iraal is turned loose and supplied with plenty 
of litter, sufficient to absorb the more liquid 
parts, and the dung remains under the stock 
until desired for use in the sirring. It is trod¬ 
den down hard, and undergoes but very little 
change or loss from decomposition. Analysis as 
well as application to crops, shows such dung to 
possess a manurial value more than double that 
of unsheltered manure. 
To apply these principles to the case before 
us, we would have ample sheds around the barn, 
for the protection of all stock kept in the yard, 
(the whole or a part of the time,) and' to these 
we should convey the manure from the stables, 
and the refuse straw, Ac., to keep them com¬ 
fortably littered, and a desirable resort for the 
out-door stock. Some trials of this plan, have 
proved it a most economic and successful one, 
and horse dung, thus treated, was worth three 
times that thrown out upon the dung-heap, hav¬ 
ing lost nothing from fire-fanging, which usually 
burns to an almost worthless mass, much of this 
most valuable manure. We shall refer to this 
subject again in the course of our series upon 
“Barn-yard Manure.” 
{frcjnuii iinti Gartmi. 
FRUIT GROWERS’ SOCIETY 
OF WESTERN NEW YORK —ANNUAL MEETING. 
plural flutes ant) Items. 
Fruit Growers’ Society. —To the exclusion 
of our usual variety on this and the next page, 
we give in this number a synopsis of the entire 
proceedings of the • recent Annual Meeting of 
the Fruit Growers’ Society of Western New 
York. As the discussions and Address com¬ 
prise matter of great interest and value to every 
farmer and horticulturist, we are confident none 
will object to the space occupied in giving them 
publicity, and therefore consider any apology 
unnecessary. The meeting was largely attend¬ 
ed, and the exhibition of Winter Fruits one of 
the best, if not the best, we ever witnessed. 
'Good Yield ok Wheat*' —The following is told 
by Bro. Holly, late of Warsaw, N. Y., who is 
now printing the Wisconsin Mirror, up in the 
woods of Newport, Columbia Co. Mr. H. has 
now but one neighbor nearer than Mr. Brew. 
He says :—“ On Saturday we were at the farm 
house of Daniel Brew, on the opposite side of 
the river, about a mile from our office. We 
found Mr. Brew cleaning wheat, and were led 
to enquire as to his yield of wheat and other 
crops. He sowed, a year ago last fall, fourteen 
acres of winter wheat, and last spring eleven 
acres of spring wheat. He kept one acre of the 
best of his winter wheat separate, and found the 
yield to be sixty-three bushels. The average 
yield of the whole twenty-five acres was twenty- 
seven and a half bushels to the acre. I rom 
nine and a half acres of oats he had 400 bushels.” 
Prairie Pasture.— Western readers will gain 
a hint from the following, from J. Emerson, in 
the Prairie Farmer : —“Twelve years ago I 
fenced in 70 acres, 30 acres ot which were 
timber and hazel brush, and 40 acres] prairie. I 
commenced sowing small quantities of timothy, 
red-top and clover on the sod, im the month of 
March, without harrowing. I pursued this 
course about four years, when I found the a\ ild 
grass had nearly disappeared, and given place 
to the tame. This land has been pastured every 
season during the past twelve yeais, and 
furnished feed for fifteen head of horned cattle, 
thirtv sheep and five horses. It the land has 
been previously plowed or cropped, I sow in 
March or April, four quarts of timothy, four 
quarts red-top, and four pounds clover to 
the acre.” 
N ew Guano Island. —We have previously no¬ 
ticed the discovery of a new Guano Island m 
the Pacific, and are glad to see that it promises, 
in the opinion of the American Farmer, to prove 
an acquisition of great value to the country. A 
company has been formed and two ships sent to 
bring home and test the value of the deposit.— 
The Island is thought to contain many million 
tons of guano, of the very best quality, more 
readily accessible than the Chinch a Islands, and 
altogether outside the Peruvian monopoly. 
