MOOREFS RURAL NEW-YORKER: effect that you will get so much in love with 
a quarto weekly scientific book farming, that you will send 
grlcsiltaralj Literaryand Family Newspaper. yQUr gons to an Agricultural College, which 
CONDUCTED BY U. D. T. KOOKS, wo hope soon to see flourishing in every 
with an ab le corps of ASSISTA NT editoks. State, and whei’o ho can loarn farming on 
The Rural New-Yobkkr is designed to bo unique and Scientific principles. 
autiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in \ alue, Purity Wo would just add that though WC dwell 
d Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor , ,, , 
make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub- SO much on toe importance ot niti Ogen in 
A QUARTO WEEKLY 
Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 
CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. KOOKS, 
WITH AN ABLE CORPS OF ASSISTANT EDITORS. 
beautiful in appearance, and unsurpassed in Value, Purity 
and Variety of Contents. Its conductors earnestly labor 
to make it a Reliable Guide on the important Practical Sub- 
c ts connected with the business of those whose interests the manure, wo do not underrate the valuo 
it advocates. It embraces more Agricultural, Horticul* of the inorganic elements. We Speak moro 
tural. Scientific, Mechanical, Literary and News Matter— ,, , , .. x , 1 . 1 ., 
. _ ’ ’ . . , * directly about nitrogen because we think it 
interspersed \vsth runny appropriate ami handsome engrar- , J ” 
ings—than any other paper published in this Country. glC&tGSt impOl fctincc, und bcctlUSO WO 
know there is no way of increasing its 
f or Terms, &c., see last page. . 
- amount on a farm without at tho same time 
L+ » y aia, y increasing the amount of inorganic elements, 
■ 'i 1 ^ \ f fill} tT and a ' s0 ^at thoro is no way of judiciously 
H&.vv-v U-v ^ v ' * preserving and fermenting the nitrogon 
--- - without at tho same timo preserving the 
Progress and Impr ove ment, inorganic elements, and rendering them in a 
VA T>n. mtAxr’ better state for assimilation by the plant. 
Oilier. 
Progress and Improvement, 
BAEN - YARD MANURE.—No. V. 
___ ’ ““ ' Especially is this true of the phosphates and 
To carry out successfully, tho plan of silicates. Nitrogen and phosphoric acid 
preparing manure, which wo have briefly generally in tho same ratio, while the 
attempted to sketch, it will be necessary to solubility of the latter is greatly increased 
have the farm buildings arranged with this by fermentation. 
object in view. As a general thing, at pres- REQUISITES EOK A GOOD 3TAKM. 
ent, the barn and cow bouse, the stables, tho - 
piggeries, and tho sheep-yard, all occupy A G00D FARJI bas a good soil either na- 
separato places, often quite a distance from turally, or made so by cultivation and ma- 
each other. This ought not so to be.— nui 'ng adapted to the production of tho 
They should all open into, and encircle a different crops grown in the country around 
common yard, having a southern aspect, and i 3 *k ^ 3S we ^ tilled every crop being sown 
containing a good range of open sheds for on P r 0 P ei 'ly prepared ground, and its after¬ 
young cattle, &c. The importance of this cu ^ uro thoroughly attended to. The pro- 
cannot bo over-estimated. As we now daction ot weeds is made no part of its ob- 
writo, our kindling enthusiasm for agricul- j°ct toe fields, fences, and road-sides, are 
tural improvement is nipped in tho bud kept as cloar as possible of " the enemy, 
when wo think of tho miserably arranged It is well watered, either naturally or arti- 
homestoads common throughout the length hcially, by stieams, wolls, or cisterns, con- 
and breadth of tho land. Wo cannot call vcnicnt t0 the dwelling-house, barns, and 
to mind half a scoro of farm buildings either j od ‘ er * a ‘ m buildings. It has a wood-lot for 
in tho States or Canadas, that come up to i tho su PP*y of fueI ’ fencin S’ &c - 
our ideas of what a homestead should bo.- | A S ood farm is wel1 ^need-divided into 
Wo have innumerable handsome barns with 
domes, Venetian shutters and glass windows, 
which an Englishman would mistake for a 
dissenting chapel or a country school house. 
