BEURRE DS ANJOU PEAR. 
A correspondent of tho Germantown Tele¬ 
graph, says he has planted two orchards, 
Ono in ’35 tho other in ’39. Tho ground 
for the former was thoroughly pulverized 
to the distance of eighteen inches around 
each tree, previous to planting, and every 
spring tho soil was loosenod up around 
them and at throe different times during 
tho past twolvo years tho troes were ma¬ 
nured with hog-perfmanuro. In tho second 
orchard, instead of having tho ground pul¬ 
verized, a holo was dug, and the trees set 
without having any of tho clods broken.— 
^ The fall following, tho ground was sown 
) with grass seod, and loft in grass for six 
( years. Tho mice harbored around the 
) trees and did much damage. Now, four- 
^ teen years since tho timo of planting, tho 
jj trees are not more than half as large as tho 
) former, and have never borne any fruit 
i worth mentioning, while tho others grew 
very fast and boro much fruit. 
£ APPLES AND PEARS IN THE WEST. 
) A writer in tho Prairie Farmer gives 
> his experience with several choice varieties 
> of apples and pears in Indiana, as follows : 
) Northern Spy. —I received grafts of this 
> variety six years ago, and for three years 
| past have been looking for fruit from them, 
but they have not borne until this year; 
from this I infer that it is tardy in coming 
into bearing. It is all that could bo desired, 
however, when it does bear: fruit large very 
handsome, and of tho best quality. 1 doubt 
not it will become very popular at tho west. 
Wagner. —This has also fruited for tho 
first time, this year, on throe year old grafts. 
Fruit above medium size, very handsome, 
and excellent. I think this will prove 
worthy of extensive cultivation. 
Dominie. —This will prove, I think, one 
of our most profitable fruits. I have had 
it in fruit for tho last three years, and ad¬ 
mire it more each successive year. It is 
the greatest bearer in my orchard. Tho 
branches are literally loaded from ono ex¬ 
tremity to tho other, and yet tho fruit is 
uniformly fair, and above medium, nearly 
large in size; in quality too, although it may 
not rank as host, it certainly is entitled to 
the position of very good. 
Porter. —This, I believe, will be exten¬ 
sively cultivated as an early autumn fruit. 
It is a much better fruit than the Maiden’s 
Blush, which ripens at the same time. The 
fruit is equally handsome in appearance, 
and the tree a good bearer. 
Dutch Mignone. —This is a rapid and 
strong grower; bears young, and is a hand- 
some and good fruit; will take rank when 
generally known, with our best early win¬ 
ter apples. 
Gravenstein. —This apple ripens at tho 
same time with tho Fall Pippin, and from 
tho few spocimons I have yet seen, I think 
it fully equal to it in quality. If it should 
prove to bo a good boaror, as it promises 
to do, it will bo a formidable rival to the 
pippin. 
Swaar. —This has been in bearing with 
me for several years, and fully maintains 
its high reputation as one of the best of its 
season—from December to March. 
Of those varieties hotter known — tho 
Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, Esopus, 
Spitzenberg, Jonathan, Roxbury Russet, 
Newton Pippin, Sec., I shall say nothing at 
present, except that they maintain their 
high reputation fully, and are worthy of a 
place in overy orchard. 
Of Pears— I fruited the last season tho 
Bartlett, Summer “Franc Real, Andrews. 
ButFum, Stevens’ Genesee, White Doyenne, 
Seckel, Winter Nelis, Louise Bonne d’Jer- 
sey, and several other varieties. The four 
following, in my opinion, aro all that are 
really desirablo for oxtonsivo cultivation. 
Bartlett. —This bears early and well; 
fruit largo and fair; is improved both in 
size and quality bygrowingupon tho quince. 
When this becomes generally cultivated, it 
will drive that wretched apology for a pear, 
tho Summer Bell, out of tho market. 
Bvjpum .—This is a romarkably rapid 
and upright grower, and, though it doos 
not coino into bearing as early as some 
other varieties, yet it bears very abundant¬ 
ly and rogularly. Tho fruit is at least very 
good in quality. In tho estimation of many 
it is equal to tho White Doyonno. 
Seckel. —This proves to bo a very good 
bearer, and tho fruit considerably larger 
than I expected from tho description in tho 
books. It deserves its reputation as tho 
standard of excellence of flavor. 
White Doyenne. —This old favorite stands 
amongst us without a stain upon its char¬ 
acter—no cracking of fruit or other symp¬ 
toms of doclino or decay. I think wo might 
safely challenge tho world to show larger 
and hotter spocimons of this fruit than were 
exhibited at our county Fair. 