Care of Stock. —Constant and kind care of 
stock is something like frequent hoeing to a 
corn crop. The hoeing keeps the soil light, and 
susceptible of receiving valuable influences from 
the atmosphere, and thus saves manure. So 
frequent carding, and careful watering and feed¬ 
ing, saves hay and roots and grain, and gives 
you a larger product of milk and flesh than 
could be obtained on even a larger amount of 
feed, without the extra care.— N E. Farmer. 
Horse Show at Louisville. —There is to be a 
grand horse show at Louisville, Ky., next 
spring, under the auspices of the South-western 
Agricultural and Mechanical^ Association. The 
exhibition is to begin on Tuesday, the 13th of 
May, and will continue three days. On Friday 
following the close of the fair, the first regular 
auction sale of stock, Ac., is to take place at the 
fair grounds. 
Productive Land. —The Southern Minnesota 
Herald says that Mr. Looney, of Root river, 
gathered this year 4,000 bushels’of corn off of 
70 acres, more than half of which had not been 
touched from the time it was planted. Mr. L. 
also raised a cart-load of 70 pumpkins from one 
seed ! 
An English farmer says, “good sheds, dry 
beds, small yards or boxes, regularity in feeding, 
small quantities at a time, are the great essen¬ 
tials in feeding all animals, and strict attention 
to these principles would save an immense 
quantity of valuable food.” 
The Second Annual Meeting of this Associa¬ 
tion convened at the City Hall, Rochester, Jan. 
8th, and at 11 A. M., organized with President 
J. J. Thomas in the Chair, and R. R. Scott, 
Sec’y pro tern. The following committees were 
appointed: 
On Nominations— L. B. Langworthy, G. Ell- 
wanger and Dr. Long, of Rochester; A. Rowe, 
Sweden, Monroe Co., and E. N. Thomas, Rose, 
Wayne Co. 
On Business —P. Barry, Rochester; A. Pin- 
ney, Clarkson, Monroe Co., II. C. White, Buffalo, 
A. Stone, Hinmanville, Oswego Co., and L. 
Fay, Portland, Chautauque Co. 
The attendance was large from different sec¬ 
tions of the country, and the show of winter 
fruits one of the finest ever made. Many beau¬ 
tiful specimens of all our leading winter apples 
and pears, as well as numerous new or rare sorts 
were presented. 
Adjourned to meet at 2 P. M. 
AFTERNOON SESSION. 
The President in the Chair, called for Re¬ 
ports of Committees. The Nominating Com¬ 
mittee reported the names of the following gen¬ 
tlemen as officers for the following year, who 
were elected by ballot: 
President— John J. Thomas, Macedon, Wayne 
county. 
1st Vice President —H. P. Norton, Brockport. 
2d do., Asa Rowe, Sweden. 3d do., E. C. 
Frost, of Catharine, Schuyler Co. 
Secretary— J. B. Eaton, Buffalo. 
Treasurer —W. B. Townsend, Lockport. 
Executive Committee— P. Barry, Rochester, H. 
E. Hooker, Brighton, H. G. Dickerson, Lyons, 
W. B. Smith, Syracuse, P. R. Freoff, Auburn. 
The Standing Committee on Native Fruits 
was not prepared to report. That on Foreign 
Fruits had met with nothing particularly worthy 
of notice during the year. The Chairman of the 
General Committee stated that all matters with¬ 
in the jurisdiction of this committee, including 
reports from local committees, and answers to 
questions forwarded to members, which had 
been received up to this time, will be embodied 
in the published Transactions of the Society. 
L. B. Langwortiiy was appointed President 
of the meeting, pro tern. 
Mr. P. Barry, as Chairman of the Committee 
on Business, reported that this being a local 
Society, representing Western New York, the 
Committee have thought that the subjects most 
proper for consideration of this meeting were 
such matters as pertain to Western New York, 
and therefore they have drawn up the following 
questions for discussion : 
1st. Can the cultivation of fruits for market 
on an extensive scale, be recommended to the 
farmers of Western New York ? 