Wo have barns costing 810 , 000 , and others 
with a superfluity of jim-cracks, hut wo have 
very few really good, well arranged, sub¬ 
stantial farm buildings. We do not desiro 
to see expensive buildings, but such as arc 
simplo, plain and substantially arranged for 
convenience, utility and profit. You can¬ 
not make tho most profit on your farms, in- 
suitablo and convenient lots, by substantial 
enclosures, cither of stone, rails, boards, or 
other permanent material, conformable to 
its size, value, and situation. 
It is provided with barns and stables, well 
built, and conveniently placed and arrang¬ 
ed, and of sufficient size to contain the pro¬ 
duce of tho farm and house comfortably 
tho stock usually kopt upon it. Collars for 
storing roots, and for the manufacture of 
manure are placed under the barn and sta¬ 
bles, and convenient yards are attached, so 
, j j j arranged as to prevent wastage ot fodder, 
asmuch as you cannot make good manure, , . , , n . ® ... ’ 
, J . which may bo fed therein, so ot liquid ma- 
the sheet anchor of all good husbandry, 
without them. 
Another requisite for carrying out our 
nure. These yards aro well sheltered from 
the winds and convenient to water; tho 
whole forming a comfortable winter resi- 
nothing, certainly, hut is not worthy a place 
nothing suffers under his jurisdiction. 
A good farm has a good dwelling-house; 
i„ any respectable bayard “ judiciously arranged for tho comfort and’ 
good one, with a largo .flat bottom, a high . o « ,, 
© ? ? o penvAmrmpn nr tnn wnmnr* 
front-piece and deep side boards which can 
bo taken off' at pleasure. Such a barrow 
is a treasure above all price. Then when 
you clean out your stables, do not throw the 
litter close to tho entrance, where it will 
convenience of the “women folks;” neatly 
built and kept in the best repair;-with a 
good cellar, a well and cistern, a wood-house, 
ash-house, smoke-house and iee-houso, near 
at hand; and these and all other buildings 
well painted, and secured from decay. It 
lie m a loose heap, and spoil by rapid fer- r , , , 
r ’ 1 f has a neatly fenced door yard, a grassy lawn 
mentation, but get your new wheel-harrow ... „ * , , . ° , „ 
, , , , with fine ornamental trees, plants and flow- 
and take the litter to a distant part ol the , , ~ , , 
, . . .... ers, tastefully arranged,—the whole appear- 
yard where it will be mixed with tho litter « , , . . .. . 
J „ , . . , ,,, anco ot the house and grounds indicating 
of the pig pens, cowhouse and sheep fold. ,, , . « . , , , . 
51 5 F , tho abode of taste, neatness and comfort. 
I he advantages ot such a mixture we have . , .. 
. . . A good farm has various out-buildings to 
a l ^ U . • facilitate tho different onerations in its man- 
T his is scientific farming. Is there any- , . , \ .... 
J agoment, among which, m addition to those 
mg very for bidding in it. J Is there anything . . . 
. , . . , . , , enumerated m connection with tho dwell- 
thing very forbidding in it? Is there anything 
but what is simplo, economical and easily 
accomplished ? Would it cost much moro 
to manage a barn-yard in this way than it 
costs at prosont ? Wo beliovo not. Wo 
khow, on tho other hand, that tho labor, on 
tho wholo, is much loss. There is, per¬ 
haps, a little more labor required to pre- 
paro tho manure in the yard, but by judi¬ 
cious and long continued fermentation, tho 
manure can be carted out to the field easier, 
and plowod under much easier and better. 
It can bo allowod to remain in the yard till 
tho leisure season of tho year, and bo 
spread on tho land and exposed all wintor 
without much loss; and, finally, tho manure 
itself will bo so much superior in immediate 
ing, may be named, a wagon and tool-houso, 
a work-shop, a granary and corn-houso, a 
convenient piggery, a poultry-house, &c., 
&c., all conveniently arranged and situated, 
and neatly and durably constructed and 
painted. 
It has also a kitchen garden, where are 
raised in their perfection, all tho culinary 
fruits and vegetables usually grown in the 
best gardens. Also, a fruit garden and 
orchard, containing tho best varieties of ap¬ 
ples, cherries, plums, peaches, pears, &c.; 
and also, grapes, currants, raspberries, 
gooseberries, &c., &c., in short, all tho de¬ 
sirable fruits which may bo grown in tho 
open air.— b. 