Trees received when the Ground is 
Frozen. —Wo occasionally hear of people 
being quito at a loss to know what to do 
with trees received in a cold timo, or when 
tho ground is frozen. Tho way is, oithor 
deposit the packages in a collar as they are 
receivod, or opon them and sot tho roots in 
earth until tho woathor changes: or a 
trench may bo made in tho open ground, 
ovon if tho surface must bo broken with a 
pickaxo, and the troos laid in until they can 
bo planted. They may remain in this stato 
quito safe all wintor. Every soason we re¬ 
ceive packages of trees from Europe in mid 
winter, and wo find no difficulty in taking 
caro of them in this way.— Horticulturist. 
Tiie above beautiful portrait was takon 
from a pear furnished to tho oditor of tho 
New England Farmer, by the lion. Mar¬ 
shall P. Wilder, from his garden in Dor¬ 
chester, and is a faithful representation of 
tho fruit, leaves, and a portion of tho 
branch upon which it hung. 
Synonym —Neplus Mourisof tho Gorman 
and French Catalougue. Size —Large.— 
Form. —Obovato, obtuse, pyriform, outlino 
and surface often slightly irregular. Stem 
—Short, thick, insertod without much de¬ 
pression. Calyx —Moderately sunk in small 
uneven basin. Skin —Greenish yellow, 
coarsly dotted, russoted at tho stem and 
eye, and with a brownish red cheok on tho 
sunny side. Flesh —Yellowish whito, very 
juicy, melting and buttery. Flavor —Rich 
sub-acid, with a delicious aroma resembling 
that of the Brown Beurro. Season —No¬ 
vember to January. Class —“Best.” Tree 
—Hardy and productive either on tho pear 
or quince stock. 
Tho Beurro do Anjou was introduced by 
Mr. Wilder, from Europe, about ten years 
ago. Mr. W. considers this variety ono of 
his most valuablo acquisitions, and worthy 
of genoral dissemination. 
ISSUED FROM THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 
[For the week ending November 29.J 
Samuel F. Allen, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in fluid lamps. 
J. Bloom, of East Woburn, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in condensing smoke and gases. 
M. C. Gritzner, of Washington, D. C.,for improved 
gold separator. 
Benj. F. Miller, of New York, N. Y., for improv¬ 
ed iron fence. 
John W. Peer, of Schenectady, N. Y., for im¬ 
proved trip-hammer. 
David N. Ropes, of Meriden, Conn., for improve- 
.ment in attaching haudles to the blades of table 
knives. 
Robert R. Taylor, of Reading, Pa., for improved 
arrangement of valves, ports and passages, for 
opera.ing steam hammers. 
Silas B. Terry, of Terry villc, Plymouth, Conn., 
for mode of applying the vibratory spring of 
balance clocks. 
R. C. Wrenn, of Mt. Gilead, 0., for improve¬ 
ment in seed planters. 
Ephraim B. Benedict, of Clinton, N. Y., for 
improvement in coupling shafts to axles. 
Erastus T. Russell, of Shelbyville, Ind., for im¬ 
provement in .combined India rubber and steel 
springs. 
Samuel Chapman, Jr., of New York, N. Y., for 
improvement in stone saws. 
Richard Edwards, of Eagle River, Mich., for 
improvement in machines for washing ores. 
Jno. Crabtree and Jos. Hopkinson, of Phila¬ 
delphia, Pa., for improvement in tightening pack¬ 
ing of engine and pump pistons. 
Israel Graves and Charles A. Bogart, of West 
Dresden, N. Y., for shingle machine. 
Clias. Phelps, of Salem, Mass., for improvement 
in supporting falling table leaves. 
J. B. & W. F. Poague, of Fancy Hill, Va., for 
improvement in forming hydraulic cement pipes. 
Fred’k. Seibert, of Williamsburgli, N. Y., for 
improvement in machines for polishing leather. 
Samuel J. and Charles II. Trofatter, of Salem, 
Mass., for improvement in machines for skiving 
boot counters. 
J. Heilman, administrator of Joshua Heilman, 
deceased, of France, for improvement in combing 
fibrous materials. Patented in France, Dec. 17, 
1845. 
Wm. Baird, of Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to 
John J. Hepworth, of same place, for improve¬ 
ment in power looms. 
Fred’k. Nickols*n, of Warsaw, N. Y., assignor 
to Nelson A. Hume, of Rushford, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in screw jacks for raising buildings. 
DESIGN. 