2d. If so, what kind or class of fruits, as Ap¬ 
ples, Pears, Peaches, Ac., are likely to be most 
advantageous or remunerative, under all the 
circumstances ? 
3d. How extensively is it safe to embark in 
the cultivation of Winter Pears ? 
4th. Is it advisable to plant Pears on Quince 
for extensive market orchards ? 
The Annual Address was then delivered by 
the President. It is a valuable document, and 
we present it to our readers complete : 
ADDRESS. 
The first annual assembling of the Fruit Grow¬ 
ers’ Society of Western New York—a Society 
occupying a field unexcelled in its present pro¬ 
ducts,'and in its promise of future results, sug¬ 
gests many considerations for our action ; and 
with the hope of presenting some useful, if not 
new suggestions, 1 propose to offer a few re¬ 
marks. 
In performing a journey, it is always inter¬ 
esting to ascend occasionally an elevated point 
in our road, from which we may survey our 
progress—and from the extensive view afforded 
us, observe at a glance the nature of the road 
Ave have passed—and what is still more inter¬ 
esting perhaps, endeavor to ascertain what avc 
shall be likely to meet with in the course of our 
future journey. Equally interesting is it, to 
trace the past course and progress of the de¬ 
lightful art, of which we have to-day met to 
promote the advancement,—that of Pomology. 
And, of course, any glimpses of its future his¬ 
tory, which we may be able to get through the 
reflected light of the past, will be caught with 
eagerness. 
A number of us will doubtless remember 
AA r hat was the general condition of fruit culture 
more than thirty years ago. The great majori¬ 
ty of our land-owners had planted fruit trees, 
it is true, at that comparatively early period— 
the appetite for their delicious products,—which 
is scarcely less universal than the appetite for 
money,—showed itself conspicuously in the 
early history of Western New York. But com¬ 
mon orchards then, would hardly satisfy modern 
adepts in fruit culture. Of the apples generally 
cultivated, there were no higher claims to ex¬ 
cellence, than that they were “grafted fruit”— 
all kinds being comprehended under the two 
distinctive names, natural and grafted. The few 
scattered cherry trees consisted of “sour cher¬ 
ries” and “ English cherries,” with sometimes 
a rare mixture of “ Maydukes” and “Oxhearts.” 
We had also two sorts of plums, “the Blue 
plum,” with its several shades of variation, and 
all green or yellow plums, however worthless, 
under the imposing and comprehensive name of 
« Green Gagewhile in the more rustic dis¬ 
tricts, the only distinction was “ wild plums” 
and “ tame plums”—tame enough, indeed, some 
of them. Very feAV had eA r en heard of a necta¬ 
rine or apricot. A cultivated strawberry bed 
was agreat rarity, and this delicious fruit was 
only sought wild in the fields and woods, at ten 
times the labor of raising and gathering in gar¬ 
dens. There was one valuable fruit then, in 
which, I am sorry to say, but little improvement 
has been made, except in its greatly increased 
size and quality by cultivation, and this is the 
currant, which is perhaps the most easily raised, 
most hardy, and at its period of maturity the 
most valuable of all fruits. 
These remarks apply to ordinary instances 
and to general practice. There were, here and 
there, most worthy exceptions of individuals, 
who in the face of great difficulties,—difficulties 
which have now happily almost disappeared,— 
who with untiring perseverance had collected 
many of the improved varieties, which even noAv 
stand, among our most admired and delicious 
sorts. Some of us remember when the Sweet 
Bough, Early Harvest, Fall Pippin, Spitzenburgh, 
Swaar, Rhode Island Greening, Seek-no-further, 
Rambo, Yellow Bellflower, and a few others com¬ 
prised the principal standard varieties of our 
best orchards. V e had not then added the As- 
trachan, Benoni, Sops of Wine, Early Joe, Gra- 
venstein, Dyer, Belmont, Melon, Peck's Pleasant, 
Spy, Hawley, Wagcner, and other excellent sorts. 