DRAWING WATER BY A SYPHON. 
Eds. Rural :—Having noticed about ev¬ 
ery other method for drawing water except 
with a syphon, I will with vour permission 
relate a little experience and ask some 
questions on the subject. 
When I settled on my farm ten years ago, 
it was nearly destitute of that ir.dispensa- 
b!o element, living, water above ground.— 
After toiling along for six years, fetching 
tho water for family use 40 rods, I made an 
effort to obtain water on a side-hill about 
1G rods from my barn. On the third trial 
I struck a vein of water 12 feet .from tho 
surface, affording, as nearly as I could cal¬ 
culate, some 15 or 18 this, of water in 24 
hours. Now, how to get it to the surfaco 
was the question. To dig a ditch that dis¬ 
tance on a level with the vein in tho well 
was a great task, thero being but about 5 
feet fall to tho barn. Recollecting an in¬ 
cident of my boyhood, of going to tho gar¬ 
den and getting a crooked- onior. stalk and 
putting ono end in a pail of water, applying 
my mouth to tho other and drawing tho 
water through it, keeping ono end tho low¬ 
est it would run until it drew tho water all 
out of tho pail, and hearing others express 
an opinion that it would work, I purchased 
a lead pipe, half inch calibre, burying it 
about 18 inches under ground, leaving 9 feet 
running down in tho well. I then applied 
an air pump to tho lower end and drew up 
tho water. It worked as well as tiio onion 
stalk. But I found tho syphon was draw- 
ins: tho water much faster than it came into 
the well; consequently I had to stop it up, 
and let it run no faster than the spring 
would supply. But here I found a difficul¬ 
ty. It would stop running occ;: ionly, in 
warm and dry weather In the ■ tu-.i:.: as 
often as once in 3 days. On opening it, 
and applying the air pump to start it 
if necessary and lotting it run tho full 
stream until it had drawn off what water 
there was to tho extreme height, air or gas 
would escape, as could be seen by the gurg¬ 
ling motion of tho water, after which it 
would run as free as ever. IIow does this^ 
air come in the pipe ? I can account for it 
upon no other principle than this : you place 
a tin pail of water in tho sun or over tho 
fire, and as it becomes heated little hubbies 
of air will accumulate on tho insido of the 
pail; theso running together finally rise to 
tho top. Are my conjectures right ? Please 
give tho analysis of water. Where the foun¬ 
tain is sufficiently large to admit of the 
water running the full stream, this difficul¬ 
ty would bo obviated. Tho next year I pur¬ 
chased cloven rods more pipe and carried it 
across tho road to an adjoining field, making 
in all 25 rods. It has been in operation four 
years, and works as well as it did at first. 
Now, if it is the prossuro of the atmos¬ 
phere that causes tho water to run up, how 
many pounds does it press to tho foot ? and 
in how many feet would you obtain an 
equilibrium, or how many feet would the 
atmosphere forco tho water up ? 
Victor, N. Y. HIRAM WILCOX 
Remarks.— The action of a syphon is similar to 
that of a common suction pump, the ouly differ¬ 
ence being in the mode of producing a vacuum.— 
With a suction pump we do this by repeatedly 
lifting off the atmospheric pressure, equal to J a 
lbs. to the square inch. Into this vacuum, forced 
by the atmospheric pressure in the well, water 
will rise to tho height of 32 feet, at which height 
a column of water is equal to 15 lbs. on the 
square inch. Whiskey, alcohol or any light fluid 
will rise much higher, while quick-silver will only 
rise 28 inches. The syphon is a plan for pro¬ 
ducing a vacuum by the force of the descending 
water in the long limb of the tube; into this vacu¬ 
um, formed at the highest point of the bent tube 
the water immediately rushes and descends bv 
specific gravity in a continuous stream. By allow¬ 
ing water to stagnate in the tube, as was the case 
in Mr. Wilcox’s first trial, the air, which water al¬ 
ways contains, and the steam, generated in warm 
weather, filled up this vacuum and so rendered 
the syphon inoperative. The result may be sus¬ 
ceptible of some other explanation ; this one, how¬ 
ever, suggests itself at once as most probable. 
