes, &e., injure tho fruit 
trees much less than cereals. We cannot 
understand the abovo experiment. Saw¬ 
dust is of little manurial value in its raw 
stato, and why it should bo a bettor mulch 
than barn-yard manure we do not see. If 
it was plowed in on a “clay loam soil” it 
might havo somo beneficial mechanical ac¬ 
tion. We should bo glad to hoar from any 
of our readers who have any experience on 
this matter. 
HARDINESS OF APPLE TREES. 
In Wisconsin and othor portions of the 
north-west, it is well known that young ap¬ 
plo trees, and sometimes older ones, aro lia¬ 
ble to disaster from tho peculiarity of soil 
and climate. Tho following list of tho dif¬ 
ferent sorts in cultivation thero, and the re¬ 
sults of the experiments mado upon their 
hardiness, aro givon by F. K. Phoenix, of 
Walworth county in that State : 
“Varieties, which, though they may 
sometimes succeed when root grafted, have 
proved with us tonder and untrusty on the 
root: Baldwin. Esypus, Spitzenburgh, Rox- 
bury Russet, Hubardston Nonsuch, Rambo, 
Bullock’s Pippin, (or American Golden Rus¬ 
set,) Maidon’s Blush, Jersey Sweet, R. I. 
Greening, Spice Sweet, Brabant Bellflower. 
“Varieties that are rather tender tho first 
year or two, but afterwards pretty safe on, 
tho root: Early Harvest, Golden Sweet. 
Fall Pippin, Vandervcre, Ponuno Grisse, 
Drap d’Or, Winter Pearmain, Carthouse, (or 
Red Romanite) Northern Spy. 
Hardy sorts.—Red Astrachan, Sops of 
Wine, Duchess of Oldenburgh, Early Red. 
Harvest Red Streak, Carolina Juno, Fall 
Orange, IIoss Apple, Monstrous Pippin, Sc. 
Lawrence, Autumn Strawberry, Pound 
Sweet, Fall Wine, Yollow Bellflower, Flush¬ 
ing Spitzenburgh, Domino, Progor Rod, 
Rawlor Jannet, English Golden Russet, 
Blue Pearmain, Perry Russet, Seok-no-fur- 
ther, (Westfield,) Talman Sweet, Wine Sop.” 
HOW I SAVED MY CURRANTS. 
On returning homo after an absence of a 
couple of years, some four years since, I 
found my currant bushes, which were in 
rows on the outside of my garden, over¬ 
grown with witch grass, and was informed 
by my better-half that she could not wel¬ 
come my return with a glass of currant juice, 
as her bushes had yielded but a very few 
currants tho season past. I could not think 
of losing them, as I was too fond of their 
fruit, and, besides, they had cost mo much 
labor. Digging them up and rooting out 
all tho grass was too great a task, therefore 
I thought I would try and smother it out. I 
covered the earth around them to tho depth 
of two or three inches with tan bark, put¬ 
ting some half a dozen shovelfuls into the 
centre of each bush. It operated to a 
charm,— the grass was exterminated, and 
the next season I spaded in the tan bark, 
and since then my bushes have yielded 
bountifully. I am satisfied that vegetable 
drossing is equally as good, if not better, for 
treos and shrubbery than barn-yard manure, 
which I save for field drossing.— Maine 
Fa rmer. 
CHESTNUT TREES. 
On poor land or a rocky soil, the chestnut 
is one of tho most profitable forest trees that 
can bo cultivated. Its growth is very rapid, 
the timber is always in good demand, and 
the fruit is of considerable value. Some 
cultivate this troe for its fruit alone. We 
have often wondered that it is not moro re¬ 
garded as an ornamental troe. None grow 
larger, and few moro symmetrically; its 
blossoms aro handsome and unique, and so 
aro its golden burrs and rich nuts. Parks 
and pleasure grounds should always be sup¬ 
plied with chestnut trees ; also with the black 
walnut, and best varieties of the hickory 
nut. Strange that these splendid fruit 
treos should be almost ostracised from or¬ 
namental grounds; it is mere caprice that 
has done this in tho United Statos; in other 
countries they aro highly prized and care¬ 
fully cultivated.— American Agriculturist. 
Cheap Fruit. —We hear continual predic¬ 
tions of a glutted market of fruit— when, we 
ask emphatically, will it come ? At the 
present rate, with the millions of trees set 
out annually, it seems on the contrary, to 
be constantly receding from us, the supply 
increasing actually loss than the still more 
rapidly increasing and onormous demand 
in every direction. 