The selection of the other fruits in those rare 
collections, contained some of the most valuable 
varieties, and which we may not be able to ex¬ 
cel for a long time to come—such for instance, 
among the pears, as Seckel, Bartlett, and Doyenne; 
and the true Green Gage among the plums. It 
must be admitted that of late years we have 
greatly increased the number of really excel¬ 
lent sorts, and as a consequence, enlarged the 
opportunity for selecting those best adapted to 
our several localities, and for a uniform supply 
in our varying seasons. Who would not most 
Avillingly spend years of labor in making col¬ 
lections, for the sake of finding three new ap¬ 
ples fully equal to the Fall Pippin, Rhode Island 
Greening and Baldwin, in their most valuable 
qualities! Or three such pears as the Bartlett, 
Flemish Beauty, and Louise Bonne of Jersey ! 
Some of us are familiar Avith the early pro¬ 
gress of our nurseries. It was less than twenty 
years ago that I first visited one near this city, 
and then occupying six acres of ground in all,— 
or rather it Avas intended to occupy six acres 
when they were all planted. Last summer I 
again spent half a day in its examination,—it 
had now spread itself over nearly three hundred 
acres—the trees it contained Avere counted by 
millions—and its fame was over the civilized 
Avorld. This is but one, hoAvever, of several of 
great extent and eminent celebrity, in this and 
our neighboring cities. Twenty years ago, all 
the nurseries Avithin ten miles of Rochester, did 
not amount, in the aggregate, to fifty acres— 
now they cover densely at least twelve hundred 
acres, and they send out annually, of full-grown 
nursery trees, (to say nothing of seedlings and 
ornamentals,) at least five millions in number. 
Our other cities and toAvns, in Avhich Syracuse 
and Buffalo are conspicuous, have witnessed a 
great increase in the extent of their nurseries. 
But it is not in the extent, merely, in which 
there has been a great improvement. Their char¬ 
acter for accuracy, and for their choice selection 
of sorts, has advanced in a most gratifying man¬ 
ner, as compared with the character of some 
that existed before pomology had made much 
progress in Western NeAv York. I speak from 
experience/when I say, that of some large collec¬ 
tions of trees obtained from highly respectable 
sources, (and I allude more particularly to one or 
two establishments not noAV existing,) not one 
fourth were found true to name, or else worthy 
of cultivation. I could occupy an hour in rela¬ 
ting the disappointments that occurred year af¬ 
ter year, in procuring different varieties, after 
Availing years for the trees to bear. But it is 
gratifying to pass from such discouraging in¬ 
stances, to the great improvement Avhich has 
been made in all highly respectable establish¬ 
ments, by the adoption of specimen or bearing 
trees to propagate from, and for the prevention 
of the errors, Avhicb, before this precaution Avas 
adopted, were so numerous. All nurserymen 
of character now expect to see/or themselves the 
correctness of the sorts they propagate—and 
not depend on sqmsqther person,—who depends 
perhaps on a thifm and he on a fourth, and so 
on through a cham as long as the pedigree of a 
nobleman or of a prize animal. 