We should think there would be no practical 
difficulty in getting a syphon to work to the 
height of 28 feet. Theoretically it will work 32 ft- 
T*[ 
iti 1 
... V ' 
M ! i 
v t.! m i e 
Mr 
. ■ - 
SI 1 
- 
PLAN OF A MODEL EARN. 
The accompanying elevation and ground 
plan of a model New England Barn, with 
manure cellar beneath, having an entrance 
on tho south sido, will prove valuable to 
many of our readers. The hay barn, carriage 
room, granary, &c., occupy 3G by GO feet. 
Tho cow stable is 33 feet square. The de¬ 
sign is furnished by Mr. Hammond for tho 
JS'eiv England Farmer, from which wo 
quote tho following explanation of tho 
ground plan: 
“ The drive way for the hay bam is on the south 
side, throughout the length of the barn, having a 
bay for hay 21 feet deep ; height of posts, 19 feet. 
The scaffolding over the barn floor in the two first 
sections 10 be fourteen feet, in the chav—the third 
and fourth sections to be eleven and a half feet, in 
the clear; the remainder fourteen feet. 
“ C, carriage-room. B, bay for hay. D, drive¬ 
way. G, grain and meal bins. P, passage way 
between cow stables. S, stalls for cows. II, horse 
stable. T, trench behind cows. P, stairway.— 
This plan is to have thiee windows of ten by 
fourteen glass, twelve lights to each, on the front 
-or west end; also two of the same size in the op¬ 
posite gable end. Two windows in each side of 
the stable, of six lights each, ten by fourteen, with 
a blind to slide with each sash. All outside doors 
put on rollers ; two sky lights in the roof of sta¬ 
ble to serve as ventilators. 
“ One grand object to be obtained is to sepa¬ 
rate the cattle stable from the hay barn by sliding 
doors above and below, to prevent the hay being 
damaged by the vapor and ammonia which are 
constantly arising from the cellar. A small bar- 
row of simple construction ou a truck to convey 
the hay to the feediug passage, will save much 
time in feeding. 
“ Many large and valuable barns have been very 
much damaged by being placed over a manure 
cellar, without proper ventilation.” 
Thero iinjg in our opinion, many objec¬ 
tions to a manure cellar under a barn, and 
but few advantages which could tfot bo 
obtained quite as economically by other 
means. The barn itself is a good ono,—“a 
model one,”—yet it strikes us we have seen 
many better in Western New York. Will 
not some of our readers who own such, give 
us plans and descriptions for publication ? 
r r s t t 
*!• I , »• 
GROUND PLAN. 
LIME A3 A MANURE 
ROS WHEAT. 
I wish to make an inquiry through the 
Rural, as to the best mode and time of ap¬ 
plying lime to wheat land, and at the same 
time will give you the result of an applica¬ 
tion made by myself last year. Some time 
in August I plowed five acres of land, the 
soil mostly of a light clayey loam—it was 
said that thero never had been raised on it 
more than Tor 8 bushels of wheat per acre, 
although it had been frequently sown pre¬ 
vious to my taking possession of the farm. 
The last crop that had been on it was sown 
5 years ago, and I holped to harvest and 
know there was only Ti bushels per acre. 
Since that tiipe it had been in grass. Af¬ 
ter plowing nine or ten inches deep, I put 
on twenty bushels of stone lime per acre, 
letting it lio in heaps of half a bushel each, 
until it was well slaked, then spread with a 
i shovel, harrowed the ground thoroughly, 
| afterwards plowed with a gang plow, sowed 
j wheat Sept. 18, and gang plowed it in.— 
; The wheat got but a poor start in the fall, 
j and in tho spring it looked as if there would 
not be five bushels per acre; but when the 
warm weather came on it revived, and al¬ 
though it looked rather thin on the ground, 
it yielded twenty-two bushels of very plump 
wheat, while ten acres by tho side of it that 
had been well fallowed, without tho lime, 
yielded but 18 bushels, although it looked 
well in spring, and at harvest timo it stood 
thicker on tho ground, and looked as tho’ 
it would yield far better than tho other.— 
Tho lime cost me 10 cents per bushel at the 
kiln, ono and a quarter miles to draw it.— 
I am satisfied, from my experience so far, 
that lime is a good fertilizer. 
J. W. Peirce. 
Alabama, N. Y., November, 1865. 