AMERICAN COMPETITION WITH ENGLAND- 
A writer to whose compilations tho 
Times gives space and a conspicuous posi¬ 
tion, has taken more than one opportunity 
of enlarging upon a competition with which 
our merchants are threatened in India and 
Asia on the part of American traders. The 
ships of tho Unitod States appear on the 
Mekran coast, as well as at Kutch, Muscat 
and other places, with various articles which 
they barter for the produce of those coun¬ 
tries ; the American commodities being prin¬ 
cipally a certain coarse cotton fabric which 
they call sheeting and dollars. The Ameri¬ 
cans appear to enjoy a particular advantage 
over our traders—that of conducting their 
barter individually, in ships, which are in¬ 
dependent, pushing shops, instead of work¬ 
ing by routine through large establishments 
at Bombay, and thus thoy not only save ex¬ 
pense, but in each particular transaction, 
secure tho largest amount of profit. 
Another advantage they have is expressed 
by the political agent at Kutch, who says of 
the shoeting, that it finds acceptance among 
the people of the country, because it lasts 
longer than cloths imported from Bombay. 
This indicates tho true force of the com¬ 
petition which wo havo to dread from the 
United States. If America can cut us out in 
India, where wo occupy the entire country 
with our Goverment and commerce, the 
ridicule and tho disgrace would bo greater 
than any which the most anti-commercial 
country has incurred. 
But there is something in this superiority 
of tissue over the manufactures in England. 
The comparison is not made for the first 
time, nor only in cotton sheeting. It is re¬ 
ported from tho Hudson River Railway, 
that British iron rails becomo in a worso 
condition within twelve months than Amer¬ 
ican rails within a number of years. There 
may be exaggeration in this; but wo have 
heard complaints of our rails from our own 
official and scientific investigators, who have 
declared tho bad make of our iron to be a 
frequent source of accident. At tho last 
meeting of tho Sheffield Cutlers, the master 
cutler declared that American Cutlers were 
cutting them out in knives; knives of Amer¬ 
ican make being preferred to ours, because 
the material does not give way under use as 
those of Sheffield are somotimes found to 
do. In short, notwithstanding the short 
practico and hasty habits of America, thev 
are in some branches of trade earning the 
repute for sterling stuff and make, which 
used to bo our own; and if we suffer thorn 
to win that reputation from us altogether, 
then indeed wo shall havo lost moro than if 
India were annexed to-morrow. — London 
Examiner. 
AMERICAN CUTLERY 
EFFECT OF STEAM ON TIMBER. 
Mr. Yioliter has lately presented fo tho 
Academy of Science, in Paris, a communi¬ 
cation on the dessication of different kinds 
of wood by steam. He stated that steam 
raised to 482° was capable of taking up a 
considerable quantity of water, and acting 
upon this knowledge, he submitted different 
kinds of oak, elm, pine and walnut, about 
eight inches long, and half an inch square, 
to a current of steam at sevon and one- 
half pounds to the square inch, but which 
was afterwards raised to 4S2°. Tho wood 
was thus exposed for two hours. It was 
weighed before it was exposed to the steam, 
and afterwards put into close stopped bot¬ 
tles until cool, when the samples of wood 
were again weighed, and showed a consider¬ 
able loss of weight, the loss of which in¬ 
creased with the increase of temporaturo of 
the steam. For elm and oak, the decrease 
in weight was one-half, ash and walnut two- 
fifths, and pine one-third. The woods un¬ 
derwent a change of color as the heat was 
rising from 392° to 482° ; the walnut became 
very dark, showing a kind of tar, formed in 
the wood by the process, which was found 
to have a preserving effect on the wood. 
It was found that wood thus treated be¬ 
came stronger—having an increase in the 
power of resisting fracture. The maximum 
heat for producing the best resisting frac¬ 
ture power for elm, was between 302° and 
347°, and betweon 257° and 302° for the 
oak, walnut, and pine. Tho oak was in¬ 
creased in strength five-ninths, walnut one- 
half, two-fifths for pine, and more than one- 
fifth for elm. These are but preliminary 
experiments, which may lead to very impor¬ 
tant results, and are therefore interesting 
to architects especially. By this process, 
the fibres of the wood are drawn closer to¬ 
gether—and maple and pine, treated in the 
steam to a temperature of 482°, were ren¬ 
dered far more valuable for musical instru¬ 
ments, than by any other process hereto¬ 
fore known.— Scientific Annual, 1853. 
Reaping Machine. —Benjamin Smith, of 
Batavia, Ill., has invented certain improve¬ 
ments in reaping machines, on which he has 
applied for a patent. The invention con¬ 
sists in a now mode of elevating or depress¬ 
ing the sickle-bar, by means of which it is 
enabled to pass over any obstructions, and 
also in the employment of a pressure roller 
to prevent the grain or grass of an adjoin¬ 
ing swath from being drawn into tho fingers 
by the sickles. The sickle-bar is also pecu¬ 
liarly constructed, and a friction roller is 
attached to tho connecting rod for the pur¬ 
pose of diminishing friction and ensuring a 
steady movement of the knives.— Sci. Am. 
Good Cement. —Take somo common lime 
and mix it with a quantity of tar—just 
enough to make a tough dough. Uso it 
quick, because it becomes hard in a few mo¬ 
ments, and will never soak or crumble.— 
This is is a first-rate comont for tho purpose 
of making swino troughs, feed boxes, eave- 
troughs and many other things. 