We have now arrived at our present point in 
a very rapid progress—our country is full of 
fine nurseries, and facilities for conveyance en¬ 
able us to select our place for purchase any¬ 
where within a thousand miles; orchards in 
great numbers are yearly set out; and we might 
reasonably look for an immense profusion of 
the best fruit within a few years. Nothing of 
the kind, certainly, would be more cheering 
than to see every family in the land Avell sup¬ 
plied with the best fruits throughout the year— 
it would certainly prove a most interesting 
auxiliary in the advancement of domestic en¬ 
joyment and in increasing the attractions of 
home, if every one had the resources Avith them¬ 
selves for this supply. But unfortunately, we 
see but comparatively little good fruit among 
the people at large, except at the most abun¬ 
dant seasons of the year. Hoay many, for ex¬ 
ample, enjoy plenty of our best pears—Avith the 
exception of tAvo or three of the most common 
sorts, for a few brief Avceks at furthest ? How 
many are supplied with a full dish of strawber¬ 
ries on every table during the strawberry sea¬ 
son ? But when we come to look at the whole 
yearly circle of fruits,—the succession Avhich 
may be had, by selecting not only a proper as¬ 
sortment for ripening during the ordinary fruit 
season, but for the long months of Avinter and 
the destitute jieriod of spring,—where shall avc 
find such a supply, except in the commonest 
sorts of winter apples, and occasionally a feAV 
rare specimens of pears ? Hoav many, among 
all the members of this Society, who may be 
well supposed to stand at the head of informa¬ 
tion and intelligence on this subject, among a 
numerous people in an unexcelled fruit-growing 
district, have ever seen a single barrel of fine 
well-ripened winter pears on the opening of 
spring V Where then are the hundreds of thou¬ 
sands of people embraced within our district, 
to procure anything like a supply of the long 
keeping varieties of this delicious fruit ‘l How 
long, at the present rate will it be, before the 
market will be overstocked by such sorts as the 
Lawrence, Prince's St. Germain, Doyenne d'Hiver, 
and Easter Beurre ? We might as well attempt 
.to dip all the Avater out of the Genesee river 
with an egg shell, as to think of filling up the 
demand of our Avide country and populous cit¬ 
ies, which would be created, were they only 
known, for these delicious and Avholesome luxu¬ 
ries, with the few trees that are already planted. 
But there is another reason why avc have so 
limited a supply of fruit, notwithstanding the 
millions of trees that have been set out. This 
reason is the bad treatment they afterwards 
receive. The subject is a most interesting one 
to fruit-growers. Doubtless a great many per¬ 
ish by careless transplanting,—by mutilating 
the roots in digging them up, by exposure ot 
the roots to sun, air and frost, and by hasty 
and imperfect setting out. But the greatest of 
all losses,—nay, that which causes more loss 
than everything else together, is the neglected 
and deficient culture subsequently received.— 
Much has been said on this subject; but a great 
appr 
portance of good cultivation who has llot seen 
trees managed in both ways standing side by 
side. I have just cut these two shoots from 
young bearing peach trees, planted out at the 
same time, of the same variety, on land precise¬ 
ly alike. One of them stands in grass land and 
has received no cultivation, and as a consequence 
the growth the past season has been only eight 
inches. The other grew beside a piece of ground 
kept clear of Aveeds and grass on one side by a 
coating of old straw and manure, the manure 
not- mixed with the soil, and the growth is 4 
feet 8 inches. [The shoots described were here 
exhibited.] This affords a most striking con¬ 
trast ; but I can assure you I have often seen as 
great a difference in trees allowed sinply to 
grow in grass on one hand, and with a soil kept 
clean and mellow by tillage on the other, and 
with no other difference. The question is per¬ 
haps more easily asked than answered, Avhy it 
is that while no farmer would think of planting 
a field of corn to grow among the grass of a 
meadow, there are so many who will place valu¬ 
able young trees, which have cost them more 
than a hundred times as much as the corn they 
have planted, in the midst of a dense grass sod ? 
Or, who, having once planted them in good soil 
Avholly abandoned them to Aveeds ? However, 
dear-bought, experience is enforcing its lessons, 
and good cultivation is becoming more frequent, 
and better understood. 
In connection Avith this subject, allow me to 
point out one error Avhich prevails Avith some 
who do not forget the wants of their young 
orchards. This is the practice, not uncommon, 
of working the soil well at the foot of the trunk, 
but not extending the operation far enough off. 
The distance that the roots of trees extend, is 
found to be about equal to the whole height of 
the stem and branches. As a single proof of 
this, now at hand, I have cut from a tree in a 
young peach orchard, Avhich stood in grass with¬ 
out cultivation, seven feet from the bed of straw 
and manure already spoken of, one of its shoots 
which measures 2 feet 5 inches long ; and from 
another, tree 15 feet distant, this shoot which 
measures 14 inches long ; Avhile from the trees 
more remote, the growth is only 8 inches. [The 
shoots Avere here exhibited.] The trees are 
about ten feet high, and this example shows 
that they throw off their roots to a distance of 
fifteen feet, and are benefited by good soil 
there. Hence the great error of attempting good 
culture in a small circle around each tree. 