Simon F. Moore, of Batavia, N. Y., for design 
for cooking stoves. 
For the week ending December 6, 1853. 
Jno. Davis, of New Bedford, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in indicating electro-magnetic telegraphs. 
Simeon Goodfellow, of New Orleans, La., for 
improved arrangement of screw-cutting dies in 
the die-stock. 
Ebenezer W. Hanson, of Spring Garden, Pa., 
for improvement in pen-holders. 
David Matthew, of Philadelphia, Pa., for im¬ 
proved spark burner and water heater for loco¬ 
motives. 
Ira F. Payson, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in soap ingredients. 
Jas. Watt, of South Boston, Mass., for improved 
valve arrangement for steam hammers. 
Geo. Wellman, of Lowell, Mass., for improve¬ 
ment in cleaning machine cards. 
Jno. E. Whitmore, of Joliet, Ill., for improve¬ 
ment in overshot water wheels. 
Alfred Carson, of New York, N. Y., for im¬ 
proved mode of ringing fixed bells. Ante-dated 
June G, 1853. 
Lucian B. Flanders, of Dunkirk, N. Y., for im¬ 
provement in replacing cars upon railroad tracks. 
Jas. Glenn, of New York, N. Y., for improve¬ 
ment in illuminated clocks. 
Ira Warren, of Boston, Mass., for improvement 
in shower syringes. 
R. M. Evan a , of Gilford, N. H., assignor to 
himself and Asa Weeks, of South Boston, Mass., 
for improvement in cutters for planing mouldiugs. 
Carl E. Werner, of New Castle, Ill., for im¬ 
provement in condensers for stills. 
Coating Iron With Copper. —Tho motal 
is first cleaned in tho ordinary manner with 
dilute sulphuric acid, and with some of the 
acid on it loft exposed a few days, to let it 
corrode and rust, in order to form a rough 
surface; it is then brushed over with solu¬ 
tion of sal ammoniac and immorsed in a 
bath of zinc; then into a bath of copper, 
and hold there till it ceases hissing: then 
withdrawn and cooled to a cherry red, 
wlion it is found coated with copper. If we 
want a thicker coat, it is then dipped again 
in the sal ammoniac while at a cherry-red 
heat, and then in tho zinc, and in tho cop¬ 
per, as bofore, till tho thickness of copper is 
attained.— Patent Oj}ice Report. 
Protection for Carriage Springs.—W. 
N. Rood, of Lancaster, Wis., has invented a 
method of protecting from breaking, the 
elliptical springs of carriages. It consists 
in tho employment of a vertical rod, which 
passes down through tho bottom of tho 
wagon, sand-board, spring and axle, for the 
purpose of bracing the spring and prevent¬ 
ing it from bonding backward or forward, 
right or loft— tho said rod securing all the 
parts together while it keeps tho elliptical 
spring upright, and thus removes ono great 
causo of breaking. Tho inventor has ap¬ 
plied for i> patopt. 
We have often thought that corn plant¬ 
ing, in company with a hearty, active, emu¬ 
lous sot of young fellows, curbed in a little 
by steady, careful old fogies, was the pleas¬ 
antest work of tho whole year. It must bo 
admitted, however, that Mr. Backache 
often spoils the fun. But happily, bis days 
are numbered. lie is, for tho future, to bo 
banished from the lot, and glee bo tho order 
of tho planting day. The instrument to 
keep him away, is hero portrayed. It is a 
hoe and seod dropper combined, and ope¬ 
rates in this wise:—A is the side, and B is 
the bottom of tho box in which is placed 
tho corn; C C C C are valves worked by 
tho trigger, E, on tho end of tho handle ; 
F is placed in the box upon the projections 
which are aeon curving around tho apertures 
a a a a, and is intended to prevent tho es¬ 
cape of moro than ono kernel at a timo, tho 
corn passing down through tho openings, 
G II; I is tho lid of tho box, and J the 
blade of tho hoe. Ail that is required to 
drop the corn is to pull upon tho trigger, 
E. Tho operation is simply striking tho 
'hoe into tho ground with tho fore-finger of 
tho right hand, which drops tho corn, 
which is then covorod by the back stroke of 
tho hoe, as it is lifted from making tho 
forward stroke. It will bo readily seon that 
dropping tho corn into the hill separate, 
each kernel three or four inches from tho 
other, gives each stalk a chance for nour¬ 
ishment, which cannot bo obtained when they 
are dropped by hand, all in a heap. It is 
an ingenious invontion, and worthy a trial- 
For further information apply to J. A. 