At a recont dinner of tho cutlers of Shef¬ 
field, England, at which somo of the most 
distinguished men of Great Britain wero 
prosont, the Master Cutler, who is also the 
Lord Mayor of the city, made the striking 
admission that as a general thing American 
manufacturers of cutlery moro uniformly 
use good materials than those of Sheffield. 
“ The manufacturers of edge-tools in Amer¬ 
ica,” said he “invariably used tho best steel 
that Sheffield produced, regardless of price, 
while somo of tho Sheffield manufactures 
were arriving at a greater profit by making 
a cheaper article from inferior material.— 
It was not in workmanship, but in the uso 
of tho best material, that the Americans 
gained any superiority.” Ho then admits 
further that the defoct in the material is of¬ 
ten supplied by an extra finish, and implies 
that such goods aro principally made for 
exportation.— Springfield Republiban. 
A Substitute for Stereotyping. —A sys¬ 
tem of eloctrotyping moulds taken of type 
in wax, is said to have a decided advantage 
ovor ordinary stereotyping. This process 
is as follows :—A mould of tho type in wax 
is put into a solution of copper, and a pow¬ 
erful galvanic battery applied to it, which 
causes the copper to bo deposited with such 
accuracy upon tho mould, as to make a per¬ 
fect copper face, which will last much long¬ 
er than tho ordinary metal face, without 
costing any moro. Tho process occupies 
about twelve hours. 
Electricity as a Motive Power. —At 
the Mechanics’ Fair in Boston, was exhibit¬ 
ed an engine moved by an electrical battery 
which is driven at a speed of two hundred 
and fifty revolutions per minute. This 
power has proved more costly in former ex¬ 
periments than steam, but it is thought that 
such discoveries have of late been made, 
that shortly it will bo the cheapest motive 
power in the world, and stationary machin¬ 
ery, railroad cars, and every thing olso will 
be run by lightning. 
Improved Stove-pipe Elbow.— Israel 
Higgins, of Salem, N. J., has invented a new 
olbow for stove-pipes. It is made of cast- 
iron and is cast in two parts, upon which are 
small flanges that aro united firmly to¬ 
gether by means of small bolts. The ob¬ 
ject is to make an elbow both cheaper and 
more durable than the common one. We 
commend it to tho notico of iron founders. 
Tho inventor has applied for a patent.— 
Sci. American. 
§ decs tic €t0immg. 
VALUABLE RECIPES. 
To Make a Candle burn all Night.— 
The following is represented to be a certain 
plan :—“ When in case of sickness a dull 
light is wished, or when matches are mislaid, 
put finely powdered salt on the candle till it 
reaches the black part of the wick. In this 
way a mild and steady light may be kept 
throughout the night, by a small piece of a 
candle.” 
If you wish to preserve fine teeth, always 
clean them thoroughly after you havo eaten 
your last meal at night. We have preserv¬ 
ed half decayed teeth many years, by wash¬ 
ing them after evory meal and rubbing 
them once a day with fresh charcoal from 
the fire. 
To Prevent Metals from Rusting.— 
Threo parts of lard, and one of rosin in 
powdor, melted together, and a thin coating 
applied with a brush, to grates, stoves, 
brass, copper or steel ware, will prevent 
their rusting when not in uso. For stoves, 
&c., black-lead may be added. 
The samo compound is used as a water¬ 
proof blacking for boots and shoes, and is 
said to be excellent. 
To Remove Rust. —If wire fence, or any 
rusty wire or iron, is rubbed in boiled lin¬ 
seed oil, in which somo red lead has been 
mixed, on a warm day, the progress of the 
rust will be arrosted. 
To Remove Marks from Tables. —Hot 
dishes sometimes leave whitish marks on 
varnished tables, when set, as they should 
not be, carelessly upon them. To remove 
it, pour some lamp-oil on the spot, and rub 
it hard with a soft cloth. Then pour on a 
little spirits, and rub it dry with another 
cloth, and the white mark will disappear, 
leaving the table as bright as before. 
To Clean Paint. —Mix common whiting 
with warm water to the consistency of com¬ 
mon paste. Rub the surface to be cleaned 
quite briskly, with this mixture on a piece 
of flannel, and wash off with pure cold wa¬ 
ter. Grease spots and dirt may be removed 
in this way without injury to tho beauty of 
the paint. 
Water Proof Glue. —Soak glue until 
perfectly soft, but not liquid, in cold water; 
then dissolve it by gentle heat, in linseed 
oil. It dries vory soon, and is not affected 
bv water.— b. 
A Plain Cake.— We have just eaten a 
piece of most excellent cake mado as fol¬ 
lows :—Two eggs, one teacupful of sugar, 
one teacupful of flour, half a teacupful of 
cream, ono tablespoonful of saleratus and 
ono tablespoonful of rose water. Bake in 
a slow oven. 
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