It was an old belief, (now becoming quite an¬ 
tiquated with intelligent persons,) that the 
planter of trees was not to expect crops in his 
own life time—that he planted only for his 
children. No doubt this opinion originated in 
committee of nine was selected from the mem¬ 
bers to present a list of the best fruits for gen¬ 
eral cultivation, three negative votes in the com¬ 
mittee being enough to reject any sort. And 
what Avas the result ? 
How many among the thousand varieties of 
pears would seven out of nine of this commit¬ 
tee agree upon, to present to the Congress as 
worthy of general cultivation ? After ample 
deliberation, they could agree on only eleven ; 
and there were only two that did not have any 
dissenting votes, and these two Avere the Seckel 
and Bartlett. 
Neither do I propose raising new sorts in 
this country for the purpose of discouraging the 
importation of new foreign varieties. I do not 
think a fruit is any better or any worse for hav¬ 
ing been brought “ a thousand briny leaf-lies” 
for adoption here. I hold the inherently wise 
as well as time-honored rule, that every tree is 
to be judged by its fruits—by its intrinsic 
worth, whether Europe or America is the place 
of its origin. ' By this rule we all pronounce 
the older foreigners, the Bartlett, Virgalieu, 
Louise Bonne of Jersey, and Flemish Beauty, and 
such newer arrivals as the Rostiezcr, Giffard, and 
Beurre d'Anjou, as worthy companion's of the 
Seckel, the Tyson, the Brandywine, the Washing¬ 
ton, Sheldon, and Lawrence, and other native 
Americans; while among the apples, the As- 
trachan, Dyer, and Gravestcin, will compare well 
with our Melon, Hawley, Spitzenburgh and Swaar. 
The truth is, we have a long road to travel 
before we reach a perfect list of fruits; and we 
need all the assistance we may be able to pro¬ 
cure from all sources. It is true that much labor 
is required to produce even a small result.; Van 
Mons devoted a lifetime, and Knight obtained 
but few new and excellent sorts; but Van Mons 
adopted a most tardy and laborious process, and 
Knight made a bad selection of parents for 
crossing, in his experiments, especially with 
pears. 
But it must be remembered that Ave have as 
the slow progress made by neglected young 
trees. For if a tree makes but 8 inches of 
growth in a season, as in the case just exhibited, 
and none in grass or grain fields can be expect¬ 
ed t,o do much more, it would require at least 
seA r en years for such a tree to make the progress 
attained in a single year under the best culture. 
I have taken the pains the present season, to 
measure the products of a feiv apple trees, set 
out about six years ago, then two years from 
the graft. The soil had but one light manuring 
for many years, and Avas naturally more sterile 
than most of our common farm soiis. But it had 
been kept under good, clean cultivation. Two 
of the Dyer apple bore each a bushel and tivo- 
thirds ; a Baldwin yielded three bushels and a 
half; a tree of the Minister, three bushels; a 
Belmont, two years older, bore five bushels ; and 
a Northern Spy, eight years transplanted into a 
large hole containing a portion of compost, bore 
nine bushels. I could furnish many other in¬ 
stances of a similar character and equally strik¬ 
ing, had the crops been measured. Some years 
since, a ioav of txvcnty peach trees, the ground 
having been kept cultivated and free from all 
other growth, bore the third summer from trans¬ 
planting, about one peck each, and one of them 
bore about three pecks of peaches. Now, these 
are not extraordinary instances, and they are 
merely furnished to show what may be often 
reasonably expected when proper attention is 
given to cultivation. 