Pease, & Co., 79 Nassau St., N. Y. 
CORN AND CCS MILL. 
E. M. Killgore, of Athons, Tennessee, 
has invented and applied for a patent upon 
an improvement in mills for grinding corn. 
The invention consists in having a cylinder 
provided vyith radial V-shaped teeth, said 
teeth forming circles or rings upon the cyl¬ 
inder, placed sido by sido, tho edges of tho 
teeth of every alternate ring being in a lino 
between the edges of tho tooth of its adjoin¬ 
ing rings. The teeth of tho cylinder run 
in Y-shaped grooves in a concave, tho 
grooves being corrugated or toothed in a di¬ 
rection tangential with a circle somewhat 
smaller in diameter than that of the cylin¬ 
der. Tho toeth of tho grooves in tho con- 
cavo are so placed that the edges of tho 
teeth in every alternate groove, aro in a 
lino between the edges of the teeth in tho 
adjoining grooves.— Scientific American. 
Lake Superior Iron. —Tho American 
Railroad Journal says:—We are in posses¬ 
sion of two remarkable specimens of this 
iron. One is a shaving turned from a cast 
iron shatt, and when removed was over ten 
feet long, but has since been brokon. The 
structure of the iron, howovor, rosembles 
that of the wrought iron, and many would 
judge it to bo a samplo from a Lowmoor or 
Bowling tire. Shavings turned from cast iron 
hardly ovor oxceed a few inchos in length. 
Tho other samplo is of Lako Superior 
pig. It presents large and beautiful crys¬ 
tals, and givos indication of great purity 
and toughness. 
Durability of Wood.— The piles under 
the London bridge have been driven five 
hundred yoars, and on examining thorn in 
1849, they were found to bo little decayed. 
Old Savoy Place in tho city of London,"was 
built six hundred and fifty years ago, and 
woodon piles, consisting of oak, elm, booch, 
and chestnut, were found upon recent ex¬ 
amination, to be perfectly sound. Of the 
durability of timber in a wet state, the piles 
of a bridge built by . the Emperor Trajan, 
ovor the Danube, afford a striking example! 
One of these piles was taken up and found 
to bo petrified to the depth of three-fourths 
ot an inch; but the rest of the wood was 
not different from its former state, though 
it has been driven 1000 years. 
Water-proof Cement.—T ho following is 
a patented water-proof cement—Ilali' a 
bushel of slakod lime, ono fifth of a bushel 
ot powdered rosin, with wator sufiiciont to 
make tho whole into a stiff' mortar or paste. 
India Rubber, it is said may be preserved 
in liquid state by allowing the juico to flow 
from tho troo into a vossol partly fillod with 
pure common salt. 
GARDEN HINTS FOR DECEMBER. 
It ofton happens that even hero at the 
north a considerable portion of this month 
is open, and allows out-door work to bo car¬ 
ried on. Last year we planted trees till 
within a few days of Christmas. Every 
fine day should bo improved, until the 
ground is frozen solid. All kitchon gardens 
should bo spaded up in tho fall, and ma¬ 
nured. If grubs are troublesomo, apply a 
dressing of soot and ashes. 
Fruit trees should bo mulched. Mulch¬ 
ing protocls tho roots from frost, and ron- 
ders the tree less sonsiblo to sudden and 
violont changes of temperature. If tho 
ground bo already rich, and manure dan¬ 
gerous, mulch with leaves. Spread them 
about tho tree six inchos deep, and throw 
a little earth ovor them, to keep them from 
boing blown away. Stake up carefully, or 
in some way secure, newly planted troos 
from being rocked about by tho winds ; an 
opening is soon made at the baso of the tree, 
in which water lodges, and when it freezes 
tho tree is frequently destroyed. 
Cover Strawberry beds with leaves ; some 
kinds aro tender, and aro nearly killed out 
by a sovero winter, if there bo little snow. 
All sorts, hardy or not, are tho hotter for 
being covered. Tho leaves can be raked 
off on tho oponing of spring. 
Raspberries should bo protected, and the 
best way is to fasten the canes to the ground 
by means of a hooked peg, and cover with 
leaves or some earth. When the canes aro 
much injured by winter, tho crop is poor. 
Protection is cheap and safe. 
Beds of bulbous roots, such as Hyacinths, 
Tulips, Japan Lilios, See., should bo covered 
with leaves. Carnations, and othor her¬ 
baceous plants, may bo nicely protected by 
a covering of moss from tho woods. 