Noav, no one can justly say that the cost of 
cultivation is too great for general practice, pro¬ 
vided an arrangement is made for horse-culti¬ 
vation, which should always be the case Avith 
every considerable plantation, in this land of 
high-priced labor. No farmer complains of the 
cost of cultivating an acre of corn or potatoes, 
or carries his complaints so far as to propose to 
let these crops Avholly take care ot tuemselves 
after planting, as many do with their costly 
young t rees. Yet it is much easier to keep an acre 
of land in trees clean and avcII pulverized,than 
an acre of corn and potatoes, for there are usu¬ 
ally only a hundred or two of trees, which may 
be easily worked! about with plow or harrow ; 
■while there are three or four thousand corn or 
potato hills, every one of Avhich requires separate 
attention. By keeping the ground clear of all 
A-egetablc growth in an orchard or fruit garden, 
whether it be a planted crop, or a self-sown crop 
of weeds, Avhich is the best and most profitable 
course, (unless it be sometimes that a green 
crop for manure may b'e advisable)—by adopt¬ 
ing this course, five or six dollars an acre are all 
that need be required, where one or two plow- 
ings and five or six harroAvings are given annu¬ 
ally—affording an almost incredible supply of 
the necessaries, comforts, and luxuries of life 
combined ; while.without such cultivation, per¬ 
haps not a fifth part of the same real value 
would be afforded. How strange that any one 
should attempt to save the feAV by wasting the 
hundreds ! Squandering the dollars to save the 
cents, most emphatically ! But it is needless to 
dwell longer on the subject. 
In addition to the more common objects for 
labors,—assisting in the selection of the 
yet in this country but few laborers in the field ; 
yet these fewhave had their laborsgenerally Avell 
rewarded. I Avould ask our friends, Elhvanger & 
Barry,if bringing into existence such a fine straw- ~ 
berry as the Genesee, does not amply repay them 
for their care and attention ? Burr'sSeedling, of 
Ohio, and Jlovcy's Seedling,of Boston, have become 
renowned throughout the Avliole country, and are 
now cultreated in many thousand fine gardens. 
New strawberries, it is true, are raised with 
great facility, every berry from a pistillate im¬ 
pregnated by a staminate containing seeds that 
are a cross of the two sorts. Dr. Kirtland, of 
Cleveland, and Dr Brinckle, of Philadelphia, 
have both been eminently successful—the for¬ 
mer with the cherry, anil the latter with the 
raspberry. The Governor Wood is regarded by 
many as the best cherry in the world ; Dr. 
Brinckle's Orange has been pronounced the most 
valuable of all raspberries. Would not such 
excellent ■ results repay years of toil? Now 
suppose that if instead of half a dozen experi¬ 
menters, Ave had at. least one or two thousand, ’ 
would we not in a fen r years see some wonders 
springing into life and existence ? We should, 
of course, be deluged with new sorts, but every 
one not possessing eminent superiority would 
soon die a natural death, while those of high 
merit Avould rapidly find their way into the 
world. 
We much need in this country experiments in 
raising new apples and pears. If we had a 
thousand operators, what might Ave not expect 
from a thousand crosses ma< • bv each, or a 
, million crosses in all, Irom such appfos t fo. 
Swaar with its richness, and the Baldwin with 
its productiveness; or the Dyer with its "delica¬ 
cy, and Gravcnstein with its vigor ; or the Early 
Joe with its refreshing juiciness, with the Sops of 
Wine Avith its fine groAvth and fairness ? What 
interesting results would be looked for in a hun¬ 
dred thousand seedlings from the huge Ononda¬ 
ga crossed with the delicious Seckel, the Bart¬ 
lett Avith the Tyson, the Madeleine with the Bran¬ 
dywine, or the Winkfield with the Winter Nelis? 
What a privilege would it not be to range in 
such collection of trees when ripening ther first 
crops of new existences ! 
We can hardly expect cultivators to adopt the 
toilsome process used by Knight and others, of 
cutting out with scissors the stamens from the 
flowers, and dusting the pistils by a camel’s hair 
brush to effect a cross fertilization—perhaps it 
will be sufficient to plant the tvro sorts so that 
their branches may intermix with each other.— 
Are there not some among us who will imme¬ 
diately make preparations for raising the seed, 
by planting a collection of trees for crossing, 
nr*/I cnHinnr thoni fwnnirtl fwn into 1 llG SfllRf* holf 1 .? 
best fruits, in disseminating them more general¬ 
ly, and in promoting skillful cultivation,—there 
is another field which has hardly been entered 
as yet, except by a very fen r , but Avhich is Avell 
Avorthy of our attention. I allude to the rais¬ 
ing of new varieties, not by hap-hazard merely, 
but by carefully directed, scientific labor. 
But some one is perhaps ready to exclaim, 
“Why, avc have too many sorts already ! We 
are already bcAvililereil by the interminable lists 
of varieties before the public—our object should 
be to reduce, not increase the number.” This 
may be true to a great extent; but what avc 
want is a better quality than avc now have ; avc 
wish to cast away the whole multitude of poor 
sorts, and get better ones. It is true, that we 
have a vast number, almost worthy of cultiva¬ 
tion ; but Ve Avant so rich a list to select from, 
that avc shall have not only those adapted to 
different localities, different seasons, different 
and setting them t wo and two into the same hole? 
Before closing these remarks, in which the 
progress of fruit culture has been traced up to 
the present time, and a general glance taken of 
the needs of the art, it may not be improper to 
attempt to look forward on the road avc are yet 
to travel, and inquire, “ What shall Ave find as 
to the condition of fruit raising in our onward 
progress ? Will nurseries still increase in num- 
deal more will be*needed, I fear, before the evil i purposes, different appetites, and to a complete 
is corrected. Free million trees are set out an- ; succession throughout the different months ot 
nually from the nurseries here ; yet I am satis- j the year, but we want all these to >e ot such 
tied from observation, that if instead of the five undoubted, unmistakable excellence and gene- 
million as now treated,—if only half a million ral value, that there shall be no hesitation Av.hat- 
were set out annually and treated in the best I ever in adopting them. It is a hard, thing to 
manner, this half million would produce more find such a fruit. When the first Congiess ol 
anil better fruit in ten years, than the five mil- Fruit GroAvers met in New \ ork in 1848, a 
berand magnitude ? Will the number of trees 
set out still be greater each successive year ?— 
Will the markets become overstocked? Will 
our great labors and outlays, after all, avail us 
nothing, in consequence of the future decline in 
prices, just as we get our trees into fair bearing 
condition? Or, will adverse seasons, diseases, 
and depredators become so formidable that we 
shall never attain what avc so much long for, 
and which present success promises ?” 
These are all most interesting inquiries, and 
we desire to search for all the light we can find, 
as the proper answers have so intimate a bear¬ 
ing on our present labors. 
There is one thing very certain, that so long 
as all have an appetite for delicious fruit,—and 
this appetite appears to have been universal in 
all ages,—so long as this continues, trees will be 
planted, cultivated, and cropped. When our 
orchards become so extensive, AA r ell selected, and 
general that all mankind may partake of this 
wholesome and delicious luxury throughout the 
entire year, then avc shall have enough, so far 
as human beings are concerned. Then we shall 
only have to fill up the natural decay as orchards 
successively become old. We are now very far 
from reaching this point. Very few have 
more than a plentiful supply only in autumiL 
It sometimes happens that a surplus exists ot 
perishable fruit, if it chances to be of second 
rate quality. What Ave neeil most, in our pro¬ 
vision for the future, is such a selection as ivill 
give a varied and excellent supply through win¬ 
ter and spring. Long keepers may be sent safe¬ 
ly half the circumference of the globe—they 
Avill not only supply all seasons, but all coun¬ 
tries and all climes. We need not fear to plant 
too many of these ; for a large supply will cre¬ 
ate large facilities for their distant conveyance, 
and open large markets for their sale. Need we, 
then, fear that the country is becoming too full 
of orchards ? If avc suppose that twenty nui- 
lion trees are annually set out in the Union boa* 
all our nurseries, Avhich would require some SI 
or seven thousand acres for raising the y oun ° 
1 