Rare or tender evergreen trees may be ve¬ 
ry tastefully protected, by boughs of over- 
groons fastened around them by unconspic- 
uous ties. This is safer than straw sheath¬ 
ing, and much less unsightly in tho land¬ 
scape. 
The fruit room and root cellar will need 
frequent examination, to see that all decay¬ 
ing objects aro romoved promptly. Both 
theso places should bo kept uniformly cool 
as possiblo, not to freeze, and quito dry. 
Dahlia roots are often lost by being 
housed in a damp state, and left in a collar. 
They should bo well dried, evon if firo heat 
be necessary, and then put on sholves in a 
dry placo. They must also bo looked to 
occasionally, and mouldy, decaying parts re¬ 
moved, and, if need bo, moved to a dryer 
place.— Horticulturist. 
HEALTHFULNESS OF FRUIT. 
I am inclined to viow tho abundant sup¬ 
ply of fruit in hot climatos, and during the 
summor and autumn, and tho great long¬ 
ing of peoplo, especially of children, (in 
whom tho biliary functions are very active,) 
for fruit, to a wise provision of an overru¬ 
ling and over-watchful Providence, which 
generally plants tho remedy sido by sido 
ji.with tho disease, at a timo whon tho biliary 
system is in most danger of becoming disor¬ 
dered. I have generally observed that chil¬ 
dren who aro strictly, and I think injudi¬ 
ciously, debarred the use of fruit, have ten- 
der bowels, and I have noticed thoy aro al¬ 
most universally pallid ; whilo, on tho other 
hand, childron who aro allowed a moderate 
daily proportion of sound fruit aro usually 
florid, especially among tho poor. I there¬ 
fore imagino that the use of fruit facilitates 
tho introduction of iron, the coloring prin¬ 
ciple of tho blood into the circulating sys¬ 
tem. When living in tho country, with tho 
advantages of a largo garden and plenty of 
fruit, I always allowed my children a liberal 
proportion, and never had occasion to treat 
them either for diarrhoea or skin eruptions, 
though it is a very common opinion that cu¬ 
taneous diseases aro often brought on by 
tho too free uso of fruit. On first removing 
my family to town, tho usual supply being 
cut off, two or three of tho younger ones 
becamo affected with obstinate diarrhoea and 
dysentery, which resisted all tho ordinary 
modes of modical treatment. My opinion 
on tho subject afterwards induced mo to 
give them a good proportion of fruit overy 
day, such as grapes, oranges, ripe apples, 
Sec., when all the symptoms presently sub¬ 
sided, and they have never since been 
troubled either with bowel complaints or 
skin eruptions to any noticeable extent.— 
Tho editor of tho Lancet, in animadverting 
on tho health of London during the week 
ending August 20th, makes tho following 
remarks :—Tho deaths ascribed to diarrhoea 
are 126, of which 115 occurred among chil¬ 
dren. Tho tender ago of noarly all the suf¬ 
ferers, 97 of them not having completed 
their first year, is sufficient to dispel tho 
popular error that tho uso of fruit is tho 
exciting causo.— M. D., in London Times. 
& 
TO REPAIR FRACTURED EARTHENWARE. 
Messrs. Editors :—Some years ago while 
sojourning in ono of tho southern counties, 
my good wifo, who is something of an econ¬ 
omist, learned a method of repairing brokon 
china, and earthonware, which is hotter 
than all tho cemont that was ever hawked 
about tho county. After your dish is brok¬ 
en, and beforo it has been wet, tie tho pieces 
together in placo and boil them in skim 
milk for half an hour, when they should bo 
taken out carefully, and lot stand till per¬ 
fectly dry. Thoy will then bo found as 
strong at the crack as at any other part, wo 
have a potato dish sorved in this manner 
which has been in constant uso for two yoars 
and gives no signs of failing. A tea saucer 
boiled in this way was afterwards knockod 
from a shelf, but the fractures were all in 
now places; this was again boiled and is still 
in uso. This may bo new and useful to 
many of your readors who “ despise not the 
day of small things” and for their benefit I 
givo it. f. w. l. 
Greece, Nov., 1853. 
We have used tho above mothod with 
success. In many cases it is tho best means 
of repairing fractured carthenwaro wo know 
of. The only difficulty about it is in fasten¬ 
ing the broken piecos togother beforo plac¬ 
ing them in tho milk.— Eds. 
Suet keeps good all tho year round, if 
choppod and packed down in a stono jar, 
covored with molasses. Minco pio moat 
may bo equally well preserved if boiled, 
chopped, and similarly packed. 
( 
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